1、学论文英文摘要常用句型英文摘要一般须以第三人称、过去式叙述。用词准确,逻辑性强,结构严谨。结果和结论一般用句子表达;而目的、方法(设计、地点和对象)等,则常用短语表达。(1)英文摘要的时态与语态1)说明研究目的,通常用一般现在时或一般过去时。 2)说明方法和结果,一般用一般过去时、第三人称的被动语态表达。3)结论通常用一般现在时、被动语态表达,也可用主动语态表达。(2)常用句型1)表达论文内容的常用句型A 第三人称主动态This paper(article,report)describes本文叙述This paper (article)reports本文报告This report(paper,
2、article)presents本文介绍This paper(article,report)discusses本文讨论常用的动词还有 analyze(分析) ,evaluate(评价) ,compare(比较),describe(描述)等。B 第一人称主动态We report(on) 我们报告 We describe a case of 我们描述 1 例In this paper,we present 本文介绍In this paper,we report 本文报告主语除 we 之外,还可用 the authors(作者) 等。C 一般现在时被动语态A case is reported in
3、which 本文报告 1 例A study ofis reported 本文报告的研究is(are)described 本文描述In this paperis(are)presented 本文介绍2)表达目的常用句型A 一般过去时、被动语态The purpose(aim ,objective) of this study was to 本研究旨在The goal(aim) of this investigation was to 本研究旨在 This study was designed to 本研究旨在This study was undertaken to 本研究旨在This prospe
4、ctive study was performed to 本前瞻性研究的目的是A study towas carried out(during) (在期间) 所作研究的目的是An attempt has been made to 为了而作试验B 动词不定式短语To evaluate,report,investigate ,study ,analyzeC 一般过去时、主动语态We(the authors )conducted a study to 为了我们进行了研究To determine ,we studied 为了确定,我们研究了 In an attempt to,in an effort
5、to或 in order to,we carried out a pilot study 为了,我们进行了的初步研究表示目的的常用动词有:evaluate( 评价),examine(检查,观察 ),determine(确定,查明),elucidate(阐明),explore(探索) ,test( 测试) ,compare(比较),estimate(评估) ,assess( 估价) ,investigate(调查)等。3)表达方法的常用句型A 方法表达研究类型 Prospective, Retrospective, Cohort,Case-control,in vivo, in vitroUsi
6、ng(technique),we studied 我们用( 技术)研究了Using,it was found that ( 我们)用发现了was(were)measured using (我们) 用测定了was(were)analyzed (reviewed) by (我们) 用分析(回顾)了was(were)treated with ( 我们)用治疗了measurements were made of 测定了常用的动词还有:study, measure,determine, investigate,isolate ,demonstrate,examine ,identify 等。B 分组(主
7、语通常为 patients,subjects,animals)were randomly divided (grouped) intogroups 被随机分成组were separated intogroups based on 根据,将分成组The groups were as follows: 分组如下:C 治疗或检查方法 was performed(used) in (on)patients 我们对患者施行(应用)了(patients) underwentendoscopy (患者)进行了内镜检查Surgical procedures, assay(immunohistochemistr
8、y, molecular biology) 手术方法,测试方法C 统计学方法Statistical methods: Students t test, 2 was used for4)表达结果的常用句型 A 一般句型The results showed (demonstrated) that结果表明It was found that (我们) 发现It was observed that (我们)观察到第和句也可改为第一人称:We found that 和 We observed that。B 增加或减少decreased by(40) 降低(40 )(a 70) reduction in w
9、as observed 观察到降低(70)There was a(15) elevation in增高(15)resulted in (a marked) increase in 导致(明显)增高was lowered fromto 从下降到表达增加或减少的常用动词还有 rise,raise,decline,drop,fall,lower 等。可用 by表示是净增减的数或倍数,例如“increase by 40” ,表示“增加 40” ;而 to 表示增加或减少到某个具体数值。C 相关与差别There was a significant linear correlation betweenan
10、d 与有显著的线性相关性showed no strong correlation betweenand 显示 与无密切相关性correlated positively with 与呈正相关A negative correlation was found betweenand 发现 与呈负相关There was (were) (no)significant difference(s)or (No)significant difference(s) was found(observed ) betweenand 与之间(无)有显著差别P value P 值(需写出具体数字)was closely
11、related to 与密切相关表示相互关系的常用词还有 relationship(关系),association(联系),regression(回归)。D 表示改善或保持demonstrated a significant improvement in 方面呈明显改善values returned to (preoperative)levels 值恢复到(手术前)水平remained at a mean of 保持在平均值水平5)表达结论的常用句型A 常用提示句型These results suggest that结果提示These findings indicate that 这些发现表明
12、The data (study )show the need for 数据(研究)表明需要The results support the concept that 结果支持的概念Our observations confirm that 我们的观察证实imply(提示),demonstrate(证明)和 illustrate(说明)B 做出结论或建议We conclude that 我们的结论是 We suggest that我们建议 We believe that 我们认为We postulate that我们设想It is concluded that 结论是It is suggested
13、 (proposed)that 结果提示,建议(虚拟语气)It is recommended that 建议It is estimated that 估计 is(are)suggested(recommended)propose asC 表示一致性These results accord with 结果与一致The results are concordant with结果与一致The results agree well with结果与一致be consistent with,in accordance with(与一致)to parallel(与相平行)D 结果转向结论Thus,there
14、fore,hence 因此,In conclusion 最后,From this study,we conclude that 根据本项研究,我们的结论是These findings,coupled with the observation that,suggest that这些发现连同对的观察结果一起,提示In the light of this experience we therefore conclude that 根据这个经验,我们得出的结论E 表达今后方向The mechanisms by whichremain to be investigated 关于的机制仍需研究Further studies are necessary to (evaluate) 有必要进一步研究,以(评价)