1、2015 年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类(B 级)试题第 1 部分：词汇选项( 第 1。15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定 1个意义最为接近的选项。1 I believe that her account of what happened is very accurate.A simple B precise C vivid D close2 He based his conclusion on the evidence given by the prisoner.A offered B worked C made D sa
2、tisfied3 The union called off the strike at the last minute yesterday.A cancelled B staged C lengthened D organized4 I have earned a lot of money, but that is not the issue.A goal B task C key D point5 There has been a lot of debate among us about the necessity to save moneyA talk B suggestions C di
3、scussion D ideas6 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in October.A show B mark C record D carry7 He endured unbearable agonies before he finally passed away.A left B relaxed C died D slept8 0il leaking from a boat or ship may pose a hazard to drinking water.A odor B disease C danger D
4、smell9 The firemen made a spectacular rescue yesterday.A timely B wonderful C clever D cooperative10 She was unwilling to go, but she had no choice.A ready B angry C sorry D reluctant11.It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.A heard of B rubbed out C looked at D spoken out12.He came back
5、 home fatigued.A exhausted B scared C worried D frightened13.The woman living next door is extremely slender.A slim B tall C weak D pale14.Your accusation is wholly without foundation.A almost B probably C evidently D completely15.He was obsessed with American horror movies.A kept thinking about B t
6、ook advantage ofC paid no attention to D cared nothing about第 2 部分：阅读判断( 第 1622 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye HealthEven people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision los
7、s and need to get baseline (基线) eye exams at age 40, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology The reminder (提示) is part of the AAOs EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February.“Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs,“ Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux,a initical correspondent
8、 for the AAO, said in a prepared statement. “Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities. “Based on the findings from the initial screening, an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams.People of any age who have s
9、ymptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes (糖尿病) or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked, the AAO recommends.By 2020, 43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or bli
10、ndness due to age-related eye diseases such as cataracts (白内障) and glaucoma (青光眼 ) Thats a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases.But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are very
11、concerned about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain and joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.16 People with no signs of eye disease dont need any eye exams.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 Changes in vis
12、ion cannot affect peoples lives.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 Theres a great shortage of eye doctors in the US.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 High blood pressure is one of the risk factors for eye disease.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 0lder people are at higher risk for vision loss or bli
13、ndness.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 Most Americans are worried about the risk of vision loss.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Weight gain and joint or back pain are big worries in Europe.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子( 第 2330 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6
14、 个选项中为第 25 段 ,每段选择 1 个最佳标题;(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。The Ebola OutbreakYou are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat
15、 of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carrier of the virus.2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within t
16、heir borders.3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West African countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne viral outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person.Specifically, E
17、bola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early a
18、s two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an over
19、stimulation of the bodys inflammatory response, causing the flu- like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the bodys normal clotting mechanism (凝血机制), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion 灌注) ultimately lead to organ failure and death.6
20、 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the worlds most fatal viral infections; Ebolas fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.23、Paragraph 224、Paragraph 325、Paragraph 426、Paragraph 5A Am I
21、at risk of contracting the virus?B How do I know if I have contracted the virus?C What caused the Ebola outbreak?D What exactly does Ebola do to the body?E Is the current outbreak the deadliest?F What areas are currently affected727 The initial Ebola outbreak was found in28 The difference between SA
22、RS and Ebola viruses I29 The symptoms of the patients after being infected30 The Ebola virus transmits by contact with lies in may first appearA infected body fluidsB the mode of transmissionC within a wide range of daysD three countries in West AfricaE against the outbreak severityF the initial day
23、s of being infected第 4 部分：阅读理解( 第 31 45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1个最佳选项。第一篇More Americans Getting High Blood PressureThe number of Americans with high blood pressure is on the rise thanks in large part to growing rates of obesity (过度肥胖) , researchers said on Tuesday.But in
24、creasing numbers of those with high blood pressure, also called hypertension, are getting the condition treated, researchers from the US governments National Institutes of Health ( NIH) wrote in the journal Hypertension.High blood pressure can lead to stroke, heart attack, heart failure or kidney (肾
25、)failure. It is sometimes called the “silent killer“ because it has no symptoms, and many people have it for years without knowing it.Data spanning six years through 2004 showed that 29 percent of US adults had high blood pressure, compared t0 24 percent in the six-year period ending in 1994, theres
26、earchers said.“The percentage of the population with high blood pressure is increasing,“ Dr. Jeffrey Cutler of the NIHs National Heart, Lung, a telephone interview.Some of the leading factors behind high blood pressure overweight, not getting regular physical activity, smoking and too The study show
27、ed blacks continued to have higher rates of whites.going the wrong way-its and Blood Institute said in include being obese or much salt in the diet.high blood pressure than During the 1999-2004 period, 61 percent of those with high blood pressure were undergoing treatment for it and 35 percent had t
28、heir blood pressure under control, the researchers said. A number of different drugs are used to treat hypertension.The findings were based on data on a nationally representative sample of 16,351 US adults for 1988-1994 and 14,430 adults for 1999-2004.31 The number of Americans with hypertension isA
29、 smaller than before.B greater than before.C the same as before.D hard to calculate.32 Hypertension may lead toA stroke.B heart attack.C kidney failure.D all of the above.33 Hypertension is sometimes calledA its causes remain unknown.B it often has no symptoms.C its a lifelong condition.D its treate
30、d secretly.34 Twenty-nine percent of US adultsA during the 1988-2004 period.B during the 1994-1999 period.C during the 1999-2004 period.D during the 1988-1994 period.35. Which of the following is NOT a likely cause of hypertension?A Constant smoking.B Obesity or overweight.C Regular physical activit
31、y.D Too much salt in the diet.New US Plan for Disease PreventionUrging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart dis
32、ease, cancer and diabetes (糖尿病) .The initiative (倡议 ) highlights the cost of chronic diseases-the leading causes of death in the United States-and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.“In the United States today, 7 0f 10 deaths and the vast majorit
33、y of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,“ the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.The causes are often behavioral-smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise. “I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health
34、is a smart policy choice for our future,“ Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative. “Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices. “Thompson said heart disease
35、 and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003. “These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives,“ he said.The $15 million is scheduled to go to communities to pro
36、mote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more. Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists (
37、营养学家)who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening. If such cancers were all caught by early screening,
38、 the Society estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise t0 95 percent.36 The $15 million program is aimed atA promoting disease prevention.B building more sidewalks.C helping needy communities.D wiping out chronic diseases.37 Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the
39、US?A They account for 70% of all deaths.B They are responsible for most of the health care costs.C They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.D They are largely preventable.38 The author mentions the following as ways of disease prevention exceptA better dietB more exerciseC reduction on smoking.D da
40、ily screening.39 The passage indicates that more money spent on disease prevents will mean .A greater responsibility of the governmentB less money needed for disease treatmentC higher costs of health careD more lifestyle choices for people40.Early cancer screening can help reduce significantlyA the
41、death rates for all chronic diseasesB the kinds of cancer attacking peopleC the cancer incidence rateD the cancer death rate第三篇Dangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies. a new study suggests .These babies may grow into
42、 adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes. .Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes or because their mothers are under-nourish-many people who live at high altitu
43、des are relatively poor compared with those living tower down.To find out more, Dino Giussain and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz is the highest c
44、ity in the world. At 3. 65 kilometer above sea level, while Santa Cruze is much lower. at 0. 44 kilometers.Sure enough Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. “This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to
45、poor family in Setnta Cruz were behavior on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty (地势极高的)La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,“ says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitudes are deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release that regul
46、ate growth of the unborn child,“ says Giussani. His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus ( 胚胎) starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.Giussani wants
47、to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary (冠状的) heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed
48、 to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.41 What does the new study discover?A Babies born to wealthy families are heavier. .B Newborns in cities are lighter than average.C Low-altitude babies have a high risk of health disease in later lifeD Women living at high altitudes tend to give birt
49、h to underweight .42 Giussani and his team are sure thatA people living in La Paz are poor than those in Santa Cruz.B the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above average.C babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than those in Santa Cruz,D mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished.43 It can be inferred from what Giussani says 铺 Paragraph 4 thatA he was very tired. .:B the finding was unexpected.C the study took longer than expected.D he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz44 The results of the study indica:k3 the reason for the birth
