1、- 1 -Section Grammar-复习定语从句语法初识原句感知 自主探究1.On a freezing cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking for a group of poachers who/that were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope.2. In the battle which/that followed Jiesang was shot and killed.3. Meanwhile, in those countr
2、ies where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers.4. Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.5. In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve the huge nati
3、onal park on the QinghaiTibetan Plateau, which is the main habitat of the antelopes.6Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much.7. The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India, where it is
4、 made into the shawls.1.句 1、句 2、句3 为限制性定语从句，关系词分别在从句中作主语和地点状语；2句 4 为“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，并在从句中作状语。3句 5、句 6、句 7 为非限制性定语从句，关系词分别在从句中作主语、定语和地点状语。语法剖析语法点一 引导定语从句的关系词1引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法 关系词 指代对象 在从句中所作成分who 指人 主、宾、表whom 指人 宾关系代 which 指物 主、宾、表- 2 -that 既指人又指物 主、宾、表whose 既指人又指物 定词as 既指人又指物 主、宾、表when 指时间 时间状语where
5、指地点 地点状语关系副词 why指原因 原因状语Is he the boy who/that survived in the earthquake?他就是那个在地震中幸存的男孩吗？He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea.他住在一座窗户朝向大海的大房子里。I often thought of my childhood when I lived on a farm.我经常回想起我的童年，那时我住在一个农场里。Bamboo grows well in the place where it is warm and wet all the y
6、ear.竹子在一年四季都温暖潮湿的地方生长得好。There are several reasons why we cant do that.我们有好几个理由不那样做。名师点津 situation, case, point，stage 等表示“情况，方面”的名词后可接where 引导的定语从句。I think youve got to the point where a change is needed, otherwise youll fail.我认为你应该改变了，否则你会失败。2定语从句中关系词的选用方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是
7、不及物动词，则要用关系副词。This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的山村。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年待过的山村。方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词(where 作地点状语，when 作时间状语，wh
8、y 作原因状语)。- 3 -3that 和 which 引导的定语从句的区别that 和 which 都是关系代词，都可在从句中作主语或宾语，但两者存在着不同：先行词是 all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 等不定代词时先行词被 all，few，little，much，every, some, no 等词修饰或被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰时先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时先行词是序数词或其前有序数词对其进行修饰
9、时先行词既指人又指物时用 that 不用which 的情况主句是 who 或 which 等引导的特殊疑问句时在非限制性定语从句中用 which 不用 that用 which 不用 that 的情况介词后用 which 不用 thatWe should do everything that is useful to the people.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。When we talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes into our mind is the West Lake.我们谈论杭州时，首先想到的是西湖。This is the small
10、est computer that can be found in the world now.这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。集中演练 111.用适当的关系词填空This is the hotel where they stayed last month.The factory that/which well visit next week is not far from here.He is the ma
11、n that/who lives next door.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.I dont want to listen to any reason why you were absent.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?Music is the only thing that interests me.12.单句改错We will be shown around some places where visitors seldom go to.wh
12、erethat- 4 -We talked about the persons and things which we can remember.whichthatI will never forget those years that I lived in the countryside with the 10 farmers.thatwhenThere comes a time which children need to learn more about first aid.whichwhen语法点二 “介词关系代词”的用法1 “介词关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。(1)根据从句中的谓语
13、动词或主要的形容词确定介词。The witness to whom the policemen referred was killed last night.警察所提到的那个目击证人昨晚被杀了。(2)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。I dont know the reason for which he was late for school.我不知道他为何上学迟到。(3)根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。2 “介词关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用 which 或 whom，不用
14、that。Ill never forget the day on which I joined the army.我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.这是我画画用的那支铅笔。3关系副词 where, when, why 可替换成“介词which” ，介词取决于先行词及介词which 在从句中的作用。why 只可替换 for which。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two yea
15、rs ago.这就是两年前我居住的那所房子。4 “不定代词或数词介词which/whom”引导的定语从句说明整体中的部分。Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of whom wanted to buy it.上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。5 “the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词”可替换“whose名词” ，引导定语从句。- 5 -The house the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows were
16、damaged has now been repaired.窗子遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。集中演练 221.用适当的介词填空We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.I forgot the exact place in which I had hidde
17、n the box.I still remember the days on which I helped my father on the farm.Robert spent four years in college, during which time he learned law and medicine.22.用适当的关系词合并句子 Im very grateful to Mr. Zhang. I couldnt have been admitted to a key university without his encouragement.Im very grateful to M
18、r. Zhang, without_whose_encouragement I couldnt have been admitted to a key university. I made friends with Susan and Alice in that school. Susan and Alice were interested in astronomy.I made friends with Susan and Alice in that school, both_of_whom were interested in astronomy. Have the police foun
19、d Mrs. White? The gold ring belongs to Mrs. White.Have the police found Mrs. White to_whom the gold ring belongs?Anne paid a visit to Mr. Yang. She came across one of her university classmates in Mr. Yangs office.Anne paid a visit to Mr. Yang, in_whose_office she came across one of her university cl
20、assmates. 语法点三 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切(删除后影响整个句子意义的表达)和先行词关系不密切(起补充说明的作用，删掉后不影响整个句子意思的表达) - 6 -不用逗号隔开 一般用逗号隔开关系代词指物时可用 that、which 引导 不可以用 that 引导，只能用 which只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 The Great Wall is one of the buildings that Chinese people a
21、re proud of.长城是中国人为之骄傲的建筑之一。(限制性定语从句)Yesterday I met Mary, who looked very tired.昨天我遇到了玛丽，她看上去很累。(非限制性定语从句)2as/which 引导的非限制性定语从句as引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事位置较灵活，可置于所修饰的句子前面、插在句子中或放在句子后一般译为“正如，就像” which 修饰主句或主句的一部分定语从句只置于所修饰的句子后一般译为“结果” As we all know, smoking is harmful to health.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。He finishe
22、d the task ahead of time, which is very important to us.他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。集中演练 331.用适当的关系词填空 The 12yearold boy won the gold medal, which came as a surprise to many people. Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, where eating doesnt take much time.Dorothy was always speaking highly of
23、her role in the play, which,_of course, made others annoyed.Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.The man, whose work will be finished soon, feels relieved now.As is known to all of us, Professor Li is extremely popular among students.32.用 as/which 引导的定语从句完成句子As_we_all_know/As_is_known
24、_to_all,_the moon travels round the earth once every month.众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。- 7 -We have found such materials as_are_used_in_their_factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。He pretended not to know me, which_I_didnt_understand.他假装不认识我，这是我搞不明白的。I will go on a trip to Sichuan, where_there_are_a_number_of_places_of_i
25、nterest.我要去四川旅行，那里有很多名胜古迹。链接高考单句语法填空1(2017全国卷语法填空)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, which is not good for the health.解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空格处指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词 which。2(2017全国卷语法填空) But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has
26、brains as well as beauty.解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 Sarah，从句中缺少主语且指人，故填关系代词 who。3(2017北京高考)The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.解析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。_ we meet in our daily lives 为定语从句，修饰先行词 problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故填关系代词 that/which
27、。4(2017天津高考) My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 My eldest son，空格处指代前面的先行词且在从句中作定语，故填 whose。5(2017浙江高考语法填空)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over t
28、he garden, where it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the garden，空格处引- 8 -导定语从句且在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。6(2016全国卷语法填空)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV rep
29、orter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the mid1980s，空格处引导定语从句且在从句中作时间状语，故填 when。7(2016江苏高考)Many young people, most of whom were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.解析：考查分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，
30、先行词为 young people，指人，介词后的关系词应为 whom。8(2015江苏高考)The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.解析：句意：正如报道的，烟民的数量仅仅在一年内就下降了 17%。as 作为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，位置非常灵活，可位于主句前、主句后，也可位于主句中间。针对演练.单句语法填空1A football fan is a person who/that has a strong interest in football.2Can you
31、lend me the novel which/that you read the other day?3I have bought the same dress as she is wearing.4As is known to all, the compass was first made in China.5She is one of the few girls whose grade is above average.6This is the best film that I have seen.7I know the student from whom I borrowed the
32、book.8She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.9Do you still remember the day when we first met?10This is the reason why he didnt attend the lecture.完成句子1I still remember the day when_I_first_came_to_Beijing.我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。2My daughter, whose_job_requires_her_to_do_a_lot_of
33、_travelling,_is always away from home.我的女儿经常不在家，她的工作需要出差。- 9 -3This is the only thing (that)_we_can_do_now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。4The old man has two sons, one_of_whom_is_a_doctor.那个老人有两个儿子，其中一个是医生。5The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean, as_we_all_know.我们都知道太平洋是最大的洋。.短文改错The Big Bang Theory, one of the mos
34、t popular comedy in America and even around the world these days, tell stories about four male scientists and a beautiful waitress. These scientists are smart in their fields, especial Sheldon. He has a really high IQ in physics and he is very bad at getting along with others. Fortunately, his roomm
35、ate Leonard was very tolerant and always forgives him at every time Sheldon makes a mistake. The waitress, naming Penny, is a very easygoing and nice girl whom has a dream of becoming an actress.The comedy has gained popularity among people aged from 18 to 49. Its special and funny stories make people falling in love with it in short time.答案：第一句：comedycomedies; telltells第二句：especialespecially第三句：andbut第四句：wasis; 去掉 at第五句：namingnamed; whomwho/that第七句：fallingfall; short 前加 a- 10 -
