1、To kill two birds with one stone.译文：一石双鸟Do you see any green in my eye?建议译文：你以为我是好欺骗的吗？而非：你从我的眼睛里看到绿色了吗？而“chain reaction”可以译为：连锁反应保持异国情调丰富本族语。译者要把“直译” 和“ 意译 ”灵活地结合起来。例如：Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door.译文：鲁丝一直在困扰别的孩子，我就把他撵了出去。而非：鲁丝一直在困扰别的孩子，我就把门指给她。. 校 对校对重点（见张培基 pp15-
2、17）第四节 对翻译工作者的要求1. 汉语功底要好。借助教材掌握好汉语语法。多读名著，学习汉语表达法。2. 英语能力强。包括词汇量不少于一万，掌握英语语法 。3. 知识面宽。4. 熟悉一些翻译理论、方法和技巧。习语的译法P160-169, 张培基习语（idioms）包括俗语(colloquialisms)、谚语(proverbs)、和俚语(slang expressions)。习语汉译主要方法：（）直译；（）汉语同义套用和（）意译法。一、 译 法在不违反译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想的情况下，在译文中保留英语习语的比喻、形象和民族特色的译法。例如：P161， 张培基Knit ones brow
3、 皱眉头Last but not least 最后但不是最重要的一点Laugh in sbs heart 当面嘲笑Have pity on sb 同情某人Tower of ivorySour grapesAs wise as SolomonA Judas KissCrocodile tears new wine in old bottles二、汉语同义习语的套用法有的英语习语和汉语同义习语在内容和形式上都相符合，双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩，并且有相同的或者大体相同的形象比喻。在这种情况下，不妨直截了当的套用汉语同义习语。例如：P162, 张培基e.g.,burn the boat 破釜成舟
4、castle in the air 空中楼阁a bolt from the blue 晴天霹雳after ones own heart 正中下怀hang by a hair 千钧一发kill the goose that lays the gold eggs 杀鸡取卵reap what one has sown 自食其果；飞蛾扑火；自作自受lick sbs boots 拍马屁put on air 摆架子butter sb up 灌米汤give the green light 开绿灯pour cold water on 泼冷水三、意译法如果不可能或者没有必要用直译法保留英语习语的表达形式，并且在
5、汉语中也找不到合适的同义习语可以套用，那么就意译。例如：1. The teenagers dont invite Bob to their parties because he is a wet blanket. (一个扫兴的人)2. Among so many well-dressed and cultural people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water. ( 很不自在 )3. To break the ice(打破沉默), Ted spoke of his interest in mountain climbing, and
6、 they soon had a conversation going.4.He was in the seventh heaven last night.据 Longman Dictionary of English:, in the seventh heavenin a state of great happiness or contentment七重天指上帝和天使居住的地方，所以 in the seventh heaven 可以译为“欢天喜地”5.in a pigs whisper 低声地draw blood 伤感情hang on sbs lips 对某人言听计从make a monke
7、y of 愚弄to be full of beans 精力旺盛a skeleton in the feast 扫兴的东西bury ones head in the sand 采取鸵鸟政策四、避免望文生义例如：.pull ones leg 误译： 拉后腿正译：愚弄某人2. move heaven and earth 误译：翻天覆地正译：想方设法3.childs play 误译： 儿戏正译： 简单的东西4.eat ones words 误译：食言正译：承认自己说错了话5.dog-eat-dog 误译：狗咬狗正译：残酷争夺；人吃人的关系五、惯用语翻译的例子完全直译tear up by the roo
8、ts 连根拔like a swarm of bees 一窝蜂部分直译，部分意译pack up and quit 卷铺盖whisper in sbs ear 咬耳朵意译a layman 门外汉a bush telephone 小广播irresponsible and sarcastic remarks 风凉话dish up the same old stuff 炒冷饭六、俚语的译法俚语时比较通俗的口头语，有的带有粗俗性，有的带有方言性。它包括委婉语、赌咒语和粗俗语三种。（一） 委婉语） 死to go to sleepto be no moreto close ones eyesto expire
9、to pass awayto end ones dayto breathe ones lastto go westto pay the debt of nature2)怀孕She is five month gone.to wear the apron highto be in a delicate conditiona lady-in-waiting(二) 诅咒语damnIll be damned if I do.我干了这事，我不是人。HellConfoundBloddyDamn you!To hell with you!Hang you!You be hanged!Blast you!七、
10、练习P168-1691.1) to take French leave 不告而别2) a stony heart 铁石心肠3) at ones fingertips 了如指掌4) to have a hand like a foot 笨手笨脚5) as mute as a fish 噤若寒蝉6) to return good for evil 以德报怨7) to shut ones eyes against 视若无睹8) to talk black into white 颠倒黑白9) to turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻10) Practice makes perfect 熟能
11、生巧11) To face the music 临危不惧12) Plain sailing 一帆风顺13) To be dead drunk 烂醉如泥14) Laugh and grow fat 心宽体胖15) Tweedledee and tweedledum 半斤八两16) To fly into a rage 勃然大怒17) To look for a needle in a haystack 海底捞针18) A leap in the dark 轻举妄动19) To show ones colours 原型毕露 20) To make a noise in the world 名噪一时
12、21) More haste, less speed 欲速不达22) Neither fish nor flesh 不伦不类23) To pick holes in 吹毛求疵24) To mind ones Ps and Qs 谨严慎行25) To be at the end of ones rope 山穷水尽26) To flog a dead horse 徒劳无益27) To turn over a new leaf 改过自新28) To put all ones eggs in one basket 孤注一掷2.1) He just had forty winks.(眯糊)2) His
13、wife held the purse string.（掌管经济大权）3) You should keep your nose out of here.（别多管闲事）4) Dont you see the writing on the wall!（灾难降临）5) That night he slept like a top(睡得香), and woke with his knee of almost normal size.（）6) Im not talking about castles in the airthe donkeys carrot（望梅止渴）. No, I mean somet
14、hing weve all shared.7) Mother said, “John, you are talking through your hat. （胡说） You are crazy!8) His accent gave him away. （露马脚）9) Large police forces were encamped near the meeting, out of sight but hardly” out of mind.（虽然看不见，但是谁的心里都明白）10) The Nazi in Berlin became desperate and tried to make he
15、ll （孤注一掷）while the sun was shining.3.1) By comparison, the Great Wall in China is a mammoth presence.(庞然大物)2) After that the special missions became frequent occurrence.(习以为常)3) Yet there was no hint as to who had irresponsibly started this fiction (心口开河)in the first place. Or why?4) On careful anal
16、ysis it appears that the information was erroneous（错误百出）or was susceptible(dj.易受影响的, 易感动的, 容许.的) of varying interpretations.5) In a dangerous and uncertain world(危机四伏的), the strengthening of national defence is the best guarantee of a nations vital interest.6) He was confronted by the wild irrationa
17、lity(蛮不讲理), the deviousness(邪门歪道), the maliciousness （存心不良）and venality（贪财好利） of the Manchu officials.7) His body was perfect(十全十美), alive（生气勃勃） with easy suppleness and health and strength.8) A vision of countless colorful (万紫千红)flowers blinded（眼花缭乱） his eyes.更多的例子：1) for some, the expense of an aw
18、ay-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped(翅膀剪断)by skyrocketing housing costs. ）In country after country, talk of nonsmokers right is in the air(流传)）which ,though they go thr
19、ough the motions of(敷衍，不痛不痒 ) dispute and inquiry, do not break through the skin to where such inquires might really hurt.）Her mother died of difficult labour(难产).）I would not inevitably make mistakes at one time or another and operate on someone who didnt need surgery or sit on （忽视）someone who did
20、.）We hope Mr. White will not forget himself（忘乎所以）. Gone are the days when a representative of a big power in the U.N. may do whatever he likes.）The establishment years for the days of Kennedysthe shuttle society -artists, nobles, the beautiful people(有钱有势的人)used to make a pilgrimage down her to do i
21、ts bit nightly.二、 讲 评 (P26-31, 蔡基刚 )大众传媒政策1) Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to make decisions, (either) as citizens or as private individuals.(1) 生活中充满了作为公民或者个人必须做出决定的问题。(2) 尽管生活的确充满了问题，我们还得在这些问题的基础之上做出一些决定，作为公民或者个人。（）作为公民或者个人，尽管生活的确充满了问题，我们还得在这些问题的基础之上做出一些决定。（）？2) But neither the
22、real difficulty of these decisions, nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual, can often be communicated through the mass media.（） 但在媒体中却不常见到有反映做出这些决定的真实难度，也没有反映做出这些决定给他们带来的令人烦恼的难题。（） 但是，无论做出这些决定多么困难，无论它们对于每个人构成了多少真真意义上的，令人烦恼的挑战，它们都不可能通过大众传媒大到反映。（） ？3) The disinclination to suggest
23、real choice, which is to be found in the mass media， is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customers happy.（） 媒体不愿给出明确答案不只时一种取乐于顾客的广告手段。（） 人们发现，媒体不愿意做出真真选择这种情况的出现不简单的是它取悦客户而采取的商业思想的产物。（） ？4) The organs of the Establishment, however well-intentioned they may be, have a vested i
24、nterest in insuring that the public boat is not violently rocked, and （they）will so affect those who work within the mass media (so) that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which, though they go thorough the motions of dispute and inquiry, do not break through the skin to where
25、such inquires might really hurt.（） 各种社会权力机构，尽管初衷可能是好的，都有自己的既得利益，确保社会的稳定，它们会设法影响新闻工作者，让他们不知不觉地做出的节目或写出的文章不痛不痒，不触及到问题的实质，虽然也装摸作样地搞些辩论和调查。（） 各种社会权力机构，无论初衷好坏，它们都有自己的既得利益，具体表现在它们要确保公众乘坐的大船不要剧烈晃动，它们就这样影响着大众传媒中工作的人员，目的在于让他们不知不觉地做出的节目或写出的文章不痛不痒，尽管这些文章也装摸作样地搞些辩论和调查，他们却不会刺破皮肤触及这些调查可能应当刺痛的地方。（） 各种社会权利机构，可能是好意，
26、都由自己的既得利益而设法确保社会的相对稳定。（） ？5) They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted clichassumptions of democratic society， and (they) will tend neither radically to question (regarding) these clichs nor to make a distributing application of them (problems?) to features of contempo
27、rary life.（） 他们揭露问题往往只是在民主社会可以接受的老一套观点内进行。既不对这些老套的观点表示出一点过激的疑问，它把它们写到现代的专栏时也尽量不让个方面感到难堪。美语与英语1) Of the intrinsic(固有的, 内在的, 本质的) differences that separate American from English, the chief (differences) have their roots in the obvious disparity(不一致,) between the environment and traditions of the Ameri
28、can people since the seventeenth century and those (traditions) of the English.(1) 许多本质的不同造成了美语从英语中分出来。而主要的不同是两种语言根植于两种完全不同的社会环境和文化传统。自十七世纪以来，美国人和英国人在这两个方面的差异十分明显。（2）？2) The latter have lived in a relatively stable social order, and it（social order）has impressed (influenced) upon their souls (and) t
29、heir characteristic respect for what is customary and of good report.（1）英国人相对来说生活在一个相对稳定的社会秩序里。这种秩序铭刻在他们的心灵里的是对习惯上和名誉上的东西有一种特有的尊敬。3) Until the World War I brought chaos to most of their institutions, their whole lives were regulated; perhaps more than those of any other people save（except） the Spani
30、ards, by a regard for precedent.（1） 虽然第一次世界大战改变了他们大部分人的风俗习惯，但在这之前，他们的完全生活，或许比其它民族的生活，除了西班牙人，都受到先例的制约。（2）直到第一次世界大战给他们的组织带来混乱，他们（英国人的）的整个生活才发生了变化；在此之前, 他们的生活比其它民族，除了西班牙人之外，更多地受到了先例的制约。（3）？4) The Americans, though partly of the same blood, have felt no such restrain, and acquired no such habit of confo
31、rmity.（） 而虽然美国人中有一部分的祖先是英国人，但他们没有这种约束。也没有这种一致性习惯的要求。（） 虽然美国人中有一部分人的血管中流着相同的血，他们并没有感到这种束缚，也没有形成一致性习惯。（） ？5) On the contrary, they have plunged to（v. 投入） the other extreme, for the conditions of life in their country have put a high value upon the precisely opposite qualities of curiosity and daring（冒险的）, and so they acquired that character of restlessness（不安于现状的）, that impatience of forms（形式主义）, that disdain （t.蔑视, 鄙弃）of the dead hand（旧势力）, which now broadly marks（打上烙印，留下记号） them.(1) 相反，他们走到了另外一个极端，因为他们国家的生活状态使得他们看重的是好奇和冒险这恰恰相反的品质，这样他们养成的是不安于现状，厌烦形式主义，蔑视旧势力的影响的个性。这些个性在他们身上普遍反映出来。(2) ？
