1、,英语语法知识扫盲,一、词类 （一）实词 1.名词 teacher,desk 2.代词 we,he,it,some,any,either 3.数词 three,one,first,thirty 4.动词 表示动作或者状态 be,work,working,worked,buy 5.形容词 good,big,small, 6.副词 表示动作特征或性状特征 fast,early,nearly,often,hard （二）虚词 1.冠词 放名词前面表示泛指或者特指 a/an/the,2.介词 表示名词或代词与其他词的关系 in,at,from 3.连词 连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子 and,if
2、 4.感叹词 oh,ah二、句子成分 1.主语 表示句子描述的“是谁”或者“什。么”。通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句充当., Walking is good for our health. To be a good student isnt easy. When we shall have our parents meeting is still a question.,2. 谓语动词 说明主语的动作或者状态，由动词或者动词短语担任。 We study English. You are safe now. He gets up early.3. 表语 说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身
3、份，与连系动词一起构成复合谓语，通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词、或从句等担任。,联系动词按其含义可以分为二类。 类型1:表示状态和状态的持续,如: be(是), seem(似乎), look(看起来), appear(似乎), feel(觉得), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), keep(保持), remain(保持), stand(站立), lie(躺), stay(停留)等。 类型2:表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态,如: become(变成), go(变得), get(变得), turn(变成), grow(
4、长成), fall(变成某种状态), come(成为), run(变成)等。 补充：一些感官动词也可以作联系动词（link.v）例如：look, sound , smell, taste, feel, see, watch, hear 等。,4. 宾语 表示及物动词或者及物动词短语的对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词短语，通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任。5. 定语 修饰或限定名词名词或代词用的；通常由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任。,6. 补语 补充说明主语或者宾语用的。We elected him monitor.7. 同位语8. 插
5、入语To my surprise, you can do it!Who do you think will win?,三、简单句的五种基本句型 主语+连系动词+表语 主语+不及物动词Tom died.Great changes have taken place.We study hard. 主语+及物动词+宾语We are living a happy life.He pick it up. 4. 主语+及物动词+双宾,I gave him some money. I gave some money to him.I bought him a book. I bought a book for him.,5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+补语We think the job easy.We made him a monitor.The news made me excited.,四、句子种类 陈述句She arrived quite early.She isnt very fat. 疑问句 1）一般疑问句 2）特殊疑问句 3）选择疑问句 4）反意疑问句 祈使句 感叹句,五、句子的类型 简单句 并列句 复合句（名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句）,Goodbye!,
