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中国182个流行词汇的英文译法.doc

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1、中国 182个流行词汇的英文译法 1. 素质教育 :Quality Education2. EQ:分两种,一种为教育商数 Educational quotient,另一种情感商数 Emotional quotient3. 保险业: the insurance industry4. 保证重点指出: ensure funding for priority areas5. 补发拖欠的养老金: clear up pension payments in arrears6. 不良贷款: non-performing loan7. 层层转包和违法分包: mutlti-level contracting an

2、d illegal subcontracting8. 城乡信用社: credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas9. 城镇居民最低生活保障: a minimum standard of living for city residents10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度: the system of medical insurance for urban workers11. 出口信贷: export credit12. 贷款质量: loan quality13. 贷款质量五级分类办法: the five-category assets class

3、ification for bank loans14. 防范和化解金融风险: take precautions against and reduce financial risks15. 防洪工程: flood-prevention project16. 非法外汇交易 : illegal foreign exchange transaction17. 非贸易收汇: foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels18. 非银行金融机构: non-bank financial institutions19. 费改税: transformadm

4、inistrative fees into taxes20. 跟踪审计: foolow-up auditing21. 工程监理制度: the monitoring system for projects22. 国有资产安全: the safety of state-owned assets23. 过度开垦 : excess reclamation24. 合同管理制度: the contract system for governing projects25. 积极的财政政策 : pro-active fiscal policy26. 基本生活费: basic allowance27. 解除劳动

5、关系: sever labor relation28. 金融监管责任制: the responsibility system for financial supervision29. 经济安全: economic security30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设: to increase the deficit to spend more on development31. 扩大国内需求 : the expansion of domestic demand32. 拉动经济增长: fuel economic growth33. 粮食仓库: grain depot34. 粮食收购企业: grain c

6、ollection and storage enterprise35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行: closed operation of grain purchase funds36. 粮食销售市场: grain sales market37. 劣质工程: shoddy engineering38. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款: arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines39. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇: obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owe

7、d to the government and illegal arbitrage40. 融资渠道: financing channels41. 商业信贷原则: the principles for commercial credit42. 社会保险机构: social security institution43. 失业保险金: unemployment insurance benefits44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税: tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes45. 外汇收支: foreign exchange revenue and

8、 spending46. 安居工程: housing project for low-income urban residents47. 信息化: information-based; informationization48. 智力密集型: concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive49. 外资企业: overseas-funded enterprises50. 下岗职工: laid-off workers51. 分流: reposition of redundant personnel52. 素质教育: education for a

9、ll-round development53. 豆腐渣工程: jerry-built projects54. 社会治安情况: law-and-order situation55. 民族国家: nation state56. “*”: “independence of Taiwan“57. 台湾当局: Taiwan authorities58. 台湾同胞 : Taiwan compatriots59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分:Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.60. 西部大开发 : Development of

10、the West Regions61. 可持续性发展: sustainable development62. 风险投资 : risk investment63. 通货紧缩 : deflation64. 扩大内需 : to expand domestic demand65. 计算机辅助教学: computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )66. 网络空间: cyberspace67. 虚拟现实: virtual reality68. 网民 : netizen ( net citizen )69. 电脑犯罪 : computer crime70. 电子商务: the e

11、-business71. 网上购物 : shopping online72. 应试教育: exam-oriented education73. 学生减负 : to reduce study load74. “厄尔尼诺”:(EL Nino)75. “拉尼娜”:(La Nina)76. “智商”:(IQ)77. “情商”:(EQ)78. “第三产业”:(third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises)79“第四产业”:(quaternary/inFORMation industry)79. “军嫂”:(mil

12、itary spouse)80. “峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)”:summit(conference)81. “克隆”:clone82. “冰毒”:ice83. “摇头丸”:dancing outreach84. “传销”:multi level marketing85. “(计算机)2000 年问题”:Y2K problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)86. “白皮书”:white paper(不是 white cover book)87. “傻瓜相机”:Instamatic(商标名, 焦距、镜头均固定,被称为 foolproof相机);88.

13、“白条”:IOU note(IOU:债款、债务,由 I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来)89. “巡回招聘”:milk round(一种招聘毕业生的方式,大公司走访各大学及学院,向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)。90. “减员增效”:increase efficiency by downsizing staff;91. “抓大放小”:manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones;92. “市政府要办的 X件实事”:x major projects that should be given top pr

14、iority as designated on the municipal governments working agenda;93. “两个基本点”:two focal points,two of the major points of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC,I.e.upholding the four cardinal principles and the policies reform,opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。94.

15、“投资热点”:a region attractive to investors,a muchsought piece of hand, popular investment spot95. “移动电话”:本系 cellular(有时简作 cel)或 mobile(tele)phone96. “三角债”:chain debts 或 debt chains97. “拳头产品”:knockout product98. “投诉热线”:dial-a-cheat confidential hotline(打电话告诉一件欺诈事件)99. “三通”的现译文 three links:link of trade,

16、travel and post100. “外资”:overseas investments101. “开放”:open to the outside world102. “联防”:community/teampolicing(一种由警察和辖区居民共同参与的治安管理)103. “三陪服务”:escort services(陪伴服务)。104. “五讲四美”:five stresses and four points of beauty105. “暴利”:excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/sudden huge profit (windfall profit也好)1

17、06. “暴发户”:upstart,parvenu,noov(e),nouveau riche(new rich),jumped-up people(口语)107. “快餐”:snack(food),quick meal,fast(food,meal),takeaway,carryout, MRE(meals ready to eat) “一次(性/用)”108. 一次处理:single/primary treatment;109. 一次污染:primary pollution;110. 一次冻透:straight;freez-ing;111. 一次空气:fresh/primary air;1

18、12. 一次爆破:onepull;113. 一次付清: pay in full;114. 一次消费:one-time-consumption;115. 一次误差:first-order error;116. 一次成像照片:a Polaroid picture;117. 一次偿还信贷: non-installment;118. 一次性杯子:sanitary cup;119. 一次性筷子:disposable chopsticks;120. 一次性收入:lump-sum payment121. 一次用包装:non-returnable container;122. 一次用相机:single-use

19、 camera123. 西部开发:Develop Western Regions124. 假日经济:Holiday Economy125. 手机的利与弊:Advantages and Disadvantages of the Cell Phone126. 传呼机不久将会被淘汰吗?:Can Beepers Be Soon Out of Use?127. 电脑病毒:Computer Viruses128. 网上犯罪:Cyber Crimes129. 旅游热:Tourism Wave130. 打拐:Cracking Down on the Abduction of Women and Childre

20、n131. 反毒斗争:Anti-drug Battle132. 黑客:Hackers133. 减负:Reduction of Students Study Load134. 中国加入世贸组织:Chinas Entry into the WTO135. 沙尘暴:Sandstorms136. 告别 1999:Farewell to the Special Year 1999137. 千年虫:The Millennium Bug138. 千禧年的梦想:My Millennium Dreams139. 拥抱新千年:Embracing the New Millennium140. 网上购物:Shoppi

21、ng on the Net141. 参考书的负面效应:My View on the Negative Effects of Reference Books142. 因特网的利与弊:Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet143. 人类第一张基因草图的意义:The Significance of the First Working Draft of Human Genome Map144. 高校合并:The Merging of Universities145. 网上求职:Hunting for A Job on Internet146. 何为新世纪的好

22、老师?:What Is a Good Teacher in the Next Century?147. 中国的外资:Chinas foreign Investment148. 中国的人才流失:The Talent Flight in China149. 性教育:Sex Education150. 明天的因特网:The Future Tomorrows Internet151. 课堂是以教师为中心还是以学生为中心?:A Teacher-centered Class or A Student-centered Class?152. 现有的考试制度的利与弊:The Positive and Nega

23、tive Aspects of Exams and the Existing Examination System153. 中国的因特网:Internet in China154. 中国的电脑:Computers in China155. 中国的大学英语教学:College English Teaching in China156. 新的收费政策把学生拒之门外了吗?:Does New Tuition Policy Keep Students Away?157. 家教的利与弊:Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring158. 教师,国家的未来:

24、Teachers, A Nations Future159. 电子词典:Electronic Dictionaries160. 教育应是应试教育还是素质教育:Education: Examination-oriented or Quality-oriented161. 提倡创新精神:Develop Our Creative Mind162. 计算机辅助教学:CAI/Computer Assisted Instruction163. 自动取款机的利与弊:Advantages and Disadvantages of the ATM164. 展望廿一世纪:Looking Forward to th

25、e 21st Century165. 盗版问题:Problem of Piracy166. 学会如何学习:Learn How to Learn167. 假文凭:Fake Diplomas168. 书的不良影响:My View on the Negative Effects of Books169. 人们为什么热衷于摸彩票?:Why Do People Like to Try Their Luck on Lottery?170. 兼职工作:My View on a Part-time Job171. 无偿献血:Blood Donation without Repayment172. 留学海外:S

26、tudying Abroad173. 发展经济还是保护环境?:Developing Economy or Protecting the Environment?174. 电子邮件:The Internet E-mail175. 拥抱知识经济的新时代:Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age176. 努力更新知识:Trying to Renew Knowledge177. 深化(中国的)改革:Deepen Chinas Reform178. 因特网的利与弊:The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet179. 我们需要因特

27、网吗?:Do We Need Internet?180. 大学英语考试:College English Test181. 大学英语四、六级考试有必要吗?:Is the College English Test Band 4/Band 6 Necessary?182. 廿一世纪的青年人:The Youth and the 21st Century 关心老龄人 care for senior citizens.贵族学校 exclusive school(美); select school(英)国企下岗职工基本生活保障 guarantee of basic cost of living allowa

28、nces for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises合理调整就业结构 to rationally readjust the employment structure积极发展民办教育 Efforts should be made to develop schools not operated by government education departments.6.保障妇女就业权利 to guarantee womens right to employment7.城镇居民最低生活保障 guarantee of subsistence al

29、lowances for urban residents8.在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险 Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas.9.城镇社会保障体系 the social security system in urban areas10.城镇职工基本医疗保险制度 the basic medical insurance system for urban employees0

30、5社会政治与经济类英语热点词块翻译 1-6)链接社会政治与经济类英语热点词块翻 (11 月 26日) 社会政治与经济类英语热点词块翻 (11 月 26日) 社会政治与经济类英语热点词块翻 (11 月 26日) 社会政治与经济类英语热点词块翻 (11 月 26日) 社会政治与经济类英语热点词块翻 (11 月 26日) 社会政治与经济类英语热点词块翻 (11 月 26日)2008年主流媒体流行双语词汇2008年,是不平凡的一年。这一年里,我们 经历了雪灾和地震,见证了奥运火炬传递的艰辛和奥运会的盛大成功,也目睹了航天员太空行走的壮举。 这一年,新闻事件层出不穷,随之而来的各类新闻热词也不断涌现。在

31、这里,我们摘录了 2008年在主流媒体中出现频率较高的一些新闻热词并配以英文解释,希 望能用这样的方式记录刚刚过去的这不寻常的一年。科学发展观 Scientific Outlook on Development科学发展观,就是全面、协调和可持续的发展观,它是在中国全面建设小康社会的情况下,新一届中央领导集体根据中国实际和改革开放的实践提出来的,切合当代世界发展趋势的一种新的发展观。The Scientific Outlook on Development means putting people first and aiming at comprehensive, coordinated an

32、d sustainable development. 科学发展观即“坚持以人为本,树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观。”服务型政府 service-oriented government服务型政府就是遵从民意的要求,在法治的框架下,用公开政府工作目的、工作内容、工作程序和工作方法的方式给公民、社会组织和社会提供公正、优质、价廉、高效、方便的公共产品和服务,达到为民兴利、促进社会稳定发展之目标的政府。The ultimate goal of building a service-oriented government is to enhance the governments capability

33、and level of service. 建设服务型政府的最终目标是增强政府的执政能力和水平。三通 Three Direct Links1979年元旦,全国人大常委会发表告台湾同胞书,提出了海峡两岸通商、通航、通邮的主张,时称“三通”。30 年来,由于台湾当局的反对和抵制,两岸 直接双向“三通”一直未能实现。直到 2008年 11月,海协会和海基会才达成两岸直接“通航”、“通邮”的协议。回顾这段从“三不”到“三通”的崎岖漫长 之路,令人颇多感慨;展望未来两岸和平发展的愿景,更令人充满信心和期待。Shorthand for direct links in post, transportatio

34、n and trade between the Chinese mainland and Taiwan.两岸之间双向的直接通邮、通商与通航而不是局部或间接“三通”。“三通”的核心是实现两岸之间的直航。次贷危机 subprime mortgage crisis“次贷危机”又称次级房贷危机,是指一场发生在美国,因次级抵押贷款机构破产、投资基金被迫关闭、股市剧烈震荡引起的风暴。它致使全球主要金融市场隐约出现流动性不足危机。The further impact of US subprime mortgage crisis on Chinas economy and monetary policy ca

35、nnot be underestimated, central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan warned Thursday.央行行长周小川周四提醒说,美国次贷危机对于中国经济和货币政策的进一步影响不可低估。手足口病 hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD)2008年 3月上旬,手足口病首先在安徽阜阳出现,之后蔓延至广东、北京、上海等地。5月 2日,卫生部将手足口病列入传染病防治法规定的丙类传染病进行管理。HFMD, characterized by fever, sores in the mouth and rashes on hands an

36、d feet, is not a new infection and is common among infants and children, experts say. It can be triggered by various viruses and usually does not lead to death.专家表示,手足口病是婴儿和儿童常见的一种疾病,典型的症状有:发热,口腔溃疡,以及手足疱疹等。有多种病毒可导致手足口病,一般不会致死。手机漫游费 mobile roaming service charges2008年 2月,信产部和发改委发布联合公告称,新的手机漫游资费方案从 3月

37、 1日起实行。根据最新漫游费上限标准方案,手机国内漫游费上限标准定为:主叫降为 0.6元/分钟、被叫降为 0.4元/分钟。Chinas Ministry of Information Industry (MII) and National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) jointly announced the countrys mobile roaming service charges would be lowered starting from March 1.信产部和发改委发布联合公告称,手机漫游资费下调新方案从 3月 1日起实行。垃

38、圾短信 spam message2008年 3月 15日,在央视“315 晚会”中,分众无线传媒技术有限公司被指为垃圾短信重要源头以及泄露手机机主个人资料的罪魁祸首。中国移动于 3月 19日宣布其短信业务端口已被关闭。China Mobile said it had received about 4,000 complaints each day over spam messages before March 15. A statement from the company reported the number of daily complaints has now decreased to

39、 2,000, but did not provide details on the reduction.中国移动还表示 3月 15日之前他们每天大约收到 4000条关于垃圾短信的投诉。根据该公司最近的一项报告显示,上述投诉量已减少到每天 2000条,但是该公司没有透露具体下降情况。人肉搜索 human flesh search engine, cyber manhunt 人肉搜索引擎就是指在利用现代信息科技和传统搜索引擎的同时,更多地利用人工参与来提取搜索引擎提供的信息的一种机制。因为这个说法是中国的网民自创的,所以有些地方直接用 renrou search engine来表示。Beijin

40、g court has issued whats being treated as the first decision to award damages for emotional distress in a case involving human flesh search engines. A Beijing man surnamed Yan won 10,000 yuan in emotional damages from his former employer, along with 1,300 yuan for economic losses.北京市日前判决首起被判赔偿精神抚慰金的

41、“人肉搜索引擎”案件。北京的严先生从其原单位获得经济损失 1300元、精神抚慰金 1万元的赔偿。矿难 mining mishap 2008年各类矿难频发,临汾矿难、黑砖窑、洪洞矿难、娄烦垮塌、襄汾溃坝接连不断的恶性事件和安全事故,让山西这个中部资源大省成为关注的焦点,也让安全生产屡次被提上议事日程。Authorities will launch a three-month inspection on Oct 11 to prevent coalmine accidents nationwide, following a slew of fatal mining mishaps in the p

42、ast months, the State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS) announced on its website.在过去几个月重大矿库事故频发的情况下,国家安全生产监督管理局日前在其网站上表示要从 10月 11日起展开为期三个月的安全检查以防止更多煤矿事故的发生。封口费 hush money2008年 9月,山西霍宝干河矿难发生之后,真假记者争先恐后地赶到出事煤矿领取煤矿发放的“封口费”。此事经网络传播后在全国引起轩然大波。Hush money is a bribe paid to someone to insure that someth

43、ing is kept secret.(为了让某人对某事保密而行的贿赂)Investigations by the local government revealed that dozens of journalists, some genuine and some not, went to the mine not to report on the accident, but to receivehush money.当地政府的调查显示,这些记者去煤矿的目的不是报道矿难,而是去领取“封口费”。堰塞湖 quake lake, barrier lake造成巨大人员和财产损失的 512大地震发生之

44、后,防止次生地质灾害和安置受灾群众成为全国上下抗震救灾的重大紧迫任务。而在灾后出现的次生地质灾害中,除了人们熟知的山体滑坡和泥石流等之外,“堰塞湖”成为了最大的威胁。堰塞湖是由火山熔岩流,或由地震活动等原因引起山崩滑坡体等堵截河谷或河床后贮水而形成的湖泊。The upper stream of the Qianjiang River near Beichuan County was damaged in the May 12 earthquake, forming “quake lakes“ as water was shoved from its bed by rock and mud sl

45、ides sent off by the earthquakes.位于北川县附近的黔江上游地区在 5月 12日的地震中受损,地震引起的泥石流及石块滑落使河水贮积形成了“堰塞湖”。过渡安置房 temporary dwellings, pre-fabricated house 512汶川大地震之后,地震灾区被转移的受灾群众的安置问题一直都是中央和各地政府着力解决的问题。各地活动房生产企业纷纷加班加点为灾区人民生产活动板房等过渡安置房。During his stay, Hu was shown around so that he could learn about these temporary d

46、wellings.考察期间,胡锦涛参观了这些过渡安置房的生产过程。廉租房 low-rent house2008年 3月 5日,国务院总理温家宝在十一届全国人大一次会议上作政府工作报告时说,要抓紧建立住房保障体系。The government plans to earmark 6.8 billion yuan ($956.6 million) in its 2008 budget to build low-rent houses for the urban poor.今年政府计划投入 68亿元(合 9.566亿美元)为城市低收入者建设廉租房。火炬传递 torch relay2008年 3月 14

47、日,西藏拉萨发生打砸抢烧事件,时值奥运圣火传递开始前夕,各国媒体不禁对火炬是否能安全通过西藏产生疑问。Lhasa is now basically restored to order and the Tibet Autonomous Regional Government will ensure the stability there and the smooth operation of the torch relay scaling the worlds highest peak.目前,拉萨已经基本恢复了正常秩序,西藏自治区政府会努力维护当地的稳定并确保跨过世界之巅的火炬传递活动顺利进行。

48、直航包机 direct charter(ed) flight“两岸经贸议题项目小组会议”于 2008年 4月 14日端出两岸开放的具体内容与时间表。两岸直航时间定在 7月 4日,每周五至周一对飞。初期以桃园、小港为对口航点,飞航北京、上海、广州及厦门 4个机场。The weekend charter flights across the Taiwan Strait will begin on the first weekend in July, and flights will be arranged from Friday to Monday. It is expected (that) d

49、irect charter flights will operate daily before the end of the year.两岸周末包机将于 7月的第一个周末首航,每周五至周一都有航班。今年年底之前有望实现每日包机直航。单双号 even and odd-numbered license plate 北京市奥运期间机动车临时管理措施从 2008年 7月 1日起禁止黄标车上路和外地货车进京;7月 20日到 9月 20日,北京本市机动车和外地进京车辆实行单双号行驶,其中 8月 28日前为全市范围,之后为五环以内。Beijing is to ban vehicles with even and odd-numbered license plates on alternate days from July 20 to Sept. 20 to help improve air quality for the Olympic Games, the city has announced.北京市宣布从 7月 20日到 9月 20日实行单双号限行制度以使奥运期间的空气质量得以提高。婴幼儿配方奶粉 baby formula, infant formula 2008年 9月,石家庄三鹿集团股份有限公司生产的三鹿牌婴幼儿配方奶粉被证实受

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