1、专题六 书面表达,技法指导佳作鉴赏,分类突破,栏目索引,1.审。“审”即审题。审题时一定要做到全面。全面的审题包括五个方面：审文体，审人称，审格式，审时态，审要点。2.列。“列”即列要点。表达出全部的要点是得高分的基本保证，漏掉要点得分档次就会降低。因此，要列出所有需要表达的要点，做好写作准备。3.造。“造”即造句。列出全部要点之后，把要点扩充成完整的句子。造句时要结合时态、人称等，准确选词，选择运用所学的句型句式，准确表达各个要点。这一步骤的要求是：词汇要高级，句式要多变。,写作步骤,技法指导佳作鉴赏,4.连。“连”即连句成段。灵活、巧妙而恰当地运用衔接过渡词，利用好“启、承、转、合”四方法
2、使文章流畅自然。还可以适当添加细节，使文章的内容更加完善、全面。5.改。“改”即修改。阅读整篇文章，检查文章是否包括所有要点，发现并改正文章中的错误，如单词拼写、词语搭配、人称、时态、语态、主谓一致、句式、从句的引导词、标点符号、大小写等。6.抄。“抄”即抄写。经过修改无误之后，工整地把文章抄到答题区域。,写作技巧1.写好五种基本句型，确保写对简单句熟练运用五种基本句型是写作的基本要求。(1)主语谓语。该句型常用来表示主语的动作或状态。句型中的谓语动词能表达完整的意思。要用不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语，动词后不能直接跟宾语，但可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等状语。,After that，
3、I set out to read widely for an inspiring topic.(2016浙江)This camp will open on July 20th.(2015北京),(2)主语谓语宾语。该句型中的谓语动词要用及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。谓语动词本身的意义不够完整，后面必须跟宾语。作宾语的成分可以是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等。Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show.(2016全国)I appre
4、ciated my maths teachers praise and encouragement very much.(2015湖南),(3)主语系动词表语。该句型侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词常用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等。The theme of the show is environmental protection.(2016全国)The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.(2015全国),(4)主
5、语谓语间接宾语直接宾语。该句型中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是指人的间接宾语，一个是指物的直接宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。有时也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，此时需要在间接宾语前加介词for或to。I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.(2016全国 )First，he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.(2015北京),(5)主语谓语宾语宾语补足语。该句型中的谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语
6、还不能表达完整的意思，必须要加上一个补足成分来说明宾语。能作宾语补足语的成分有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等。In fact，he inspires me to major in English in college，to be a bridge between China and the world.(2016北京)Id like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday.(2015全国),2.掌握四种并列关系，写好用好并列句由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上独立的句
7、子就是并列句。其句式特点是：句子之间用逗号连词或分号隔开。并列连词的分类：(1)同等并列关系：and，both.and.，not only.but also.等。I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection.(2016全国)On-line voting becomes increasingly popular，and many competitions get people involved in it.(2016江苏)It not only
8、affects our everyday life，but may also threaten peoples lives.(2015江苏),(2)选择关系：or，otherwise，either.or.，neither.nor.等。He neither drinks，smokes，nor eats meat.Put on your coat，or youll catch a cold.(3)转折关系：but，while等。It is beneficial to some people，while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vo
9、te or not.(2016江苏)Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place.(2015浙江),(4)因果关系：so，for等。So my classmates and I had a discussion and wrote a report.(2014北京)The boy，being poor，couldnt afford even a candle，so he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light fro
10、m his neighbors house to read at night.(2015福建),3.熟悉三大复合句式，恰当运用高级句型恰当运用两三个高级句式是获得高分的必备条件。(1)定语从句。定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句，有多种形式。最常用的是as和which引导的非限制性定语从句。Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.(2016全国)Well also spend some fun time together，singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope wi
11、ll make them happy.(2015全国),(2)名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。其中what、that引导的名词性从句是写作中常见的高级表达方式。what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或者定语，而that在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义，只起连接作用。I have just found that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon.(2016全国),(3)状语从句。状语从句包括时间、地点、条件、目的、原因、方式、结果、让步、比较状语从句。状语从句也是考生掌握相对较好
12、的一种从句类型。We can set out early so that well have more time to read and select books.(2016全国)I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school.(2016全国),4.巧妙遣词造句，实现句式升级(1)多用被动结构Therefore，rules should be worked out and strictly observed.(2016江苏)A week before Earth Da
13、y，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.(2016北京)(2)巧用特殊句式If not，let me know what time suits you best.(2016全国)It is not the story itself but what is in the story that counts.(2015福建),(3)善用分词结构A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around
14、 our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.(2016北京)It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.(2015全国) Thinking that his solution might be wrong，I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.(20
15、15湖北),佳作鉴赏(一)(2016全国)假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外资公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Ms.Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。,Dear Ms.Jenkins，I want to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and Im writing to ask you for some help.In order to earn some extra money
16、and reduce my familys burden，Id like to go to a foreign capital company to find a part-time job.Ive finished the application form and personal resume.But Im not sure if they are written well enough to catch their eye.Please refer to the attachments which include the application form and resume.You c
17、an correct any mistakes you find in them.,满分作文,Id appreciate it if you could help me revise them.Looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua,1.覆盖了所有的内容要点并且适当发挥，交代了事情的前因后果，使得文章的语境更加充分，符合逻辑。2.用了较多的高级词汇，如：extra，reduce，application，attachment等。熟练运用了一些短语如：ask sb.for help，reduce ones burden，catch
18、ones eye，refer to等，使文章生动。3.所用句式灵活多变。文章中使用了多种句式，如Im not sure if.，which引导的定语从句，Id appreciate it if you could do.等。4.恰当使用了语句间的连接成分，如：in order to.，but使得全文结构紧凑，上下文连贯，衔接自然。,名师点评,(二)(2015全国)假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：1.栏目介绍；2.稿件内容；3.稿件长度：约400词； 4.交稿日期：6月28日前。注意：1.词数100左右； 2.
19、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头语已为你写好。,Dear Peter，Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.,Dear Peter，Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper. The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles
20、 written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals，and the life of American high school students.,
21、满分作文,You can write anything relevant so long as its interesting and informative.400 words would be fine.Could we have your article before June 28?Im looking forward to hearing from you.Yours，Li Hua,1.覆盖了所有的内容要点。2.应用了较多的高级词汇和短语，如：relevant，informative，carry articles，spend holidays and festivals等。这使文章增
22、色不少。3.句式丰富多变。文章中使用了多种句式，如how引导的宾语从句，so long as引导的条件状语从句，非谓语动词短语written by.，以及客套委婉词would的恰当运用等。,名师点评,返回,分类突破(一)提纲作文解题指导提纲作文是高考试题中最为常见的书面表达命题方式之一，通常会以中文、英文、中文英文、文字表格、文字图片等不同的形式给出要点，并要求考生根据所列要点组织语言，将所列要点完整、清晰地表达出来。需要注意以下几点：1.仔细研读题目。确定所写文章的主题、人称、时态及写作内容等。,分类突破,2.分析整合要点。对所给要点进行分析并重新整合，适当进行细节扩展。重新整合信息是为了根
23、据要点间的逻辑关系和相似性等将信息分为若干部分。3.确定文章体裁。根据题目要求及要点的特征来进一步确定文章的体裁，根据要点的逻辑关系来确定文章的整体框架和具体段落，并根据重新整合的信息来确定每个段落的具体内容。4.斟酌具体表达。根据要点的关键词来确定所用的具体词汇及搭配。根据要点的内容及确立的文体特点来选择使用何种句型。根据文体信息选择合适的句型、适时地交叉使用不同的句型。,实战演练假设你是李华，准备参加学校举办的主题为“健康成长”的英语作文比赛。请按要求写一篇短文，主要内容包括：1.乐观的人生态度；2.努力学习；3.参加体育锻炼。注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
24、； 3.文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。,We all want to grow up happily and healthily，and for this goal we must do several things.,构思要点,请写出要点提纲,范文赏析,We all want to grow up happily and healthily，and for this goal we must do several things.Firstly，we should develop a good attitude to life.Life consists of not only sunshi
25、ne but also hard time.We should be brave in face of various difficulties.Secondly，we must study hard because knowledge is power.If we have the power，we can help to build our country and enjoy life better.In order to study well，we need to do sports so that we can keep fit.We can go running，play ball
26、games or simply take a walk after a days study.If we do these things well，we will be able to grow up happily and healthily.,欣赏并背诵满分作文,作文升级,We all want to grow up happily and healthily，and for this goal we must do several things.Firstly，we should develop a good attitude to life. (生活中不仅有阳光，还有困难；用倒装句)
27、(面对各种困难时，我们应该勇敢；用过去分词短语作状语)Secondly， (毫无疑问，知识就是力量；用固定句型)， so we must study hard.If we have,依据括号内提示改写满分作文,Not only does life consist of sunshine but also hard time.,Faced with various difficulties， we,should be brave.,there is no doubt that knowledge is power,答案,the power，we can help to build our cou
28、ntry and enjoy life better. (此外，而且)，in order to study well，we need to do sports so that we can keep fit.We can go running，play ball games or simply take a walk after a days study.If we do these things well，we will be able to grow up happily and healthily.,Furthermore/In addition/Whats more,答案,对点训练,假
29、定你是李华，你校下个月将举行“旧书捐赠”活动，所捐图书将送给西部贫困山区的学校。请给你的英国朋友查理写封信，向他介绍此次活动的有关情况，要点如下：1.活动目的；2.活动内容；3.活动意义。参考词汇：旧书捐赠：Used Books Donation Campaign注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。,Dear Charlie，How is everything going with you these days? Do you have similar campaigns in your school？If so，could yo
30、u please let me know how they are conducted?Yours，Li Hua,参考范文,Dear Charlie，How is everything going with you these days?_,In order to fuel our efforts to save the planet and raise public awareness of environmental issues，a “Used Books Donation Campaign” will be carried out in our school next month.An
31、y used books that we no longer need can be donated and all the collected books will be donated to schools in poor mountainous areas of West China.,答案,_Do you have similar campaigns in your school？If so，could you please let me know how they are conducted?Yours，Li Hua,Im sure this campaign will have a
32、 great effect on everyone involved. On one hand，we can play a part in recycling resources for the protection of the environment.On the other hand，children in poor areas will benefit from these used books because its difficult for them to have access to such extra-curricular books.,答案,分类突破(二)图画作文解题指导
33、图画类作文以图画和文字相结合的方式呈现内容要点，其难点在于如何将图画语言转化为逻辑语言。只有读懂图画所蕴含的深刻道理才能有的放矢。需注意以下几点：1.仔细观察图画。图画中的每一个要素对表达图画的寓意都有提示作用，注意图画中每一个要素提供的信息。2.品味图画文字。图画配有的语言文字言简意赅，认真思考这些文字所隐含的观点，使之成为弄清图画寓意的钥匙。,3.挖掘深刻内涵。图画背后隐藏的深刻寓意才是图画要揭示的真正主题。挖掘出图画寓意是写作的关键所在。4.适度联想发挥。图画作文一般要求做适度的联想发挥，使上下文更好地衔接。但是要注意，一定要根据图画，做到合情合理。5.描写虚实结合。对于图画中的内容，要
34、分清主次，详略得当。6.做好衔接过渡。在适度发挥的前提下，注意连词的使用，达到浑然一体的效果。,实战演练学校即将举办“读书节”，目前正广泛征集“读书节”宣传册图片。假设你是该校学生潘阳， 你已找到以下三幅图片， 决定给读书节组委会写一封信，推荐其中一幅，你的信须包括以下内容： 1.简单描述你想推荐的那幅图片； 2.阐述你用这幅图片宣传“读书节”的理由。,注意：词数100左右。,构思要点,请写出要点提纲,范文赏析,Dear Sir/Madam，Im writing to recommend a picture of three students enjoying discussing the b
35、ooks around the table.Reading is mostly a personal activity，but it can also be a sharing experience.More often than not，we are so amazed by the genius of the writer and cant help sharing with classmates or friends，who turn out to be impressed as well.The moment we mention the book，the passion and en
36、thusiasm will explode，which can never be gained on our own.This is my ideal picture of readingreading and sharing，and thus we have a better understanding.,欣赏并背诵满分作文,To sum up，reading，instead of being dull and isolating，can be full of participation and common interest.I sincerely hope that you will t
37、ake my suggestion into consideration and Im looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely，Pan Yang,作文升级,Dear Sir/Madam，Im writing to recommend a picture of three students enjoying discussing the books around the table.Reading is mostly a personal activity，but it can also be a sharing experienc
38、e.More often than not， (我们会对作者的天分感到很吃惊，以至于我们会忍不住和同学或朋友一起分享；用倒装句)，who turn out to be impressed as well.The moment we mention the book，the passion and enthusiasm will explode，,依据括号内提示改写满分作文,答案,so amazed by the genius of the writer are we that we cant help sharing with classmates or friends,which can n
39、ever be gained on our own. (这就是我理想中的阅读场景；用倒装句)reading and sharing，and thus we have a better understanding.To sum up，reading，instead of being dull and isolating，can be full of participation and common interest. (如果你能考虑我的建议我将不胜感激；用I would appreciate it if.句式) and Im looking forward to your early reply
40、.Yours sincerely，Pan Yang,答案,Such is my ideal picture of reading,could take my suggestion into consideration,I would appreciate it if you,对点训练,假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你在伦敦冬令营期间与同学们自行前往博物馆的完整过程，并以“My Experience in London”为题，给校刊“英语园地”写一篇英文稿件。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。,My Experience in Londo
41、nLast winter vacation，my classmates and I went to London to attend a winter camp.,参考范文,My Experience in LondonLast winter vacation，my classmates and I went to London to attend a winter camp.,答案,To better understand the history and culture of the city，we scheduled a “museum trip”.On Saturday morning
42、we got up early and studied the map carefully to work out the route.One of my classmates suggested going there by bus to enjoy the street view.It was a long ride，so when we got off the double-decker bus，we seemed to lose our way.The streets looked busy and strange，and we had to ask a passer-by for h
43、elp.,She pointed out the right direction and wished us a good day.Thanks to the friendly woman，we finally got to our destination.It took us some effort，but we witnessed the real beauty of the city.The experience also enabled us to practice our English.What a terrific experience！,答案,分类突破(三)图表作文解题指导图表
44、类作文一般是在图、表中给出一定的内容和情景，要求考生根据图表信息，准确、客观地反映图表内容，并加以分析，进而得出结论，旨在考查学生从图表中获取信息、并转化成文字信息的能力。需注意以下几点：1.细心研读图表。认清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，抓住其主要特点，根据图表所显示的中心信息确定主题、内容层次以及主题句。,2.确定主题段落。分析重组信息，根据信息的不同性质确定具体段落，列出各段的主题句。对所给信息的表述要采用不同的表达方法，即使用不同的词汇、短语、句式等。3.深化阐述主题。末段通常用于深化主题，对全文进行总结，发表个人观点。结论一定要客观，不可妄加评断。,实战演练假如你是
45、李华，你校将承办2016年中美中学生夏令营，请你写信给美方代表John，告知活动相关信息并征求对方意见。日程安排如下：,注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：中美中学生夏令营Sino-American High School Summer Camp,构思要点,请写出要点提纲,范文赏析,Dear John，Our school will host the 2016 Sino-American High School Summer Camp and you are welcome to participate.As scheduled，you need to a
46、rrive at our school on the morning of July 18th and sort out your accommodations.A wonderful opening ceremony will be held on July 19th.Then from July 20th to 24th，a series of activities about the cultures of both countries such as Opera Show will be presented，which will undoubtedly leave you an amazing impression and make your experience here unforgettable.As for our arrangements，,
