1、M smEK1 L s,EM s,;n Hn. TM smE TmZE.M V h P9mV, L 9$ HW . TEM1,V ZE Vb L s,E(q)M, MMB 1“ . 1“,1|M p.|b 0 o!, a,an Y7, 0 ! C7 WMn smE1,TmE, ZE /:1 .V1 T9 MM,TV5 Ub2 .MVS, M |ONO , Nbnm3(b)a7 (b)a9().60oB3M120bB3M, M Z7Z1,# V5 |o N : = ebBbbb(O N , =b:bBs ,bb)Ol=obbB5 1a(o M : =b,bbBsbb) , N :V= (ebBe
2、bb)n+ (bbbBe : :b)n(H := (b 31bb), + (e i o.- e. )m). 6BVS |O: = e:bBbb(O , = s s:b) , o: = (erbb. ), + (bbbBe : :b)(O: =(ebbBb,bb), + (b10 0Bbbb), , N :b5, = (bbBebb), + (ebbBs , ,b), + (b: :bBe) ,m, (N : = (bbbBbibb), + (biBb. ), + (5 0Bb), ) .nmsb)3.m2M , Ma |OD , K |O E ; = 0, D E ,:ZF : .5V5 1,
3、OF I = , :o30 okg / o m ,OF : =: =B9 0k g / o m ,(Eb; = 2pkg /bm , )(Eb, =B84 /o m , )4 . Z_ H,:VS |O A =b;bBbo ,1A L(8bBm wLB,1BLVS oO , j(bbBsnb)(bbBbo )a, V b,nm4 . M Z_ 4nB3M M , Vm6a3a10= 4 ,BmE b= 4o(Eb= 4. 0 5b)1 EmE,TMl,5 S =.4mE1o,9 mVms1%.1 2t. bB.B-B _BBB_BBBBB- . . , ., CB-F. -B 4 B- - .
4、B- B- - - _ _ _Bio).l .q,my=b , 9,67epO7,“21bJ ,0.m5.-Y1,c hJ. Q -:.9.YB,?6x.67,BB51 1 -JB!5wBpww._B .ll: ,1.B . 1 .1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! f 1 1BB_ llmnBll. , , , g,m. . . . . .g g g. .ccc0OE E E11BBBeBB. 7l1yyyI BB g g g.BB=. Oe _, 5BBvvv_2,5 6 7 Vi )nlm3 ( o )M smE1,m , mxm g. nq,10Qe,65m45.- 3 P Fcb oN,
5、 gBa , ,. ,mzz1nl 0Oi, gBm,BO0. . .BBB2 -xxx. eBBBC weqBBe,=BB ff_ - - - - - - - - .BBB2BB,BBEIYm, ,Ic39a6f.? gmBm ,B8B9BO. 1 . , 213o oa,05m2t| E Ez Q am:, m3 (B 2Z: btB y)xaoo F,).).lwwTT / / / l /./ / /, i/ 7/ /_/ /zz) / / , .n/nI C/ / /ww/ / /, /J J J J / / 1J C CBB / _ / / C/ C C/ / / /ddd C C
6、g g C g gl l ! l l+ E EBB nBnB5bnonmn1 ) .50+ 65 60 5 50 , 5 305: 0 75 80 5 V, oB 5BB .B70BB2 5B,bB,oB MBb5B,B, ,BB m4M smE11 =.m , x 4mzfoooB. , C m., “mb. +B .Vfo, a4 gO5,m:0-B|“2q M C 2.(z,oco a m 102B, , g9x.o +. , +o- - JBJBB Bm “m b.-J _ , p. Bsm,b, .QmC.,BIa. 10 C .W m5 (a )l2 2mt b.,BaJB,x,.
7、dm5 ()M smE14 3BB FOmB5 1 l l/ / ,. l! mmn)BBBB/ mmB 1111/ I / _ ,3ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo/ C C C C C C C=. TT i aaB jJB)_ !/ / /nnnnn/ /-) BB ! l IAA/ / / / / ! / /B17/ C Cnn/ Z !) ) / / /l ;./nn/nn+/nnn i( jjjjjzzJ l./nn/ / / /J . . .* / / / / 1/ / 6 6 6 6 6BB) V Vcc C/ , C C C,.B. C Cnn C/
8、,.BBBB JBBBBB rr g g g/B.BBB1 l l l l !E E E E.mmmml lE El +B, 0cJ ,BbnB:_ .0B5 0 5 , 0B20E E EmB Vm5m6E E EB, SB50aBBBmO F, OBBFB .BT0 xBemYc!p aC , 0mZ r C “, .a.ml;lo 2t btq,+)m / 4_mB. , .mmfm44E .-.m.mp =Q S,a aa00 C l grBmllBllB . , ,-0 _. .BB16BB_I0BB.BBmmmmmmBB-iifT.UO.OUn/,B! 0B6,ml :xBl=1x
9、:U/ea Bm. xB Cmm7 ( a )M smE1 46/lvp giy m,0.p/ /bo-3=, . ,.zams ,m7 (b)14 6 2tBBBBBBiB_B_ _ _b-m m.BBBr; i / i nnBBBBBBBB=!w-BfB+) lBBBBBll1. LmBB1io.o=1,Zl, !BBllll F F F F FBBBB)i+/BB/, Z nnli)-/ / / /nnn_ l/nn! BB * * * * * xx/ / / _) C- / G G:/ / / / / / /y/ J C C C C C C C C CBB C C CBBBBBBBB
10、C C C C C C 2, f 1, + 75 701 F50+B5 10cISBFB FBc35BcE E E EB BcJc75Bc FcB55BmM smE17aY JJO= C 0 .B(4-a, l. 2, F h U.X? m0.mm ml,.x.B60 BF, , l0n Jb :, ;mm g: zm)m CYr BcS,. g.m. , 9B .mJ 6 7 . 9aBYb) :a0 Cmm9 (b) .2t bmx M +m. n +E. O7Zx H +Ja3 ,uJfzm r -,pm Mnm9 ()M smE14 9Iz w ,0 / / ,)/ 7!, BBBmm
11、mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm. r/, /BB!/ ,/ b/ nn!zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz /, ,/ /m/B/) l .1nnlAAAAA7/_/ / / B /n/ /B/ / lII nn!/f / / I/ / nn / / / /00/ / / , / /xxxx / /WW / , : P=n=/ =BB1 1 !Z / / C C C/ gooo= Cg g g g C. , .mmmm g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g+ E=0 c s15 F
12、F=G . p FJJE E E EB5 0 .5 20B5BFB, 5BBIm101 2t b ID1Iu s) S2 Ja m es W . Da llyd W illiam F . R iley E x Pe ri m enx1 55 A na l,3M SMy I(EM v Mq4 ZYv FIu ) Z S/ A G r a Ph ie a l M e tho d o f Str e ss A n a ly sis Str a in R o s etteWoYod ja+A b , r a e tT he aua lyoa l m eth o d of str es a lyai s
13、 stra in ro settek eg m u o h m e an dlaFu r in the ex po rlm e n ta l sVN a n a l *15 .T li l.Per be r iv ea1e fu n d am enx1 th eo r y au d g ra Pbies o f g ra Ph i1lof th e s, 58 a na lyai o for d iffer n t ros ette sIn the en d o f his PmPe r , oac u lati v e g ra Phs are g iv en for fiv e ty Pe
14、s o f teof g6 n era l a PPlioa tio n to beb gPlou ed w h e i s be l a n d a lu rn io u m m 3 teriaFare u ,.50 th. t heJIO uxpmtie a n d labo u r m ay be sa ved a fte r e x Peri m e n M.T hbYu l Mo f the ex aPles o a lo u la 4, a ,rn Pa r6d w ith th e a n alyti oa lm .v wbw tha 1 m . th od g u ite re lia ble .
