1、英语构词法中的派生法派生法 ：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。一、 前缀 前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外） ； 后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有： dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- 。 disable disadvantage disagree disappeardisapprove disclose discolour disconnectdiscontinuous discontinue discount discouragedis
2、orderillegal impossible inaccurate inactiveinadaptable inapplicable inconstant inconvenientincredible incurable independent ineffectiveinformal invisible irregular irremovableirrespective irresponsiblemisfortune misguide midinterpret mislead misread mistrust misunderstand misusenonmetal noncooperati
3、on noninvolvementunable unacceptable unaware unbalance unbreakable uncertain unchangeableuncomfortable undecided unemployedundetermined undeveloped unearth uneconomicalunfold unpack untie(2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有： a.前缀 antianti-fascist anti-gas anti-imperialistanti-Japanese War b.前缀 autoautobiography autogr
4、aphy c.前缀 bi- bicentury bilinguald.前缀 coco-operation coauthor coheire.前缀dedeform degrade devaluef.前缀 en- emenable encourage endangerenlarge enrich embitterg. 前缀 ex ex-soldier ex-girlfriend ex-wifeh.前缀 mid- midday midnight midterm mid-agedi. 前缀 multi-multiform multilingual multimedia multipurposej. 2
5、1. 前缀 over- overcrowded overwork overload overproduceoverlook overcomek. 22.前缀 pre-prewar prehistoric prepay preconditionl.前缀 re-rewrite review recyclem.前缀 vice-vice-chairman vice-governor vice-premier vice-president二、 后缀 后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。 (1) 构成名词的后缀常用的有： a、后缀 -age，
6、构成抽象名词marriage percentage shortage storageb.后缀 al- 构成抽象名词arrival refusal approval survivalproposal removalc.后缀 an ， -ian “人” 从事职业者”，构成名词。Italian librarian magician vegetarianmusician politician technician d.后缀 -ance，-ence ，构成名词.appearance allowance existence presenceperformance ignorance influence i
7、ntelligenceevidence diligence guidancepreference significancee.后缀 -dom 构成名词kingdom freedomf、后缀 -ee ， -eer， -er，-or，构成表人的名词 beginner competitor conductor director employeeengineer examinee intervieweetailor volunteerg.后缀 -ess 构成表 “雌性”的名词actress goddess hostess waitressh、后缀 -ful 构成表“ 容量单位” 名词a basketf
8、ul of a handful of mouthful spoonfuli.后缀 -ics 构成学科名词 ：gymnastics physics politics mathematicsj、后缀 -ism ，构成名词Buddhism extremism imperialism terrorismpatriotism socialism tourismk、后缀-ist 构成名词。bioiogist chemist economist specialistextremist geologist physicistl. 后缀 -ment 构成抽象名词advertisement agreement a
9、musement appointment argumentarrangement development embarrassment equipmentestablishment improvement judgment requirement treatmentm.后缀 -ness 构成抽象名词：coolness correctness dampnessm. 后缀 -sion 构成抽象名词 ：aggression comparison conclusion expression invasionpermission tension n. 后缀 -th 构成抽象名词birth depth le
10、ngth strength warmthwidth youth0. 后缀-tion 构成动作名词或抽象名词application celebration classification creationcongratulation consideration consolidation descriptionp.后缀 ure，构成抽象名词failure mixtureq. 以-ity或ty结尾，构成抽象名词ability curiosity electricity equalityidentity majority prosperity society(2) 构成动词的后缀常用的有：a. 后缀
11、-en ，形容词后的-en，构成及物动词。名词后的-en 构成形容词brighten deepen flatten frighten loosensharpen strengthen widenwooden woolenb.后缀 ize，构成及物动词apologize analyse categorizeorganize realize(3) 构成形容词的后缀常用的有： a.后缀 -able acceptable adjustable admirable avoidableunbelievable comparable endurable incrediblereasonable recycl
12、eable respectablevaluable visible b、后缀 al 构成形容词environmental grammatical natural occasionaloriginal operational personal politicalpractical professional traditional universalc、后缀-ant/-ent，构成形容词distant important patient convenientpermanent urgent violentservantd、后缀 -ed 构成形容词：astonished delighted expe
13、rienced learnedskilled unitede.后缀 -ful，构成形容词careful doubtful dreadful regretful resourcefulforgetful frightful hopeful respectful tearfulf. 后缀 ic， 构成形容词basic economic enthusiastic electric energeticheroic historic systematicg. 后缀 ing 构成名词或形容词amusing astonishing flaming greetingmisunderstanding promi
14、sing satisfying suffering training h. 后缀 -ish 构成形容词：feverish foolish Swedish Spanishi. 后缀 ive， 构成形容词aggressive attractive instructivepersuasive predictivej.后缀 less，构成否定形容词careless hopeless helplessk、后缀 -ly 构成的形容costly daily friendly lively lonely lovelyl. 后缀 ous 或 -ious 构成形容词 ：adventurous ambitious
15、consciousenvious humorous industriousmountainous religious various m.后缀-y 构成的形容词或名词bloody bravery difficulty honesty icy loyalty(4) 构成副词的常用后缀有： a.后缀-ly或ingly 构成的副词accurately constantly effectivelyfrequently generally indirectly三、经典例题2. The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mo
16、unt Tai.A. die B. dead C. died D. death5.The three- _chair isnt suitable for a young child. He may fall off.A. legging B. legged C. legs D. leged7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked_about at his classmates.A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely8.To everyones
17、_，the girl finished the job quite well.A. satisfied B. satisfactoryC. satisfying D. satisfaction10. No one should enter the spot without the_of the police.A. permit B. permissionC. permitting D. permittence四、专项训练1. You must come with us to the police _.Our head is waiting for you.A. headquarters B.
18、headlineC. headmaster D. headache2.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it _.A. intend B. intentionC. intentionally D. intentional3. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a_smile.A. practice B. practiseC. practical D. practiced4. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the
19、_news about Iraq War? A. lately B. latestC. later D. latter5. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in _.A. longer B. lengthC. long D. longing6.To my _，I passed the exam easily.A. joy B. joyfulC. joyless D. joyness7. Canada is mainly an_country.A. English-speaking B. speak-EnglishC. spoken-English D.
20、English-spoken8. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. Its of great _.A. valuable B. valueC. valueless D. unvaluable9.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is_.A. sound B. silentC. silence D. sounded10. What you said sounded_ but in fact it was untrue.A. reasonable B. reasonfulC. reasonless D.
21、unreason11. We have to learn _technology from other countries.A. advance B. advancingC. advantage D. advanced12.Youd better give up smoking if you want to keep _.A. health B. healthyC. healthily D. healthier13._ speaking，I didnt do it on purpose.A. Honestly B. Honest C. Honesty D. Dishonest五、课堂总结1、否
22、定前缀、其他前缀2、名词、形容词、副 词、动词常用后缀。六、课后作业一、请用括号里给出的词汇的正确形式填空。1. I wrote him a letter to show my_(appreciate) of his thoughtfulness.2. The first tomb was built at the_(begin) of the 15th century. 3. Painting is a _(create) process. 4. For our homework tonight, we have to write a _(describe) of the street wh
23、ere we live. 5. The _ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich. 6. Id just like to _ (emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign language.7. My grandfather is as_(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all. 8. The first lesson was very_(e
24、njoy)-I like it a lot! 9. These discoveries proved the_(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200.000 years ago. 10. A smile is the universal_(face) expression-it is intended to put people at ease. 11. Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for
25、being_(fashion). 14. The accused man proved his_(innocent) of the crime. 12. The governments new scheme is designed to help the_(job). 13. The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from_(lonely). 14. How lucky he was! He won the lottery and now he is a _(million).15. They had the _(fortune) to b
26、e hit by a violent storm. 16. 21. He lives in a _(mountain) district, where traffic is extremely inconvenient. 17. I am so full that I couldnt ear another _(mouth). 18. We must pay special attention to the_(mystery) stranger. 19. Try to act_(nature), even if you are tense. 20. After the race, I felt my heart beating_(violence)
