1、 12009 年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（C 级）试 题第 1 部分：词汇选项（第 115 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分）下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。1 Id very much like to know what your aim in life is.A thought B ideaC goal D plan2 The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stakeA in danger B in difficultyC in despair D out of c
2、ontrol3 Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.A Certainly B ProbablyC Almost D Absolutely4 Mary rarely speaks to Susan.A slowly B seldomC weakly D constantly5 Im working with a guy from LondonA teacher B studentC friend D man6 Youd better put these docu
3、ments in a safe placeA dark B secureC guarded D banned7 The courageous boy has been the subject of massive media coverage.A extensive B continuousC instant D quick8 The town is famous for its magnificent buildingsA high-rise B modernC ancient D splendid29 The great change of the city astonished all
4、the visitors.A surprised B scaredC excited D moved10 Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the last ten years.A future B farC past D near11 Would you please call my husband as soon as possible?A visit B phoneC consult D invite12 We had a long conversation about her parentsA speech B
5、questionC talk D debate13 The chairman proposed that we stop the meeting.A stated B announcedC demanded D suggested14 Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis.A lived on B depended onC believed in D joined in15 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a recor
6、dA beats B maintainsC matches D tries第 2 部分：阅读判断（第 1622 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分）下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Radiocarbon DatingNowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon (放射性碳), or carbon-1
7、4, dating. One key to understanding how and by something happened is to discover when it happened.Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at he University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon-12, has six protons(中子) and six neutrons (质子) in i
8、ts nucleus. Carbon-14, or C-14, is a radioactive, unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons (原子核). It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay 3(衰减). This process involves the loss of he extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus.In Libbys radiocarbon dating t
9、echnique, the weak radioactive emissions (放射) from his decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. He decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated.Carbon-14 is produced in the Earths atmosphere when nitrogen (氮)-14, or
10、N-14,interacts with cosmic rays (宇宙射线). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the mount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently, C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms in the atmosphere is known. Most scien
11、tists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years.All life on Earth is made of organic molecules (分子) that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues (组织). Once
12、 an organism (有机体) dies it tops taking in carbon in any form, and the C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases, and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample, the older that s
13、ample is.16 Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objectsA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years oldA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutronsA Right B Wrong C Not menti
14、oned19 Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 years.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 When an organism dies, the C-14 in it begins to decay.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 T
15、he half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 years.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 2330 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分）下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：（1）第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 14段每段 1 选择个最佳标题；（2）第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个确定 1 个最佳选项。Meet Your Memory41 Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thou
16、ght to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a good memory.2 Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to l
17、earning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed; and (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed.3 Memory consists of at least two different processes: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory has a li
18、mited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.4 One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the m
19、emory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free-recall learning you recall the material in any order; in serial learning you recall it in the order it was presented; and in paired-associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first w
20、ord is given you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition, in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to l
21、earn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measu
22、re than recall.23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 2 25 Paragraph 3 26 Paragraph 4 A Why do we forget things?B How do we measure memory?C What are the stages memory consists of?D What is the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?E What is memory?F Who may have a poor memory?27 Rememberin
23、g involves getting the material back out when it is 28 Grouping bits of information into larger chunks helps improve the capacity ofour 29 Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity and a 530 As a measure of memory, relearning is more sensitive than A short-term memoryB relearningC neededD co
24、dedE recognitionF slow forgetting rate第 4 部分：阅读理解（第 3145 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分）下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。第一篇Light Night, Dark StarsThousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the
25、view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer (天文学家) with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) in Boulder, Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, theyre lucky to see 150 stars.If youve ever driven toward a big cit
26、y at night and seen its glow from a great distance, youve witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office (照亮 ) the night buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates sky. This haze (朦胧) of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even
27、at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult.Dust and particles of pollution from factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. “If one city has a lot more light pollution than another,“ Ward says, “that city will suffer the effects of l
28、ight pollution on a much greater scale.“Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs.Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring (使变模糊) the faint (微弱的) light given off by distan
29、t stars. And if scientists cant locate these objects, they cant learn more about them.Light pollution doesnt only affect star visibility. It can harm wildlife too. Its clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. Theres increasing evidence, for example, that migrating
30、(迁徙) birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr., a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina. “When light occurs at night,“ he says, “it has a very disruptive (破坏性的) influence.“ Sometimes 6birds fly into lighted towers, high-rises, and cables from radio
31、 and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.31 On a clear night, people can seeA 150 stars.B hundreds of stars.C one thousand stars.D more than 14,000 stars.32 Light pollution occurs whenA artificial lights illuminate the night sky.B the moon lights up the
32、 night sky.C too many stars are visible in the night skyD streetlights are turned off.33 Nowadays even suburbs are becoming unsuitable for scientists to do their jobs becauseA the night sky there is too dark.B the once dark areas are also polluted by lights.C these areas are not polluted by chemical
33、s.D these areas are less developed.34 How does light pollution affect wildlife?A Animals may go off course.B It helps migrating birds find their homes.C Animals are afraid to go out after sunset.D It helps birds fall asleep.35 The title “Light Night, Dark Stars“ meansA the night sky is brightly lit
34、up and stars are black.B lights appear at night and stars are seen in the dark.C city lights at night illuminate stars in the sky.D city lights illuminate the night sky, making stars invisible第二篇Shopping at Second-hand Clothing StoresWhen 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second-han
35、d clothing stores was just something he did - “like changing the tires on his car.“ He looked at his budget, and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops.“Even new clothes are fairly disposable (用后即丢掉的 ) and wear out after a couple of years,“ Barth said. “In thrif
36、t shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes.“Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second-hand clothing. Some people like him, shop to save money. Some shop
37、 for a crazy-7looking shirt. And some hop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA) (救世军) thrift shop, said hat, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.“When my daughter was little, we looked at i
38、t as recycling,“ Akins said. “Also, why ay 30 dollars for a new coat when you can get another one for a lot less?“Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US - “some as big as department stores.“ All of the clothes are donated (捐赠), and when they have a surplus (盈余), theyll have “stuff a bag“ s
39、pecials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only or 10 dollars.Julia Slocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second-hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness.Id say that second-hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic cultu
40、re,“ said Slocum, who works for a pro-conservation organization, the Center for a New American Dream. “Thrift shops prevent that waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋场); they give clothing a second life, provide cheaper clothing for those who cant afford to buy new ones and generate (生成) income for ch
41、arities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed (摆脱) some of the guilt for their level of consumption.“36 Which statement about Barth is NOT true?A He is 33 years old now.B He works at a Goodwill thrift shop.C He works at a Salvation Army thrift shop.D He was a college st
42、udent many years ago37 When Barth was a college student, he often shopped at thrift shopsA to save money.B to save energy.C to help the environment.D to make friends with poor people.38 What does Akins do?A She is a soldier.B She is an accountant.C She is a saleswomanD She is a road sweeper.39 Thrif
43、t shops can do everything EXCEPTA give clothing a second life.B generate in come for charities.C provide cheaper clothes for the poor.D stop rich people from wasting money40 The word “thrift“ in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by8A charity.B one dollar.C first class.D two dollars.第三篇WaterThe seco
44、nd most important constituent (构成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0 and boils at 100. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow
45、 range.The earths supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the
46、oceans - about 97 per cent. The rest is fresh, but three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fractional which is somewhat less than one per cent of the whole, there is 1020 times as much stored unde
47、rground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapor in the atmosphere.Water vapor in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole watercirculation (循环) of the biosphere has to pass. Wat
48、er evaporated (蒸发) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist (潮湿的) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow, falling on either the sea or the land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oc
49、eans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans, and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers.41 Liquid water only existsA in the center of the earth.B on the surface of our planet.C in a very narrow range of temperaturesD in the coastal areas of the earth.42 The total quantity of water on E
