1、- 1 -Chapter 8 Cargo Insurance、insurer 承保人 insured 投保人、承保范围风险 损失 费用海上风险 外来风险自然灾害意外事故一般外来风险特殊外来风险全部损失 部分损失实际全损推定全损共同海损单独海损施救费用 救助费用、 natural calamity(海上自然灾害)-Perils of sea(海上风险)fortuitous accidents(海上意外事故)general extraneous risks(一般外来风险)-Extraneous risks(外来风险)special extraneous risks(特殊外来奉献)、 actual
2、total loss(实际损失)-total loss(全部损失)constructive total loss(推定全损)general average(共同海损)-partial loss(部分损失) particular average(单独海损)、sue and labor expenses 施救费用(自救) salvage charges 救助费用(被救第三方)、 FPA - Free from particular (平安险)-basic coverage(基本险) WPA - with particular average (水渍险)All Risks(一切险)-Special
3、additional coverage(特殊附加险) 常用的有： TPND(偷盗及提货不着险) water rain damage(淡水雨淋险) war risk(战争险)strikes risk(罢工险) taint of odor(串味险)、计算题公式Insurance amount = CIF(CIP) price(1+ percentage of addition)Premium = insurance amount premium rate- 2 -、Insurance policy 保单：俗称大保险单或正式保险单，它是使用最多的普通保险单，用于承保一个指定的航区内某一批货物发生的损
4、失。Insurance certificate 保险凭证：俗称小保单，它是简化的保险合同，所以它也是保险公司表示接受承保的一种证明文件。二者区别：保险凭证具有与保险单同等的效力。但如果信用证内规定提供的是保险单时，受益人一般不能以保险凭证代替。、Land Transportation Insurance 陆运保险Air Transportation Insurance 空运保险Postal Transportation Insurance 邮政运输保险填空：T 1. In ocean marine insurance, the assured can recover more than act
5、ual loss provided that he can provide evidence of further losses contingent on the actual loss.F 2. In ocean marine insurance, general average is to be borne by the carrier, who may, upon presentation of evidence of the loss, recover the loss from the insurance underwriter.F 3. Partial loss or damag
6、e is never recoverable with FPA.T 4. Special additional coverages such as war risks, strikes and so on must be taken out together with FPA and WPA.F 5. In essence, open policy is the same as the insurance certificate.F 6. Ocean marine insurance covers ships and their cargo only on the high seas and
7、not on inland waterways.T 7. Without insurance, international trade is simply impossible to take place.F 8. Three types of risks are covered by ocean marine insurance, namely the perils of sea, the extraneous risks and the fore majeure.T 9. Ocean marine insurance covers two types of losses, partial
8、loss and total. Loss.Chapter 10 International Payment and Settlement、Credit Instruments(支付工具)1.bills of exchange(汇票)也叫 draft/bill-定义：An unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person (drawer)to another(drawee), signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to
9、pay on demand, or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money, to or to the order of ,a specified person(payee), or to bearer.汇票是由出票人签发的，委托付款人在见票时或在指定日期无条件支付确定金额给收款人或者其指定的人或持票人的票据。-当事人： drawer 出票人 drawee 受票人(付款人) payee 收票人(收款人)-出票：to issue(to draw)1）to draw and sign a draft- 3 -2）
10、to deliver it to the payee-背书：endorsement 承兑：acceptance-汇票的三种分类:1）According to the tenor 根据有效期限，分为：sight draft(即期汇票)和 time draft(远期汇票)2）According to the drawer and drawee 根据出票人和受票人，分为： bankers draft/bank draft(银行汇票)和 commercial bill/traders bill(商业汇票)3）According to whether or not shipping documents
11、are attched 根据是否有随附单据，分为：clean bill(光票)和 documentary bill(跟单汇票)2. promissory note(本票)-当事人：maker(出票人) payee(受款人)-分类：commercial promissory notes/traders notes(商业本票)bankers promissory notes/bankers notes(银行本票)3. cheque(支票)、Payment methods 支付方式1. remittance 汇付1）当事人包括：the remitter 汇款人(买方), the beneficiar
12、y 受益人(卖方), the remitting bank 汇出行, the paying bank 汇入行。2）种类：Mail Transfer(M/T)信汇，Telegraphic Transfer(T/T)电汇，Demand Draft(D/D)票汇。3）流程2. collection 托收1）当事人包括：Principal 委托人，Remitting bank 托收行，Collecting bank 代收行，Drawee 付款人。2）种类分为：documents against payment(D/P)付款交单documents against acceptance(D/A)承兑交单3
13、）条款4）流程3. letter of credit 信用证1）当事人包括：applicant 申请人(买方)，beneficiary 受益人(卖方)，opening bank/issuing bank 开证行，advising bank 通知行，negotiation bank 议付行，paying bank 付款行。- 4 -2）种类：Revocable Documentary Credit 可撤销信用证The Irrevocable Documentary Credit 不可撤销信用证1.The Payment at Sight 即期付款信用证2.The Acceptance 承兑信用证
14、3.The Negotiation 议付信用证3）步骤4）总流程4. 其他支付方式1)letter of guarantee(L/G)银行保函定义：指银行(保证人)根据委托人(被保证人)的申请，向受益人开立的担保履行某项义务的，有条件地承担经济赔偿责任的书面承诺文件。银行保函属于银行信用。2)standby L/C 备用信用证定义：指开证行根据开证申请人的请求对受益人开立的承诺担保某项义务的凭证。若申请人违约，受益人只要凭备用信用证规定的开证申请人的违约声明或文件，即可取得开证行的赔付。3)二者区别Chapter 11 Claims，Force Majeure and Arbitration、
15、Claims 索赔-定义： Claim can be defined as a demand made upon a person or persons for payment on a account of a loss sustained through its negligence.索赔是指在国际货物买卖过程中，因一方违反合同规定，直接和间接地给另一方造成损失，受损方向违约方提出要求损害赔偿的行为。- discrepancy and claim clause(异议于索赔条款) penalty clause(罚金条款)-种类：、Force Majeure 不可抗力-词：nature dis
16、asters 自然灾害 social disturbances 社会动乱-条款 1：If the shipment of the contracted good is prevented or delayed in whole or in party by 定义- 5 -reason of war, earthquake, flood, fire, storm, heavy snow or other causes of Force Majeure, the seller shall not be liable for non-performance of this contact. Howe
17、ver, the seller shall notify the buyer by cable or telex and furnish the letter by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade attesting such event or events.翻译：-条款 2：Any claim by the Buyer regarding the goods shipped should be filed wit
18、hindays after the arrival of the goods at the port/place of destination specified in the relative Bill of Lading and /or transport document and supported by a survey report issued by a surveyor approved by the seller. Claims in respect of matters within responsibility of insurance company, shipping
19、company ,/ other transportation organization will not be considered or entertained by the seller.翻译：、Arbitration 仲裁定义：Arbitration is the resolution of a dispute between two parties through a voluntary or contractually required hearing and determination by an impartial third party.仲裁是指买卖双方达成协议，自愿将有关争
20、议交给双方都同意的仲裁机构进行裁决，这个裁决是最终的，对双方当事人都有约束力，双方必须执行。Chapter 13 Business Negotiation and Establishment of Contract、Business Negotiation(商务磋商)-定义：Business Negotiation is an important part of conducting an export trade. It is the dealings between the seller and buyer in order to reach an agreement on price,
21、payment, quantity, quality, and other terms or conditions of a sale.、步骤：enquiry 询盘offer 报盘counter-offer 还盘acceptance 接受enquiry 询盘1)Invitation to make an bid 卖方询盘( 邀请递盘)2)Invitation to make an offer 买方询盘( 邀请发盘)offer 报盘- 6 -1)offer without engagement/non-firm offer 虚盘2) offer with engagement/firm offe
22、r 实盘构成实盘的必要条件the offeree must be specifiedthe offeror must show his attention to conclude a contract and abide by the contractthe offer must be definitethe offer must reach the offereecounter-offer 还盘A counter offer, in fact, is a rejection of the offer. Hence, it is a new offer and at the same time
23、, the original offer lapses.acceptance 接受接受的四个必要条件the acceptance must be made by the offereeacceptance must be show either by words of in written form.acceptance must be reach the offeror within the time of validityacceptance should not be conditional.、A contact can be worked out either by the selle
24、r or the buyer, and is called a sales contract or a purchase contract respectively. The same is also applicable to a sales confirmation or a purchase confirmation.Chapter 17 Agency, Distribution and Consignment1. Agency 代理定义：An agency is a relationship between one individual or legal entity (the age
25、nt) who represents, acts on behalf of, and binds another individual or legal entity (the principal) in accordance with the principals request or instruction.代理指出口人(委托人)通过协议授权代理人代表出口人向第三者招揽生意、签订合同或办理与交易有关的各项事宜，由此产生的权力与义务直接对委托人发生效力。2. Distribution 经销定义：Distribution is a channel of allocation of goods
26、to consumers from the manufacturers, which consists of distributors, wholesalers and retailers besides manufacturers.指进口商(即经销商)与国外出口商(即供货商) 达成协议，承担在规定期限和地域内购销指定商品的义务。3. Consignment 寄售定义：Consignment is the delivery of merchandise from an exporter (the consignor) to an agent (the consignee) under agre
27、ement that the agent sells the merchandise for the account of the exporter.寄售是指寄售人(出口商)先将准备销售的货物运往寄售地，委托国外代销商 (受托人)按照寄售协议规定的条件和办法代替货主进行销售，并在货物售出后，由代销商向寄售人结算货款的一种贸易做法。4. 词汇代理：agency 经销：distribution 寄售：consignment一般经销商：non-exclusive distributor 独家经销商：sole or exclusive distributor种类- 7 -总代理 general agent 独家代理 sole agent
