1、GR1,Part Division of the Text,Parts,Lines,Main Ideas,1,2,3,117,1889,90102,Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language.,Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.,Tolerance, love of freedom, and respe
2、ct for the rights of others - these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language.,After-1.useful-1,Useful Expressions,1. 排行榜,2. 严格地说,3. 对我们真正至关重要的事,4. 发表演说,5.为了加强效果,a hit parade,strictly speaking,the things that really matter to us,make a speech,for effect,After-1.
3、useful-2,6.系统的研究,7.起源于,8.提出,9.向西漂泊,10.留传给我们,a systematic study,descend from,come up with,drift west,pass on to us,Useful Expressions,After-1.useful-3,11.日子过得开心,12.抚养孩子,13.平民百姓,14.印刷机,enjoy oneself,rear/raise a child,common people,a printing press,Useful Expressions,15.大量新思想,a wealth of new thinking,
4、After-1.useful-4,16.欧洲文艺复兴,17.失控,18.付诸实施,19.个人自由的崇尚者,the European Renaissance,be out of control,put into practice,a respecter of the liberties of each individual,Useful Expressions,20.开拓新路,strike out new paths,After-1.useful-5,21.培育了的准则,22.人权,23.知识精英,nourish the principles of ,the rights of man,an i
5、ntellectual elite,Useful Expressions,Article2_S,that Walkman is not desirable; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead - but they dont.Walkman is fascinating because it isnt even English. Strictly speaking, it,The government tries to ban words from English and
6、 declares,was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two simple English words together to name their product. That doesnt bother us, but it does bother the French. Such is the glorious messiness of English.,Article3_S,That happy tolerance, that willingness to accept words from anywhere, expl
7、ains the richness of English and why it has become, to a very real extent, the first truly global language.How did the language of a small island off the coast of Europe become the language of the planet - more widely spoken and written than any other has ever been? The history of English is present
8、 in the first words a child learns about identity (I, me, you); possession (mine, yours); the body (eye, nose, mouth); size (tall, short); and necessities (food, water). These words all come from Old English or Anglo-Saxon English, the core of our language.,Article4_S,Usually short and direct, these
9、 are words we still use today for the things that really matter to us.,Great speakers often use Old English to arouse our emotions. For example, during World War II, Winston Churchill made this speech, stirring the courage of his people against Hitlers armies,positioned to cross the English Channel:
10、 “ We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.”,Article5_S,Virtually every one of those words came from Old English, except the last - surrender, which came from Norman F
11、rench. Churchill could have said, “We shall never give in,” but it is one of the lovely - and powerful - opportunities of English that a writer can mix, for effect, different words from different backgrounds. Yet there is something direct to the heart that speaks to us from the earliest words in our
12、 language.,When Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 B.C., English did not exist. The Celts, who inhabited the land, spoke languages that survive today mainly as Welsh. Where those,languages came from is still a mystery, but there is a theory.,Article6_S,Two centuries ago an English judge in India no
13、ticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a common parent language, lost to us because nothing was written down.Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an I
14、ndo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and ot
15、hers drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe.,Article7,Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesars armies found in Britain.New words came with the Germanic tribes - the Angles, the Saxons, etc. - that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain i
16、n the 5th century. Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society.The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work.,They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter.,Article8,The next big influence on Engl
17、ish was Christianity. It enriched the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary with some 400 to 500 words from Greek and Latin, including angel, disciple and martyr.,Then into this relatively peaceful land came the Vikings from Scandinavia. They also brought to English many words that begin with sk, like sky and skir
18、t. But Old Norse and English both survived, and so you can rear a child (English) or raise a child (Norse). Other such pairs survive: wish and want, craft and skill, hide and skin. Each such addition gave English more richness, more variety.,Article9_S,Another flood of new vocabulary occurred in 106
19、6, when,the Normans conquered England. The country now had three languages: French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and English for the common people. With three languages competing, there were,sometimes different terms for the same thing. For example, Anglo-Saxons had the word kingly, but aft
20、er the Normans, royal and sovereign entered the language as alternatives. The extraordinary thing was that French did not replace English. Over three centuries English gradually swallowed French, and by the end of the 15th century what had developed was a modified, greatly enriched language - Middle
21、 English - with about 10,000 “borrowed” French words.,Article10_S,Around 1476 William Caxton set up a printing press in England and started a communications revolution. Printing brought into English the wealth of new thinking that sprang from the European Renaissance. Translations of Greek and Roman
22、 classics were poured onto the printed page, and with them thousands of Latin words like capsule and,habitual, and Greek words like catastrophe and thermometer. Today we still borrow from Latin and Greek to name new inventions, like video, television and cyberspace.,Article11_S,As settlers landed in
23、 North America and established the United States, English found itself with two sources - American and British. Scholars in Britain worried that the language was out of control, and,some wanted to set up an academy to decide which words were proper and which were not. Fortunately their idea has neve
24、r been put into practice.That tolerance for change also represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom.,Article12_S,Danish scholar Otto Jespersen wrote in 1905, “The English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great respecters of the liberties of each individ
25、ual and if everybody had not been free to strike out new paths for himself.”I like that idea. Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and rights of man in the modern world. The first shoots sprang up in England, and they grew
26、 stronger in America. The English-speaking peoples have defeated all efforts to build fences around their language.,Article13_S,Indeed, the English language is not the special preserve of grammarians, language police, teachers, writers or the intellectual elite. English is, and always has been, the
27、tongue of the common man.,Article1_W,THE GLORIOUS MESSINESS OF ENGLISH,The story of our English language is typically one of massive stealing from other languages. That is why English today has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words, while other major languages have far fewer.French, for
28、example, has only about 75,000 words, and that includes English expressions like snack bar and hit parade. The French, however, do not like borrowing foreign words because they think it corrupts their language.,Article1_W_Popwin_corrupt,The story of our English language is typically one of massive s
29、tealing from other languages. That is why English today has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words, while other major languages have far fewer.French, for example, has only about 75,000 words, and that includes English expressions like snack bar and hit parade. The French, however, do not
30、 like borrowing foreign words because they think it corrupts their language.,corrupt: vt.,1) cause errors to appear in,The Academy ruled that such foreign expressions were not permitted, as they corrupted the language.,Has Japanese been corrupted by the introduction of foreign words?,2),cause to act
31、 dishonestly in return for personal gains,To our great surprise, the former mayor turned out to have been corrupted by the desire for money and power.,To gain more profits, the businessman tried every means to corrupt the officials in the local government.,THE GLORIOUS MESSINESS OF ENGLISH,Article1_
32、S_Popwin_THE GLORIOUS ,The story of our English language is typically one of massive stealing from other languages. That is why English today has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words, while other major languages have far fewer.French, for example, has only about 75,000 words, and that i
33、ncludes English expressions like snack bar and hit parade. The French, however, do not like borrowing foreign words because they think it corrupts their language.,THE GLORIOUS MESSINESS OF ENGLISH,1) Translate the title into Chinese.,2) What kind of rhetorical device is used in the title?,英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱
34、无章现象.,The rhetorical device used here is called oxymoron (矛盾修饰法). An oxymoron puts two contradictory terms together to puzzle the reader, luring him/her to pause and explore why. Here “Glorious” is a commendatory(褒义的) term, while “Messiness” is derogatory(贬义的). As the reader reads on, he/she will kn
35、ow that English is messy, but the messiness reflects some commendable qualities of English, such as tolerance, the love of freedom, and the respect for others rights. At this point the reader cannot but admire the authors ingenuity.,Article2_S_popwin_ which French kids ,that Walkman is not desirable
36、; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead - but they dont.Walkman is fascinating because it isnt even English. Strictly speaking, it,The government tries to ban words from English and declares,was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two simple Engli
37、sh words together to name their product. That doesnt bother us, but it does bother the French. Such is the glorious messiness of English.,Paraphrase this part of the sentence.,French children are expected to say the word “balladeur” instead of “Walkman” but they dont say it.,Article2_S_popwin_ Such
38、is the ,that Walkman is not desirable; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead - but they dont.Walkman is fascinating because it isnt even English. Strictly speaking, it,The government tries to ban words from English and declares,was invented by the Japanese m
39、anufacturers who put two simple English words together to name their product. That doesnt bother us, but it does bother the French. Such is the glorious messiness of English.,What can we know about the authors attitude towards English from this sentence?,He thinks much of it.,Article2_W,that Walkman
40、 is not desirable; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead - but they dont.Walkman is fascinating because it isnt even English. Strictly speaking, it,The government tries to ban words from English and declares,was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put
41、 two simple English words together to name their product. That doesnt bother us, but it does bother the French. Such is the glorious messiness of English.,Article2_W_Popwin_ban1,that Walkman is not desirable; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead - but they
42、dont.Walkman is fascinating because it isnt even English. Strictly speaking, it,The government tries to ban words from English and declares,was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two simple English words together to name their product. That doesnt bother us, but it does bother the French
43、. Such is the glorious messiness of English.,ban: 1. vt. forbid (sth.) officially,Pattern:,ban sth.; ban sb. from sth./doing sth.,The local government will ban smoking in all offices later this year.,Tom was banned from driving for six months after being caught speeding again.,Lady Chatterleys Lover
44、 was banned when it was first published.,Article2_W_Popwin_ban2,that Walkman is not desirable; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead - but they dont.Walkman is fascinating because it isnt even English. Strictly speaking, it,The government tries to ban words
45、from English and declares,was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two simple English words together to name their product. That doesnt bother us, but it does bother the French. Such is the glorious messiness of English.,CF: ban, forbid & prohibit这三个词都可用作及物动词，表示“禁止”。ban 语气最重，指权威机关“正式禁止”。一般
46、含有“严厉谴责”的意思，只能用于严重危害公众利益的事物。例如：,The treaty bans all nuclear tests.,He forbade his children sweets because he didnt want their teeth to be ruined.,In some countries the sale of alcoholic beverages is prohibited.,该条约禁止一切核试验。,forbid,是普通用词，可用于较细小的事物。例如：,他不许孩子们吃糖果，因为他不希望他们的牙齿蛀坏。,prohibit,指“（通过法律、法令或严正警告）
47、禁止某些事物”，应用范围较ban广。例如：,在一些国家, 出售含酒精的饮料是被禁止的。,Article2_W_Popwin_ban3,that Walkman is not desirable; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead - but they dont.Walkman is fascinating because it isnt even English. Strictly speaking, it,The government tries to ban wor
48、ds from English and declares,was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two simple English words together to name their product. That doesnt bother us, but it does bother the French. Such is the glorious messiness of English.,ban: 2. n. a prohibition imposed by law or official decree (follow
49、ed by on),The government is considering a total ban on cigarette advertising.,The ban on human cloning is welcomed by most countries in the world.,Article2_W_Popwin_invent1,that Walkman is not desirable; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead - but they dont.
50、Walkman is fascinating because it isnt even English. Strictly speaking, it,The government tries to ban words from English and declares,was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two simple English words together to name their product. That doesnt bother us, but it does bother the French. Such is the glorious messiness of English.,
