1、,win8,Religion Culture,Islam/Buddhism/Christianity,Part ,Islam,As-Salmu Alaykum（Hello!）,Islam was founded in the early seventh Century, the founder of Mohamed. 伊斯兰教创建于公元7世纪初，创始人为穆罕默德。,伊斯兰教的派别：1Sunnite(逊尼派) It has the largest population. In China, most Muslims belong to this sect.2Shia(十叶派) This sect
2、 has a small population, mainly distributed in Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and India.,Six Beliefs ：world view 、theory and thought Believe in Allah Believe in angel Believe in envoy Believe in classics Believe in pre-existence Believe in afterworld,Five Obligations(五功） Shahada(念 功) Salat(礼 功) Saum(斋 功) Saka
3、t(课 功) Hajj(朝 功)Benefaction(善行),Salat (礼拜)Votaries need to worship five times in a day(一日五次礼拜)。 When worshipping, people should put their heads towards the Mekka Salat al-Fajr 晨礼（from dawn to sunrise） Zuhr 响礼（from noon to afternoon） Asr 晡礼（from afternoon to sunset） Maghrib 昏礼（from sunset to evening）
4、 Isha 宵礼（from evening to dawn ）,Islam in the diet, the general principle is advisable to clean, dirty prohibited. Koran in addition to prohibit eating meat blood, pork, in the name of self and the outside of the meat of dead animals dominate Allah while slaughtering the animal, also called Muslims i
5、n the types of animals to be slaughtered legally chanting the name of Allah.,Muslim food taboos(穆斯林的食物禁忌),The main reason is that Muslims do not eat pork obey Allahs command. Referred to blood, pork, from the dead, and not to slaughter in the name of God, can not eat. In the Quran in Chapter VI 145
6、Muslims tired of pigs, pig ban reasons: 1) pig Maochou, weird, sexual greed, stupid; 2) hi filthy swine; 3) Evil impermanence; 4) Also, the pigs neck just a tendon, we can not see the day, we can not turn back the Muslims who are particular about the change of heart, and the pig this feature and Mus
7、lims living habits of the opposite.,Why Muslims do not eat pork?,The classics and symbols(古兰经和穆斯林建筑)The classics in Islamism are Alcoran（古兰经） and Hadith(圣训）,The symbols,The symbols,Festivals (节日),开斋节 Folk festivals,圣纪节Maulid al-Nabi,宰牲节Eid al-Adha,Part ,Buddhism,What is Buddha？,From budhi, means to
8、awaken.,One who is awake-in the sense of having woken up to,Means any enlightened people, also can be Siddhartha Gautama.,life death existence,a royal familyin Nepalin 2,500years ago,happiness without wealth and luxury,teachingreligion philosophie,the principles of Buddhism,birth,realise,experience,
9、explore,enlighten,convey it untill his death at the age of 80.,About Siddhartha Gautama,What do Buddhists believe?,Rebirth results from attachments (karma)(因果报应),Nirvana is a peaceful, detached state of mind（涅槃和平而独立）,Achieving Nirvana means escape from the cycle of rebirth.,The Four Noble Truths （四谛
10、）,The truth of suffering （苦谛),Life is suffering.,The truth of the cause of suffering（集谛）,The cause is craving or thirst,pain, getting old, disease, and death.,Getting what you want does not means to gain the happiness.,The truth of the end of suffering （灭谛）,The truth of the path（道谛）,Overcome sufferi
11、ng and attain more happiness.,Free us from suffering.,A possible way to relief.,This way is the Eightfold Path.,True happiness without substance.,The Eightfold Path（八正道）,Wisdom,Ethical Conduct,Mental Discipline,Right Intention（正念）,Right View（正见）,Right Speech（正语）,Right Action（正业）,Right Livelihood（正命）
12、,Right Concentration（正定）,Right Effort（正精进）,Wisdom Compassion and Ethics,Wisdom,anatman（无我）,shunyata（空性）,Compassion,metta（慈心）,karuna（悲心）,Buddhismtwo eyes,Ethics,precepts（戒律）,The Buddhist Precepts,Not killing（不杀生）,Not misusing sex （不邪淫）,Not stealing（不偷盗）,Not lying（不妄语）,Not abusing intoxicants（不饮酒）,The
13、 eight sects of Chinese Buddhism,The Meditation (Chan or Zen) Sect (禅宗) the Pure Land sect (净土宗) the Esoteric Buddhism (密宗) the Tiantai sect the Dharma-Image sect (法相宗/瑜伽宗) the Garland sect (贤首宗/华严宗) the Three -Sutra sect (三论宗) The Vinaya sect (律宗),Qixia Temple,Cien Temple,Baima Temple,Huayan Temple
14、,Xingshan Temple,Donglin Temple,Daming Temple,Potala Palace,Places of interest,Mogao Caves(千佛洞),Yungang Caves(云冈石窟),longmen grottoes(龙门石窟),峨眉山,峨眉山,Mount Putuo（普陀山）,Mount Wutai（五台山）,Mount Emei（峨眉山）,Mount Jiuhua（九华山）,Part ,Christianity,Origin,Christianity is rooted in Judaism and founded by Jesus in t
15、he Palestinian territory in a mid-century in the break away from Judaism as an independent religion in 135 years.,The 3 sects of Christianity,Orthodox Church(东正教)Catholicism(天主教)Denominations(新教),Early Christianity had been subjected to cruel persecution and repression of the Roman emperors. In 313,
16、 the Roman Emperor Constantine I issued Edict of Milan, declared common freedom with Christianity and all other religions, without discrimination. Since then, Christianity became an official recognition of the legitimate religion. In 392, Christianity became the state religion of Roman Empire, and g
17、radually became the main spiritual pillar of middle European feudal society. In 1054, Christianity was split into the Roman Catholic and Orthodox. In the l6 century, with the rise of Western European nation-state and public class, Rome, the Reformation movement broke out against rule of the Pope. Af
18、ter these, some of the new sect, known as the Protestant, were split from the Catholic Church. So, Christianity is general of Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant.,The symbols,Orthodox Church Catholicism Denominations,Mary,Jesus,Jehovic,001 Love your neighbor as yourself. 002 Resentment kills a fool, a
19、nd envy slays the simple. 003 Does a wild donkey bray when it has grass, or an ox bellow when it has fodder? 004 I will speak out in the anguish of my spirit, I will complain in the bitterness of my soul. 005 that the mirth of the wicked is brief, the joy of the godless lasts but a moment. 006 There
20、 is a mine for silver and a place where gold is refined. Iron is taken from the earth, and copper is smelted from ore. 007 Man does not comprehend its worth.,Bible,Festivals (节日),受难节 good Friday,复活节Easter,Part ,Conclusion,1)Differences between Islam, Buddhism and Christianity,2)Islam in the United S
21、tates,Islam in the United States is a minority religion, practiced by less than 1% of the total population, according to estimates.American Muslims come from various backgrounds, and are one of the most racially diverse religious groups in the United States according to a 2009 Gallup poll,3)Buddhism
22、 in the United States,Buddhism is one of the largest religions in the United States behind Christianity, Judaism and nonreligious, and approximately equal with Islam and Hinduism. American Buddhists include many Asian Americans, as well as a large number of converts of other ethnicities, and now the
23、ir children and even grandchildren.In 2012, U-T San Diego estimated U.S. practitioners at 1.2 million people, of whom 40% are living in Southern California.,3)Buddhism in the United States,3)Buddhism in the United States,Immigrant BuddhismThe oldest and largest of these is immigrant or ethnic Buddhi
24、sm, those Buddhist traditions that arrived in America along with immigrants who were already believers and that largely remained with those immigrants and their descendants.,Import BuddhismWhile Asian immigrants were arriving, some American intellectuals examined Buddhism, based primarily on informa
25、tion from British colonies in India and East Asia.In the last century, numbers of Asian Buddhist masters and teachers have immigrated to the U.S. in order to propagate their beliefs and practices. Most have belonged to three major Buddhist traditions or cultures: Zen, Tibetan, and Theravadan.,4)Chri
26、stianity in the United States,Three major sects of ChristianityOrthodox ChurchCatholicismProtestantism (Dominations),5)Religious composition of population,DiversitySecularization,5)Religious composition of population,Reasons of the diversity of religions in the USDiversity of cultures, languages, history and ethnic lines;Freedom of religions;Diversity of the views of cultures;Modernization of lives of American,Thank you!,
