1、识别英语句子成分 识别英语句子成分 句子成份 句子的主体： 主语谓语 句成 份 句子成份： 主谓宾表定状补 主语 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，通常位于句首。 The sun rises in the east 主语的形式 Th i i th t The sun rises in the east. (名词) 1 位于句首 The sun rises in the east. He likes dancing. Tih t t i i h i t (名词) (代词) 数 1位于句首 Ten years is a short time in history. Seeing is believing
2、. (数词) (动名词) To see is to believe. What he needs is a book. (不定式) (主语从句) 主语的形式 主语的形式 2形式主语真正主语 形式主语 真正主语 It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 形式主语 真正主语 句型： Its adj. for sb. to do sth. Its adj. of sb. to do sth. It s adj. of sb. to do sth. Its no adj. (for sb.) doing sth.
3、 谓语 谓语是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或 状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主 谓语 状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主 语的后面。 I love you! We should help the poor . She practises running every morning. 1谓语的形式 Hfd hi? 1简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成 谓语的形式 How often do you go shopping? Why didnt you come back last night? 2情态动词助动词v You may keep the book for two weeks.
4、 3系动词表语. He has caught a bad cough. We are students. That idea sounds great! g 表语 说明主语是什么或怎么样。 表语 You look younger than before. Bob is a teacher.Bob is happy. (形容词) yg My father is a teacher. Everyone is here. (形容词) (名词) (副词) 介 They are at the theatre. My job is to teach them English. Her job is tra
5、ining the nurses (介词短语) (不定式) (动名词) Her job is training the nurses. That is why he didnt come to school yesterday. (动名词) (从句) 表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物 宾语 表 作象 或 受者， 于 动词或者介词之后。它和谓语动词一起说 明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。 宾语 He never argues with friends. He never argues with friends. He often helps me (名词) (代词) ed s . He
6、often helps me. How many do you need? We need two. He likes to sleep in the open air. (代词) (数词) (不定式) pp The Americans enjoyed living in China. I believe that they can finish the work in time. (动名词) (从句) 宾语的形式 1动词宾语 宾语的形式 H lik d i i 2介词宾语 He like dancing to music. 3双宾语 间接宾语(sb)直接宾语(sth) They are ta
7、lking about the movie. He gave me a book .He gave a book to me. Bob bought us a gift. Bob bought a gift for us. ( ) ( ) Bob bought us a gift. Bob bought a gift for us. 2宾语的形式 4形式宾语真正宾语 宾语的形式 I think it hard to finish this difficult job before Sunday. 形式宾语 真正宾语 句型： 句型： 主语find/think it adj. to do sth.
8、 宾语补足语 宾语补足语 补充说明宾语的情况 。由n. /adj. / 补充说明宾语的情况 。由 j 介宾 /分词 /不定式等担任。 Wed better keep the windows open 宾补的形式 此类动词有 宾补的形式 1“宾语名词” 此类动词有： call，name，make，find， choose think leave等。 We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor. choose，think，leave等。 2“宾语形容词” Do you think his idea wrong? We must keep our
9、 classroom clean. 此类动词有： think，believe，leave，drive， k k ih We cant leave him alone. make，keep，turn，wish， want等。 宾补的形式 副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态 宾补的形式 3“宾语副词” 副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态， 与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常 见的副词有：down，up，here， Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home. 见的副词有 ， p， ， there，home，in，out， anywhere等。 When got there，we foun
10、d him out. 4 “宾语介词短语” 介词短语作宾补常表示其 4 宾语介词短语 We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend. 介词短语作宾补常表示其 逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状 态，两者有主表的关系。 g g He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain. 3宾补的形式 5“宾语不定式” 宾补的形式 A ：带to的不定式。 The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B ：
11、不带to 的不定式 。 Th b d th k k 12 h d The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C： 注意help 后可加 to 或不加 to。 She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework. p 宾补的形式 宾补的形式 6“宾语现在分词” i 此时在该句型中的宾语 即为现在分词逻辑上的 I saw them playing on the playground. I heard Mary sin
12、ging in the classroom. 即为现在分词逻辑上的 主语，有着主谓关系。 7“宾语过去分词” 宾语和宾补之间是 宾语和宾补之间是 被动关系，过去分 词表示被动和完成。 I had my bike stolen. I speak loudly to make myself heard. 宾补的形式 宾补的形式 8形式宾语形容词 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday. 9 宾语what 从句 Call me what you like. Mr Li has made the factory what it is to
13、day 9宾语what 从句 Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today. The village is different from what it was ten years ago. 定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词 对名词或代词起修 定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词，对名词或代词起修 饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用 的表示 通常位于被修饰的成分前 的 表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。 The white bike is mine. The white bike is mine. Whats your name? (形容词) (代词) 名 T
14、hey made some paper flowers. The boys in the room are my friends. I have lots to eat and drink (名词) (介词短语) (不定式) I have lots to eat and drink. The tall boy who is standing there is Peter. (不定式) (从句) 4定语的形式 定语的形式 “后置定语” 修饰不定代词 thi thi thi 修饰不定代词 something，anything，nothing， something，anyone，somebody，a
15、nybody，nobody 的定语 必须后置 必须后置。 Well go to have something English. If you dont know the answer ask someone else If you don t know the answer，ask someone else. 介词短语作定语时要后置。 Do you know the boy behind the tree? The students in the room are all my friends. 定语的形式 定语的形式 “后置定语” 动词的不定式作定语时要后置 动词的不定式作定语时要后置 Wh
16、at about something to drink? I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring. Do you have any piece of music to listen to? i 等个别方位词作定 时要后置 We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below? nearby，below，downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。 The people downstairs are listening to a talk now
17、? They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once. 状语 状语 用来修饰v.，adj.，adv.，或句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结 1I will go there tomorrow. 果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 g 2The meeting will be held in the meeting room. 3The meat went bad because of the hot weather. 4He studies hard to learn English well. 状语 5 He didnt study hard s
18、o that he failed in the exam. 状语 6I like some of you very much. 7If you study hard，you will pass the exam. 8He goes to school by bike. 9 Though he is young he can do it well 9Though he is young，he can do it well. 5Sum up Sum up 句子成分口诀 主谓宾表定状补，七种成分记清楚。 句子主干主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补， 句子主干主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补， 定语修饰主宾表，宾语之后常有
19、补。 主谓人称数一致 状语位置最灵活。 主谓人称数 致，状语位置最灵活。 1 The students got on the school bus. 指出下列句子中红色部分是什么成分 主语 1 The students got on the school bus. 2He handed me the newspaper. 3He found it important to master English. 主语 宾语 宾补 4What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5They went hunting together early in the morning. 6 Hi j b i tti i 定语 谓语 表语 6 His job is to train swimmers. 7He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8 There is going to be an American film tonight 表语 状语 主语 8 There is going to be an American film tonight. 9He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 主语 状语 6
