1、 名词及所有格一、 名词的种类：名词的概念：名词是用来表示人名、地名、事物名称及其抽象概念的词类，在句子中往往做主语、宾语、表语，有时也做定语。可数名词普通名词 物质名词 rice, sugar名词分为： 不可数名词抽象名词 work, information专有名词 Shanghai, English二、 名词的数：可数名词有单数和复数之分，如 a book, two books。名词复数的构成法：规则： 例词 备注一般情况在词尾加-s school-school, girls -girls少数以 o 结尾的单词需加-es,请记住 tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes
2、, Heroheroes(英雄) 以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的词加-esbus-buses, box-boxes, match-matches, fish-fishes当 fish 表示的是几条鱼时单复形式相同，one fish, two fish, 当 fish 指的是不同种类的鱼时，要加-es,当 fish 指的是可以吃的小菜时，为不可数。以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，变 y 为 i， 再加-esfamily-families, city-cities以元音字母加-y 结尾构成字母组合的单词直接加-s, 如 boys。以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，把 f 或 fe 变为 v 再加-
3、eslifelives, shelf-shelves 少数以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词可直接加-s, 如 roofs, chiefs。特殊情况：1、 个别名词单复数同性，如 one Chinese, two Chinese, one Japanese, two Japanese, one sheep, two sheep, one deer, two deer(两只梅花鹿)2、 有的名词复数形式由改变单数名词的元音字母构成，如 manmen,womanwomen, footfeet, tooth-teeth , goosegeese, mousemice, policemanpolicemen
4、, businesswomanbusinesswomen 等。3、 有的名词复数形式由单数名词加后缀构成，如 childchildren , oxoxen 等。4、 有的名词单数形式表复数概念，如 people(人们), police（警察） 三、 不可数名词及其数量的表示1不可数名词没有复数形式，但 paper 在作为报纸或讲义解释时为可数名词，news(消息)尽管以-s ，结尾，实为不可数名词。2不可数名词可以用量词来修饰，如 a piece of paper/news/ bread/meat a glass of milk/watera cup of tea a bottle of in
5、k two loaves of bread some advice a little work a lot of homework四、 专有名词专有名词是表示具体的人名、地名或事物、机构等名称，通常第一个字母大写，且多不加冠词，但由普通名词构成的专有名词除外。January (月份)， Wednesday (星期) ， China, New York（地名） ，Mr. Green(称呼)，John Smith(人名)， the Great Wall (由普通名词构成的专有名词)五、 名词所有格1 表示有生命的名词所有格：（1） 一般在名词后加-s，如 Toms English teacher,
6、 Li Leis school bag（2） 以 s 结尾的复数名词所有格，一般只在名词右上角加 ，如 the teachers office, the students desks, 但以 s 结尾的单数名词所有格加 s,如 my bosss glasses (我老板的眼镜)（3） 如两个人共同拥有同样的东西，则在最后一个名词的后面加s，如果是各自拥有的，则两个名词后面都要加s,如 Lucy and Lilys bedroom（共有） ，Lucys and Lilys schoolbags (各自所有)2表示无生命的名词所有格（1）通常采用“of +名词”结构来表示无生命的名词所有格，放在被
7、修饰名词的后面, 如 the gate of the school, the door of the bus（2）有些表时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词也可加s构成所有格，如 todays newspaper, ten minutes walk （3）双重所有格双重所有格是将 of 所有格和 s 所有格结合在一起的形式，表示整体中的一部分或其中一个，如 a friend of mine, a classmate of my fathers六、 修饰可数名词和不可数名词的量词修饰可数名词的量词：many , (a) few, a pair of , a group of修饰不可数
8、名词的量词：much, (a) little, a piece of既可修饰也可修饰不可数的量词：some, a lot of, lots of针对性练习I. Pick out the countable nouns and change them into the plural form(找出下列名词中的可数名词并改为复数形式)1. mouse _ 2. Chinese _3. milk_4. brush_5. bus_6. tomato_7. water_8. knife_9. sheep_10. radio_. 11. tooth_12. toy_13. photo_14. news_1
9、5. watch_16. woman_17. newspaper_18. rice_19. bread_20. leaf_II. Translate the following phrases into English(将下列词组翻译成中文)：1. 两袋米 _ 2. 三张纸_3. 四个苹果_4. 五个日本人_5. 我妈妈的一只包_ 6. 昨天的报纸_7. 两盒鸡蛋_8. 许多城市_9. 十二条鱼_10. 一些牛奶_III. Choose the best answer( 选择最恰当的答案)：( )1. Uncle Tom is a farmer. He keeps many _ on his
10、farm.A. bird B. horse C. pig D. sheep( )2. Could you please get me some _? Im hungry.A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg( )3. Do you know _ ? Is she a doctor?A. Tom and Mikes mother B. Toms and Mikes motherC. Tom and Mikes mothers D. Toms and Mikes mothers( )4. We havent _ homework today.A. many B. mu
11、ch C. a lot of D. lots of ( )5. What colour would you like?A. an orange B. orange C. oranges D. the orange( )6. -Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest bus stop?-Go down this road. Its about _ walk.A. five minutes B. five minutes C. five-minutes D. five minutes( )7. Mother bought two _this morning,
12、 so we will have_ for lunch.A. fish, fish B. fishes, fish C. fishes, fishes D. fish, fishes( )8. Im so hungry. Please give me _ to eat.A. three bread B. three pieces of breadC. three pieces of breads D. three piece of bread ( )9. -Would you like something to drink?-Oh, yes, just a little _, please.A
13、. milk B. apple C. pears D. oranges( )10. June 1st is _ Day.A. Child Childs C. Children D. ChildrensIV. Rewrite the following sentences as required(句型转换)：1. I want to buy some books. (改为一般疑问句) _ you want to buy _ books?2. Tom got many gifs on his birthday. (改为否定句)Tom _ _ many gifts on his birthday.3. There are five people in my family. (就划线部分提问 ) _ _ people are there in your family?4. That cat is running after a mouse. (把句子改为复数形式 )Those cats _ running after some _.5. There are five bottles of milk in the box. (就划线部分提问 )_ _ milk is there in the box.
