1、Unit 1 Growing up,Youth is wholly experimental.- Robert Louis Stevenson,About Growing Up.,1. Have you ever watched the American soap opera “Growing Pains“? Do you like the it?,About Growing Up.,2. When you were young kids, have you ever been eager to grow up?3. How about now? Do you like being an ad
2、ult? Or do you start dreaming about being a kid once again?,Text A Writing for myself,Contents,Warm-up,Background information,Discourse analysis,Language study,After-reading activities,Warm-up,Warm up your Mouth!A big black bug bit a big black bear and made the big black bear bleed blood.,Warm-up,Wa
3、rm up your Brain!What was your impression of your first English teacher in your life? Do you like him/her? Why or why not? Think of a word to describe him/her.,Warm-up,Have you ever been praised by your teachers out of your expectation? When was that? Why were you praised?Have you tried any western
4、food? Do you like it?What do you know about spaghetti?,Background Information,4,1,2,3,- About the author,Background Information,Russell BakerBorn on Aug. 14, 1925.American Pulitzer prize-winning writer and journalist. Well-known for his satirical commentary and self-critical prose, as well as for hi
5、s autobiography, Growing Up.,Background Information,- About Pulitzer Prize,The Pulitzer Prize is a prize given in the United States. The prize is considered a very high prize given for jounalism and other literary work of very high standard. It is also given for musical composition. Columbia Univers
6、ity in New York City manages the prize. Prizes are given in 21 fields. The winner gets $10,000 cash award and a certificate.,Background Information,- About Italian noodles,Italian noodles, or pasta is a staple food(主食) of traditional Italian cuisine. It takes the form of unleavened（未经发酵的）dough made
7、in Italy mostly of durum wheat (硬粒小麦), water and sometimes eggs. Pasta comes in a variety of different shapes that serve for both decoration and to act as a carrier for the different types of sauce.,Background Information,- About Italian noodles,There are hundreds of different shapes of pasta with a
8、t least locally recognised names. Examples include spaghetti (thin strings), macaroni (tubes), and lasagne (sheets).,Background Information,- About spaghetti,Background Information,- About spaghetti,A pile of uncooked spaghetti,Spaghetti is cooked by boiling the pasta with salt in water until soft,B
9、ackground Information,Will you eat in this way?,- About spaghetti,Background Information,- About spaghetti,Do you think there really is an art of eating spaghetti?poke 戳 scoop 挖 prong 尖头remainder 剩余物 twirl 快速转动,Yes!,Background Information,- About spaghetti,The Right Way of Eating Spaghetti1.Hold the
10、 fork in your hand as if to poke the spaghetti.2.Scoop up a small amount of spaghetti on your fork and raise it about 30cm above your plate.3.Make sure the spaghetti on your fork is completely disconnected from the remainder on your plate.4.Put the prongs of the fork at an edge of the plate that is
11、free of food.,Background Information,- About spaghetti,5.Quickly point the prongs of the fork straight down toward the plate and place the points on the plate.6.Twirl the fork to gather the spaghetti around the prongs.7.With a quick scooping movement, gather up the roll around the prongs and place i
12、t in your mouth.8.Gently gather up any stray spaghetti ends that dont make it all the way into your mouth.,Background Information,- About American school system,Grade school system in the U.S.:In the United States, education is the responsibility of individual states, not of the federal government,
13、so requirements may vary from one state to another. Generally speaking:,Background Information,- About American school system,kindergarten ：under 5 years old elementary/ primary school (grades 16): 611 years oldjunior high/middle school (grades 78): 1213 years oldsenior/high school (grades 912): 141
14、7 years oldcollege, institute, academy （学院），university,Discoures Analysis,4,1,2,3,Discourse analysis,What sequence/pattern does the author follow to compose the essay?A problem-solution B cause-effectC general-specificD time / chronological sequence,问题-解决(问答) 因果 概括-具体 时间 顺序,- About writing,Scan the
15、text, try to find out all the time words, expressions and clauses.,Discourse analysis,since my childhood in Belleville (Para. 1) until my third year in high school (Para. 1) until then (Para. 1) when our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English (Para. 2) late in the year (Para. 3) un
16、til the night before the essay was due (Para. 3) when I finished (Para. 6) next morning (Para. 6) two days passed (Para. 6) when I saw him lift my paper from his desk . (Para. 6) when Mr. Fleagle finished (Para. 9),- About writing,Discourse analysis,What type is this essay?A narrationB descriptionC
17、expositionD argumentation,记叙文 描写文 说明文 议论文,- About writing,Do you know how to write a narrative essay?,Discourse analysis,How to write a narrative (1)When planning a narrative, you should consider the following points:,- About writing,Discourse analysis,Russell Baker is very good at choosing details
18、to prove his point. Go through para. 2, find out what details are given to show that Mr. Fleagle was dull and rigid.,- About writing,Discourse analysis,- About writing,Mr. Fleagle,dullness & inability formal,rigid, out of date sixty or seventy, excessively prim primly severe wavy, primly cut & priml
19、y combed prim suit, prim neckties primly pointed primly straightprim, correct, gentlemanly,Reputaion: Impression: Age: Eyeglasses: Hair: Clothes: Jaw: Nose: Manner of speaking:,Discourse analysis,True or False 1.Baker had never thought of becoming a writer until he was in the eleventh grade.2. Teach
20、ers found it painful to read students long and lifeless essays.,- About understanding,Discourse analysis,3.Before Mr. Fleagle became the English teacher for Bakers class, the English course had been interesting. 4.In Bakers opinion, Mr. Fleagle was really a formal, rigid and out-of-date teacher only
21、 because of Fleagles manner of speaking.,- About understanding,Discourse analysis,Multiple Choice 1.At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagles English course was _ .A. interestingB. dullC. hopefulD. attractive,- About understanding,Discourse analysis,2.In Bakers opinion, the title of the composition “What
22、 I Did on My Summer Vacation ” was _ .A. dullB. unfruitfulC. difficultD. foolish and dull,- About understanding,Discourse analysis,3. Baker liked to write a composition with the title “The Art of Eating Spaghetti” because _.A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten spaghetti beforeB. they argued wit
23、h each other at the supperC. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new thenD. it reminded him of the pleasure of that evening,- About understanding,Discourse analysis,Scan the text and give each paragraph a heading.,- Structure,Bakers feeling about English courses Bakers impression of his new English t
24、eacher A topic that attracts Bakers attention Vivid memories the title brought back Bakers sudden desire to write about that topic Anticipating punishment Mr. Fleagles announcement Classmates response to the essay What Baker discovered,Discourse analysis,- Part Division,12,35,69,1,2,3,Baker was bore
25、d by everything associated with English courses, including essay writing.,Baker found himself attracted by one particular topic and wrote about it for his own joy.,The experience of writing the essay helped him discover his talent for writing and realize what he wished to do in life.,Discourse analy
26、sis,- About Style,1. Russell Baker is good at selecting details to prove his point. 2. Besides,Repetition is employed not only to make it easy for readers to follow what he is saying, but also to impress them more deeply.,Go through Para 2 and Para 5 again, find out what has been repeated. Para 2: 9
27、 prims or primlys a vivid picture of what Mr. Fleagle looked like Para 5: 5 I wanteds help to emphasize authors strong desire to write for himself.,Discourse analysis,- About Style,3.On the other hand, Baker is also expert in avoiding repetition by using synonyms where repetition is not justified. G
28、o over the text, find out all the synonymous words and phrases for the following given words. dull(l4): anticipate(l8): formal(l10):pleasure(l54):,delight (L. 55), happiness (L. 58),lifeless (L. 5), cheerless (L. 8), tedious (L. 8),prepare for (L. 16),rigid (L10), prim (L11), correct (L15), proper (
29、L41), respectable (L. 41),Discourse analysis,- About Style,turn out(l5): vivid memories of sth. come flooding back to sb.(l25):recapture(l35): contempt(l52): topic(l22):,sth. reawakes in sbs mind (L30), sb. recalls sth.(L31),relive (L. 36),ridicule (L. 52),title (L. 24),write (L. 6), put down (L. 34
30、), compose (L. 41),Discourse analysis,- About Style,4. Cohesion:衔接. Baker provides us with a good exmple of using linking words/phrases.,How many linking words and phrases can you find? Since， But, As， And, However, whats more.,Discourse analysis,- About Style,4. Coherence:连贯，前后照应In the eleventh gra
31、de, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. (Para. 9),The idea of becoming a writer had come to me since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasnt until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. (Para. 1),Language Study,Click to add title in here,1,2,3,Language
32、 Study,- Words & Phrases,off and on (L1): or on and offfrom time to time; now and again; irregularly断断续续的eg: It has been raining on and off for a week. Thats why the clothes feel damp.,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,take hold (L3): become established 生根，固定下来eg: Old habits die hard. Thats why you s
33、hould stop smoking before the habit takes hold. take hold of = get hold of grasp, grib sth. tightly 抓住，紧握 eg: Just take hold of that branch there and steady yourself by that. 就抓住那根树桠,然后站稳。,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,associate (L3):vt. join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind 将（人或
34、事物）联系起来; 在头脑中联想（主意等） eg: 我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。 We often associate Egypt with pyramids.,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,turn out (L5): come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc. 在场，露面，集合，出席 prove to be 结果是，证明是 shut off 关掉，关闭 produce; make 培养出某人; 生产或制造某物 eg: 1.A large group of protesters have
35、 turned out. 2.The school has turned out some great scholars. 3.The plan turned out a failure. 4. Remember to turn out the lights before you go to bed.,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,anticipate (L8): vt. expect 期望，预料 eg: The police had anticipated trouble from the soccer fans and were at the groun
36、d in large numbers. 他们预料到2005年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。 They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2005. anticipate + doing / that-clause We anticipate hearing from you again.,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,tedious(L8): adj. boring and lasting for a long time 冗长乏味的; 使人厌烦的 eg:The movie was so
37、tedious that many viewers left before it was over. Laura found George to be tedious and decided not to see him any more.,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,inspire(L9): vt. fill (sb.) with confidence, eagerness, etc. 启示, 激发; 赋予灵感 eg: Martin Luther King, Jr.s speeches inspired people to fight for equal
38、 treatment of African Americans.inspire sth. in sb .(= inspire sb. with sth.) 使某人产生某种感情; 激发某人的某种感情 The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on.,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,severe (L11): adj. 1) completely plain （指风格 外貌 衣物等）无装饰的, 简单的, 朴素的 eg:
39、The widow wore a severe black dress to her husbands funeral. 海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。 Hemingway is known for his severe writing style. 2) stern; strict 严格的; 严厉的; 苛刻的; 纪律严明的 Fu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry.,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,3) causing very great pain, difficul
40、ty, worry, etc. 非常恶劣 紧张 困难等 The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack. 工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品，才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。 A factory must turn out newer and better products to win in the climate of severe business competition.,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,severe, stern & st
41、rict severe 作“严厉”解时，可以用来形容人,人的面貌,人的态度 eg:severe father严厉的父亲 severe look严厉的神色 The teacher is severe with his students.教师对学生很严厉。 stern与severe相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容貌或态度。 a stern father vs. a severe father： 前者则指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意味较多；后者指对于子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多 strict 相当于汉语的“严格的”，须先假定有一种客观的标准（如规章、纪律、定义、真理等）。 eg:The
42、re is a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium.,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,tackle (L17): vt. deal with 应付，处理，对付eg: Toshiba (东芝) recently designed a robot that can tackle almost any kinds of house-work. The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know h
43、ow to tackle it.,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,face up to (L21): be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or difficulty) 勇敢地对付;面对事实 eg: 既然你女儿已经诞生了，你就要承担起做父亲的责任。 Now that your daughter was born, youll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.,Language Study,- Words & Phra
44、ses,sequence(L24): n. connected line of events, ideas, etc. 有次序的事情 数字 行动等 eg: 连续的歉收（bad harvest）迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助（foreign aid）。 A sequence of bad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid. CF: sequence & series sequence 是指“先后衔接的次序”。这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；也可以是逻辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“语无
45、伦次”中的“伦次”。例如：,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,I have a poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence of events.,我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。,Your argument lacks logical sequence, for your second point does not follow the first.,你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序，因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。,series是指“系列”、“组”，可以有先后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列或 一组的
46、东西一定自成一个完整的单位。例如：,Professor Li will give a series of lectures on the Middle East issue.,李教授将就中东问题作一系列的讲座。,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,Collocation： in sequence in rapid sequence in regular sequence the sequence of events,顺次，挨次,紧接着，一个接着一个,按次序，有条不紊,事情的先后顺序,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,recall (
47、L31): vt. bring back to the mind; remember (usu. followed by noun/gerund, or that-clause) 回忆; 记起 I recognize the face but cant recall her name. I dont recall ever meeting her. She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that afternoon.CF: recall, remember & remind 这三个词都与“记忆”有关，前两个词有时可通用。 recal
48、l“想起”，把忘记的东西又想起来了，其动作包含有意识的努力，因此常与can，could等词连用，强调一次的回忆。例如：,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,Try as I might, I could not recall where I had left the book.,我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。,I remember her face but I cannot recall where I met her.,我记得她的脸，但是想不起在什么地方见过她。,remember“想起”，用法比较广泛，指事物自然在记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志。例如：,I s
49、uddenly remembered I had left the book in the library.,我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。,如果remember表示有意识的行动，常指“记住”。例如：,You must remember this phone number.,你必须记住这个电话号码。,Language Study,- Words & Phrases,remind指“使某人想起”，“提醒”，宾语是人。具体用法如下：1）接宾语； 2）接宾语of宾语；3）接宾语不定式； 4）接宾语+that-clause。 例如：,1) If I forget it, please remind me.,如果我忘了，请提醒我。,2) This reminds me of last year.,这使我想起去年的事。,3) Remind me to write to Mother.,
