1、Challenging Yourself Love for Parents 爱父母,1. celebrate v. 庆祝; 庆贺 (1)celebration n. 庆祝；典礼；赞美；歌颂 have/hold a celebration 举行庆祝会 in celebration of 为了庆祝 a celebration of. . . 对的赞美/颂扬 (2)celebrator n. 庆祝者 (3)celebrated adj. 有名的；知名的,We held a party to celebrate our success. 我们举行聚会庆祝我们的成功。 The villagers had
2、 a celebration for the newly-built village. 村民们为新村的建成开了个庆祝会。 The party was in celebration of their fiftieth wedding anniversary. 这次聚会是为庆祝他们的金婚。,庆祝，宾语是事，其名词形式是celebration。,祝贺、道贺, 宾语是人，可构成短语congratulate sb. on sth. /doing sth. 祝贺某人某事，其名词形式是congratulation。,【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空,Heartily _ you _ your election
3、. 衷心祝贺你当选。 How do people _ New Year in your country? 你们国家的人怎样庆祝新年？,congratulate,on,celebrate,2. persuade v. 说服；劝说；使（某人）相信 Dont let yourself be persuaded into buying/to buy things you dont really need. 不要被说服买你实际上并不需要的东西。 I finally persuaded him _ _ _/_ _ _ . 我最终说服了他戒烟。,out of smoking not to smoke,【辨析
4、】理解下列区别并选词填空 persuade强调说服，含有劝说成功之意；而advise相当于try to persuade, 只表示劝说的动作，不表结果，可能成功也可能不成功。,He _ me to go with him, but I wouldnt. Ive _ him to stop drinking by advising him many times.,advised,persuaded,【归纳】_ =_ 说服某人做某事 _ =_ 说服某人不做某事,persuade sb. to do sth.,persuade sb. into doing sth.,persuade sb. not
5、 to do sth.,persuade sb. out of doing sth.,3. figure n. 人物；人士；轮廓；外形；肖像v. 估计，计算；认为 说出下列句中figure的意义： Figures of ancient celebrities in marble can be seen everywhere. ( ) He settled down at the table to work out the exact figure. ( ) She does exercise every morning to keep her figure. ( ),塑像,数字,体形,He w
6、as one of the leading political figures of this century. ( ) That morning I saw a tall figure in black before your gate. ( ) I figured that I could get to Scotland by morning. ( ) The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to figure out its reality. ( ),人物,人影,认为,弄清,【
7、助记】Being a popular social figure, she always has to appear with a fine figure in public and figures out ways to attract the attention of the majority. 作为一位受欢迎的公众人物，她必须总是以姣好的体形出现在公众面前并且设法吸引大众的注意力。,4. favour v. 支持；拥护；赞同n. 喜爱；恩惠，帮忙；优惠 China favours neither North Korea nor South Korea. 中国既不偏袒朝鲜也不偏袒韩国。 I
8、 asked a favour of him once, but he refused. 我请他帮忙，但他拒绝了。,Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it. 他们大部分人赞成我的观点，而戴维反对。 Will you do me a favour and take this to the post office for me? 你可以帮我把这个拿到邮局吗？,【归纳】_ 请某人帮忙 _ 帮某人的忙（做） _ 赞同；有利于,ask a favour of sb.,do sb. a favour （of
9、doing/to do）,in favour of,【真题链接】 2011湖北, 30When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men. A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of 【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意：当被问及关于校长的意见时，许多老师希望他能让位于更年轻的人。in terms of依据，按照；in need of需
10、要；in favor of赞成；支持；in praise of称赞，赞颂。根据句意应选C。,5. protect. . . from 保护使不受；挡住 Im protecting myself from mosquitoes. 我正在保护自己不被蚊子咬。 He put on the sunglasses to _ his eyes _ the strong sunlight. 他戴上太阳镜以保护眼睛免受日光的强烈照射。,protect,from,（1）protect. . . against保护以防（强调较大的事情，如敌人的入侵、天灾等）keep+宾语+from doing （2）stop+宾
11、语+(from) doingprevent+宾语+（from） doing,阻止做某事,【点津】,It is their duty to protect their friends from the enemy. 保护朋友不受敌人的伤害是他们的责任。_ lan on time. 大雨使我们不能按时实施计划。,The heavy rain,carrying out the,kept us from,stopped us (from),prevented us (from),6. While many countries of the world celebrate their own Mothe
12、rs Day at different times throughout the year, a great number of countries recognise the second Sunday of May as Mothers Day, including Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium. 尽管世界上许多国家在一年的不同时间庆祝他们各自的母亲节，但有许多国家把五月份的第二个星期天定为母亲节，这些国家包括丹麦，芬兰，意大利，土耳其，澳大利亚和比利时。,while是一个连接副词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽
13、管，虽然”，一般用于句首。 While he loves his students，he is very strict with them. 尽管他爱他的学生们，但是对他们要求很严格。 While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。,【拓展】（1）while作并列连词用，意思为“而，然而”，表对比。 （2）while用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意思为“当时候，在期间”。从句中的谓语动词必须为持续性动词。, _ _ _ _ to t
14、he radio，she fell asleep. 当她听收音机的时候睡着了。 The walls are green, _ _ _ _ _ . 墙是绿色的，而天花板是白色的。,While she was listening,while the ceiling is white,【真题链接】 2011陕西, 19_ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. A. Since B. While C. If D. As 【解析】选B。句意：尽管他们都是很有实力的求职者，但是只有一个人会被选中担任
15、这一职位。since既然，由于；自从；while尽管；if如果；as因为，作“尽管”讲时，句子要倒装。因此只有B项符合。,【拓展延伸】 （1）although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用 He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money. 虽然他很有钱，但并不幸福。,【想一想】你还学过什么词引导让步状语从句,（2）even if (though)even if从句中可以用陈述语气，也可使用虚拟语气。意为“即使”。 Even though/if it
16、is raining, well go there. (陈述语气) 即使下雨，我们也要去那里。 Even if I were busy, I would go. (虚拟语气) 即使我忙，也得去。,（3）as或though引导让步状语从句倒装的情况 as 或though引导的从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。,（4）whether. . . or. . . （不管还是）；疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词（不管；无论）
17、 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 不管你相信与否，那是真的。 Whatever(=No matter what) you say, he wont believe you. 无论你说什么，他不会相信你的话。,（1）harm及相关词汇的用法 （2）support的用法及与其他动词的辨析 （3）hold相关短语 （4）otherwise的意义及用法,1. Every member tries their best to finish the important work, _ they arent permitted to go home on
18、 time. A. therefore B. meanwhile C. otherwise D. somehow 【解析】选C。考查副词辨析。句意：每个成员都尽力完成这项重要的工作，否则他们就不能准时回家。otherwise否则，不然；therefore因此；meanwhile与此同时；somehow用某种方法。,2. Doctors always tell us that drinking too much wine _ our health, but some people dont care. A. is harm to B. does harmful to C. is harmful
19、to D. do harm to 【解析】选C。句意：医生总是给我们讲：喝酒太多对健康有害，但有些人就是不在乎。be harmful to=do harm to对有害，有害于；drinking too much wine是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。,3. I _ International Milan while my son is in favor of AC Milan. A. consider B. support C. confirm D. submit 【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：我支持国际米兰而我儿子喜欢AC米兰。consider“认为”，suppo
20、rt“支持”，confirm“确定，证实”，submit“替代”。所以只有B项符合句意。,4. 用hold短语的正确形式完成句子 The freezing rain _ (阻碍) the traffic of Guizhou onJanuary 4th, 2011. The line was engaged and the operator asked if Id like_ (不挂断电话). He _（伸出） his hands, and the cat came up to him. These measures helped to _（控制） the citys population.,
21、held up,to hold on,held out,hold down,非谓语动词 动词的-ing形式 动词的-ing形式的用法考查常见于高考试题中，主要考查作宾语以及作定语和状语。在复习时应该注意以下几个方面：1. 掌握动词-ing形式的句法功能；2. 掌握动词-ing形式的时态和语态；3. 学会分析句子结构，分清动词-ing形式的主动和被动。,1. 2011四川, 2Lydia doesnt feel like _ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study 【解析】选B。 考查非谓语
22、动词。句意：莉迪亚不想去国外学习，她的父母年纪都很大了。feel like doing sth. 想做某事，是固定搭配，故选B。,2. 2011全国卷, 27The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：紧接着，他看到从房子后面升起了烟。此处rising from behind the house作定语修饰前面的smoke。rise是不及物动词，与smoke之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且强调rise这一动作正在发生，故用
23、v. -ing形式。to rise表示动作发生在将来；risen强调动作的完成。,3. 2011山东, 27Look over theretheres a very long, winding path _ up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：看那里有一条长长的蜿蜒的小路通向那所房子。lead to表示“通向”，该短语与前面的path之间为主谓关系，用现在分词作定语，相当于定语从句. . . which/that leads up to the house. 。,4. 2011江西,
24、32On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. A. says B. said C. saying D. to say 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒的时候，戈登先生立刻从办公室冲回家。非谓语动词修饰phone call，前后动词的动作在同一时间发生，表主动进行用现在分词的形式。故选C。,5. 2011上海，27Its no use _ without taking action. A. c
25、omplain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：光抱怨而不采取行动是没用的。根据固定句型Its no use doing sth. “做某事没有意义”可知选B。,6. 2011江苏, 31Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. compared B. comparing C. compa
26、res D. being compared,【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：最近一项调查比较了两个不同超市中相同商品的价格，这在市民中间引起了激烈的辩论。分析句子结构可知主语a survey之后谓语动词has caused之前的部分作定语修饰主语，且从句意上存在主谓关系，故选B项。A项表示被动，C项为谓语形式，D项表示正在进行的被动，都可排除。,7. 2011全国卷, 18Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying 【解析】选D。考查非谓语
27、动词。句意：萨拉假装很高兴，关于争论什么也没说。say和逻辑主语Sarah之间是主谓关系，故使用现在分词saying，答案为D。,8. 2011上海，33At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, _ that he could do nothing to help. A. to realize B. realized C. realizing D. being realized 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：我一度下定决心和山姆叔叔交谈。然后，当意识到他不能帮忙时，我改变了主意
28、。I 与realize之间是主动关系，因此要用realizing形式表示主动关系，故选C。,9. 2010上海，32I had great difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：在那家饭店里，我很难在菜单上找到合适的食物。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难，故选D。,10. 2010四川，17The lawyer listened with full a
29、ttention, _ to miss any point. A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：律师全神贯注地听，尽量不漏掉任何一点。句中listened和try not to miss为同时进行的动作，故用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语；根据句意应将动词不定式变为否定式。故选项B正确。,11. 2009上海，35Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A.
30、having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：比尔建议在假期中召开一个有关上海世博会事宜的会议。suggest doing sth. 建议做某事。,表1 动词的-ing形式的时态和语态,一般式,doing,being done,表示动作和谓语动词动作同时发生,I approved of his taking part in the project.,完成式,having done,having been done,表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,Having finished the lessons, all the s
31、tudents went back home.,1. 动词need, require, want作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示某事需要被做。,The window needs/wants/requires cleaning/to be cleaned. 窗户需要擦一下。,2. be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。,The place is worth visiting. 这个地方值得参观。,3. 有些动词如admit, forget, remember, deny, apologize, regret, thank等以及after等介
32、词后的动名词可用一般式表达完成式的意义。,I forgot meeting her in 1990. 我忘记了曾在1990年见过她。,表2 动词的-ing形式的功能,主语,常用于以下句型： It is/was+no use/good+doing sth. It is/was not any use /good doing sth. It is/was of little use/good doing sth. It is/was useless doing sth.,It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is of little good stayin
33、g up too late every day.,宾语,只能跟-ing形式作宾语的动词或动词短语：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider(考虑), dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, forgive, finish, imagine, mind, miss(错过)，practise, risk, suggest, be used to(习惯于)，cant help(禁不住)，cant stand(无法忍受)，give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, lead to, look forw
34、ard to, put off, devote. . . to, stick to, object to, get down to等,The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed being caught. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.,表语,说明主语的具体内容,Her job is giving piano lessons
35、to children.,同位语,补充说明前面名词或代词的内容,His chief hobby, sailing a boat, cost him most of his salary.,定语,1. 动名词：表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。 2. 现在分词：相当于一个定语从句，强调经常性状态或动作的进行。单个分词要前置，短语要后置。,He is swimming in a swimming pool. The houses being built are for the teachers.,宾语补 足语,1. 宾语与v. -ing形式有主谓关系； 2. v. -ing形式所表示的动作正在进行。,
36、Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.,状语,1. 一般式：与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生或在其后发生。 2. 完成式：与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生。,Hearing the news, they got excited. Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it.,1. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前加not。 2. 动词-ing形式的复合结构充当主语时只能用 sb. s doing sth. , 而充当宾语时，sb. s
37、/sb. doing sth. 两者都能使用。 Xiao Wangs coming late made his teacher very angry. All of us understood Mikes/Mike/him/his not being admitted to Shandong University. 3. 动词-ing形式的一些常见结构 (1)generally/frankly/personally speaking, judging from/by, considering, speaking of等没有形式的变化，即不需要考虑与其逻辑主语的关系。 (2)There is n
38、o point in doing sth. 做某事无意义。 (3)There is no possibility of doing sth. 不可能做某事。,1. 2012成都模拟As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ , and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：当交通灯变绿时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，问自己我要干什么。I 与move之间为主动关系，故用现在分
39、词。,2. Scientists have created the worlds smallest“snowman” _ about a fifth of the width of a human hair. A. measures B. measuring C. measured D. to measure 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们制造了世界上最小的“雪人”，宽度是人的一根头发的五分之一。measure 在句中表示“量度为”，snowman和measure之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明宾语的状况。,3. 2012太原模拟Microblogs experi
40、enced rapid growth in 2010 in China, with the number of microblog operators, users and visitors _ several times. A. to increase B. increasing C. increased D. increase 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。后半句是with复合结构，意在表明微博的经营者、使用者和访问者的数量增加了好几倍。宾语与increase之间是主谓关系，表示状态的持续，故用动词的现在分词形式。,4. 2012宝鸡模拟A terrible air crash happe
41、ned over the Atlantic Ocean, _ 150 passengers. A. killing B. having killed C. killed D. to kill 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：一场可怕的飞机坠毁事故在大西洋上空发生了，150名乘客遇难。根据语意，此处要用现在分词短语作结果状语。,5. _ many failures, I have the courage to meet all challenges. A. Having experienced B. To experience C. Experienced D. Experience 【解析
42、】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：经历了很多次失败后，我有勇气面对所有的挑战。I和experience是主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式作状语。又因experience这一动作发生在have the courage之前，故用现在分词的完成式，故选A。,6. 2012福州模拟Little Tom admitted _ in the shop, _ that he wouldnt do that in future. A. to have stolen; promising B. stealing; promised C. to stealing; promised D. having stolen; p
43、romising 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。第一空admitted后面应该用动名词，排除A、C两项，第二空promising是现在分词作状语，与其逻辑主语Little Tom之间是主谓关系，据此选D。,7. I dont regrether _ what I thought even if it might upset her. A. to tell B. to have told C. having told D. tell 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管可能让她伤心，我不后悔告诉了她我所想的。regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事；regret to do sth.
44、 很遗憾要做某事。,8. 2012苏州模拟Despite a strong wind, children are still looking forward _ the outdoor activity at the weekend. A. to canceling B. not to canceling C. not to cancel D. to not canceling 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管风大，孩子们还是期盼着不要取消周末的户外活动。look forward to期盼，to为介词，因此后面用动名词，动名词的否定形式是在动名词前面加not。,9. 2012温州模拟I
45、ve never dreamed of _ a picture on the wall. A. there be B. there being C. there to be D. there is 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：我从来没想到墙上有幅画。dream of梦想，of为介词，故用there be结构的动名词形式。,10. 2012赣州模拟_ nice， the food was all eaten up soon. A. Tasting B. Taste C. Tasted D. To taste 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：由于好吃，这种食物很快就被吃光了。taste为系动词，the food 与taste为主动关系，故用现在分词短语作原因状语。,11. 2012衡水模拟I really appreciate _ to help me with my maths, but Im afraid that I have no time this week. A. you to offer B. it you offer C. your offering D. this you are offering 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：我真的感激你主动帮我学习数学，但恐怕这周我没时间。appreciate后接动名词而不跟不定式作宾语。,
