1、专题十三 反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句以及其它特殊句式【考纲解读】高考英语在重视对语义和功能考查的同时,并未完全放弃对语言形式和语言知识类题目的考查,主要涉及强调句、倒装句、省略句、反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句以及其它特殊句式如 there be 句型等。反意疑问句是高考经常考查的语法项目之一,考查的重点是:祈使句和含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句及句尾的附加成分等。主要考点有:1. 祈使句的判断2. 祈使句固定结构3. 反意疑问句一般用法及特殊用法【知识要点】反意疑问句由“陈述句+附加疑问句”构成,附加疑问句常常表示反意,因此附加疑问句通常被称为反意疑问句。附加疑问句由“助动词/ 情态动词/
2、 系动词+主语”构成,它们需要与陈述句的动词和主语对应。如果陈述句的主语是名词,附加疑问句的主语要用相应的代词替换。 一、反意疑问句重点知识梳理 例 7 Thats unfair, isnt it? 这是不公平的,是吗? 例 8 The meeting is unimportant, isnt it? 这个会议不重要,对吗? 4 如果陈述句是“Im”结构时,反意疑问句用 arent I。 例 9 Im a good student, arent I? 我是一个好学生,对吗? 例 10 Im going to attend your lecture, arent I? 我打算听你的讲座,好吗?
3、5 如果陈述句是“There be ”句型,反意疑问句也借助 there。 例 11 There is a tall tree in front of your house, isnt there? 你家房前有一棵大树,是吗? 例 12 There used to be a bus stop near our school, usednt there/didnt there? 我们学校附近曾经有一个汽车站,对吗? 例 13 There stands an old temple on the top of the mountain, doesnt there? 山顶矗立着一座古庙,是吗? 6 如
4、果陈述句的主语是 one,反意疑问句的主语在正式场合用 one, 在非正式场合用you。 例 14 One can never be careful enough, can one/can you? 人再细心也不为过,对吗? 7如果陈述句是含有 that 引导的宾语从句的主从复合句,反意疑问句的主语和谓语动词往往与主句的主语和谓语动词保持一致。 例 15 Tom said (that) all the students in their class studied Chinese very hard, didnt he? 汤姆说他们班上所有的学生都努力学习汉语,是吗? 例 16 She thi
5、nks (that) I am better at learning languages than anyone else in Class 5, doesnt she? 她认为我在 5 班比其他任何一个学生更擅长学语言,是吗? 例 17 We think (that) she is a nice girl, dont we? 我们认为她是一个好女孩,对吗? 注意:(1)如果陈述句的主句是 I think/believe/suppose/guess 等时,反意疑问句的主语和谓语动词往往与 that 引导的宾语从句的主语和谓语动词保持一致,此时要特别注意否定前移的情况,这就是所谓的“反宾不反主”
6、。 例 18 I think (that) it will be fine tomorrow, wont it? 我认为明天天气会很好,对吗? 例 28 You must be very thirsty, arent you? 你一定很渴,是吗? 例 29 He must be playing basketball on the play ground at this time yesterday, wasnt he? 昨天这个时候他肯定在操场上打篮球,对吧? 例 30 You must have watched TV last night, didnt you? 昨天晚上你肯定看电视了,对吧
7、?例 31 You must have read this story, havent you? 你一定读过这个故事,对吧? 11如果陈述句是祈使句,反意疑问句常用 will you, wont you, would you,有时也用can you, cant you 等。 例 32 Remember me to your parents, will you/wont you? 代我向你的父母问好,好吗? 例 33 Be quiet, cant you/can you? 安静,好吗? 注意:(1)如果陈述句的祈使句以 Lets 开头,反意疑问句用 shall we;如果祈使句以 Let us
8、或 Let me 开头,反意疑问句用 will you。 例 34 Lets take a rest, shall we? 咱们休息一会儿,好吗?(表示提议,包括对方在内)例 35 Let us take a rest, will you?(你)让我们休息一会儿,好吗?(表示请求,不包括对方在内) 例 36 Let me have a look at your new car, will you?(你)让我看一下你的新车,好吗?(表示请求,不包括对方在内) (2)如果陈述句的祈使句是否定形式,反意疑问句只能用 will you。 例 37 Dont talk aloud in class, w
9、ill you? 课堂上不要大声说话,好吗? 12 有时用到同向反意疑问句,但是不太常见。 例 38 Oh, youve got it, have you? 哦,你得到它了,是吗?(表示讥讽或轻蔑) 例 39 You wont obey the rules, wont you? 你不肯遵守规章制度,是吧?(表示威吓)例 40 You dont want to do that yourself, dont you? 你不想自己做那件事,对吧? 祈使句是日常交际中的常用句型,因为每个人在日常生活中难免会请求、命令、建议、要求、叮嘱、祝愿或厌烦某人干某事。随着英语交际功能的被重视,高考题中祈使句的出
10、现频率越来越高。现对祈使句的各种用法总结如下: (2)有时为了强调向谁提出要求、发出命令或分配任务,第二人称主语也可以表示出来,这时主语须重读。例如: Boys,you carry water.Girls,you clean the windows.男生们,你们提水;女生们,你们擦窗子。 Dont you do it again!你再也不要做这种事了! 4.有时加上第二人称,主语可表示急躁、厌烦或愤怒等情绪。例如: You mind your own business!管好你自己的事!/别管闲事! You get out of my way!请你别挡我的道! 5.祈使句的前后还可以有呼唤语。例
11、如: Tom,behave yourself.汤姆,规矩点。 Each of you,go back to your seat.你们每个人,都回到你们的座位上去。 二、第三人称作主语的祈使句 祈使句的主语有时也可以是第三人称。例如: Everybody stand up!大家都站起来! Jack stand over there.杰克站到那边去。 注意比较: Everyone stands up.每个人都站着。 Jack stands over there.杰克站在那儿。 3.Let+第三人称代词或名词+不定式。例如: Let him be here by eight oclock.让他八点前
12、到这。 Let promises be kept.一定要信守诺言。 这一结构的否定式是 Dont let. Dont let such a thing happen again.不要再让这样的事发生。 Dont let anyone leave his position.不许让任何人离开岗位。 四、祈使句的省略形式 祈使句的省略形式一般在紧接上下文作简短反应时使用,可用 do,dont 等代替全句。例如: A:Shall I get you a cup of tea? B:Yes,please do./No, please dont. A:May l use your phone? B:Do,
13、you are welcome. 2.有些无动词结构也是祈使句的一种省略形式。例如: Louder,please!请大声点说! Out with it!带着它滚出去! Not so noisy!不要这么大声! 五、祈使句的倒装形式 若祈使句中有 in,out,away,up,off 等作状语的副词,则会因强调这些状语而把它们置于句首。例如: Out you come!你出来! Away you go!你走吧! Up you stand!你站起来! 六、祈使句可作为条件句使用 Another try,and you may succeed.(=If you have another try,yo
14、u will succeed.)如果你再试一次,你也许会成功。 七、祈使句后的附加疑问句式 1.第二和第三人称的祈使句后多用 will you,用 would you 语气更加委婉;也有用 wont you,can/cant you 或 why dont you 的。例如: Wait a minute,will you? Keep quiet,will you?/won t you? Have another cup of tea,would you?2.以 Let 开头的祈使句有两种形式。Let s 开头的祈使句用 shall we,Let us 开头的用will you。例如: Lets
15、go home,shall we?我们一起回家吧,怎么样? Let us go home,sir,will you?先生,让我们回家吧,行吗? 八、用作习语的一些固定祈使句式 Take your time.别急。 Pardon me?对不起,请再说一遍。 Make yourself at home.请随便点。 /就当在家里。 Take it easy.别着急。 Go ahead.朝前走;去做吧!(鼓励对方做某事) Dont mention it.不用客气!(对别人感谢的回答) Come on.加油;快点;振作起来;得啦,算了吧!(指责对方刚刚说的话不正确) 【考点诠释】方法总结反意疑问句考点归
16、纳解析 1. 祈使句的反意疑问句句尾附加成分 (1) 以 Let 开头的祈使句 If you want helpmoney or anything, let me know, _ you? (2003 上海春季) A. dont B. will C. shall D. do 解析以 Let 开头的祈使句,其反意疑问句句尾附加成分用 will you 或 wont you,故选 B。 (2) 带主语的祈使句 -Alice, you feed the bird today, _? -But I fed it yesterday. (NMET1999 年) A. do you B. will you
17、 C. didnt you D. dont you (3) 否定祈使句 Dont smoke in the meeting-room, _? (NMET1991 年) A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 解析祈使句是否定形式时,其反意疑问句句尾附加成分只能用 will you,故选 B。 (4) 肯定祈使句 Be sure to write to us, _? (NMET1993 年) A. will you B. arent you C. can you D. mustnt you 解析祈使句是肯定形式时,其反意疑问句句尾附加成分常用
18、will you 或 wont you,故选 A。 2. 一般简单句的反意疑问句句尾附加成分 His wife had the front door painted green yesterday, _ she? (1994 上海卷) A. did B. had C. didnt D. hadnt 解析此题的关键是认准 had 在语境中的词义。陈述句中的谓语动词 had 为使役动词,表示“使、叫、让”,而非“有”,由此先排除 B 和 D 两项。根据 “前肯定,后否定”的规则,故选 C。 3. 主从复合句的反意疑问句句尾附加成分 (1) 不含宾语从句的复合句 The news that they
19、 failed their driving test discouraged him, _? (2000 上海卷) A. did they B. didnt they C. did it D. didnt it (2) 含宾语从句的复合句 Brain told you that there wasnt anyone in the room at that time, _? (2002 上海春季) A. was there B. wasnt there C. didnt he D. did he Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to desig
20、n a digital camera, _? (2002 上海卷) A. is he B. isnt he C. doesnt she D. does she Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _? (2004 上海卷) A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he 解析解这三个题的关键是认清主句的主语和谓语动词。这三个题均为含宾语从句的复合句,其反意疑问句句尾附加成分的主语和谓语动词往往与主句的主语和谓语保持一致,再根据 “前肯定,后
21、否定;前否定,后肯定”的规则,故分别选 CDA。 I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? (2001 上海卷) A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they 解析当主句是 I think/believe/suppose/guess 等时,其反意疑问句句尾附加成分的主语和谓语要与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致,还要特别注意否定的前移,故该题选 C。 4. 含 must 的陈述句的反意疑问句句尾附加成分 There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone t
22、o the lecture, _? (2004 上海春季) A. didnt they B. dont they C. mustnt they D. havent they 一、考查祈使句的动词形式 祈使句的典型特征就是以动词原形开头, 否定形式就是 dont 加动词原形。如: 1. Mary,_hereeverybody else, stay where you are. (2006 年全国卷 I) A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming 解析 2. Ive never seen anyone run so fast_David go. (2004 年浙江
23、卷) A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 解析 3. There are eight tips in Dr. Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is:_ to bed early unless you think it necessary. (2004 年重庆卷) A. doesnt go B. not to go C. not going D. dont go 解析 二、考查祈使句后附加疑问句的构成 祈使句后的附加疑问句一般用 will y
24、ou, 但在“Lets.”后用“shall we / shant we”,在“Let us / me / him”后用 “will you / wont you”。 4. If you want helpmoney or anything,let me know,_you? A. dont B. will C. shall D. do 解析 5. Dont smoke in the room,_? A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 解析 6. Be sure to write to us,_? A. will you B. arent
25、you C. can you D. mustnt you 7. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing,_? A. wont weB. doesnt she C. dont weD. shall we 解析 解析 三、考查祈使句的应答方式 祈使句所作应答是对自己未来的行为向对方所作的承诺, 承诺“要做什么”时, 说“I will”;承诺“不会做什么”时, 说“I won t”。如: 9. -Write to me when you get home. - _. A. I mustB. I shouldC. I will D. I can 解析 10. - Please
26、dont make a noise. - _. Ill be as quiet as a mouse. A. Yes, I wont B. No, I wontC. No, I will D. Yes, I will 解析 11. - Dont forget to come to my birthday tomorrow. - _. A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent (一)“祈使句”句首的动词形式。如: 12. Help others whenever you can_you will make the world a nicer place
27、to live in. A. and B. or C. unless D. but 解析 13._straight on and youll see a church. You wont miss it. A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going 14. - English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes. _more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C
28、. To know D. Known 15. _blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give (二)“祈使句”与“陈述句”之间连词的选择。祈使句相当于肯定的条件状语从句时,用连词 and; 祈使句相当于 if. not. 时,用 or / or else / otherwise。如: 16. -How can I apply for an online course? -Just fill out this form and we_what we can do for y
29、ou. A. see B. are seeing C. have seen_D. will see 17. Stand over there _youll be able to see it better. A. or B. while C. but D. and 18. Start out right away,_you ll miss the first train. A. and B. but C. or D. while (四)在该句型中连词 and 可用破折号替代。如: 21. _some of this juiceperhaps youll like it. A. Trying B
30、. Try C. To try D. Have tried 【高考链接】1.(09 湖南卷)32. You and I could hardly work together, ?A. could you B. couldnt I C. couldnt we D. could we【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句的用法。根据陈述部分是肯定形式,疑问部分用否定形式;反之。陈述部分中含有否定词 hardly,故疑问部分用肯定形式,主语是 you and i。故应选D。2.(09 辽宁)34. Its the first time that he has been to Australia, ? A.
31、 isnt he B. hasnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it 【答案】C【解析】考查反义疑问句。按照前肯后否的句式,主句反问,选 C 符合语法表达习惯。3.(09 陕西卷)16. He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, ? A. is he B. isnt he C. must he D. mustnt he 4.(09 四川卷)11. I wonder _ youll water this kind of flower. Every other day. A. how often B. how lon
32、g C. how soon D. how much 【答案】A 【解析】考查相似疑问词的区别。根据答语 Every other day 可知对方问的是多久浇一次这种花。how often 问频率,符合题意。5. a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. A. It has B. They haveC. It remains D. There remains【答案】D【解析】There be 结构。【考点定位】There be 结构。6.The little boy came riding
33、 full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _it was !(2007 上海,32) A.What a dangerous scene B.what dangerous a scene C.How a dangerous scene D.How dangerous the scene 【解析】本题考查感叹句,感叹句式的结构为:What(a)+adj.+n.+主语谓语!或How+adj./adv.+主语谓语!根据句子结构,答案选 A。此句也可以说成:How dangerous a scene it was. 7.Stand over there _youll be able to see it better.(2004 天津,22) A.or B.while C.bu tD.and 8.We forgot to bring our tickets ,but please let us enter,_? (2006 全国 II,7) A.do you B.can we C.will you D.shall we