1、- 1 -Section Grammar虚拟语气（）语法初识原句感知 自主探究If you were head of the government, would you allow cloning?If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made such a mistake.If it were to rain/should rain/rained, the crops would be saved.Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.Were I strong enough now,
2、 I would carry the box upstairs without effort.Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.If they had started early yesterday morning, they would be here now.If you had taken the medicine on time, you would be healthy enough to go to school now.But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded.
3、We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.1.句为 if 引导的非真实条件句的三种基本形式。2句为省略 if 的虚拟条件句。3句中，主句与从句动作发生的时间不一致，称之为错综时间条件句。4 句中，假设的条件不用 if 条件从句表示，而是通过副词 otherwise或介词短语 but_for 等表达出来，这类句子叫“含蓄条件句” 。语法剖析语法点一 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用1虚拟条件句中主从句的谓语形式虚拟语气 从句谓语 主句谓语与现在事实相反 did (be 用 were) wou
4、ld/should/could/mightdo与将来事实相反did (be 用 were)were todoshoulddowould/should/could/mightdo与过去事实相反 haddonewould/should/could/mighthave doneIf he were here now, I could ask him the question.- 2 -如果他现在在这儿，我就能问他这个问题。If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed the exam.如果你接受了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。If it r
5、ained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, I would not go to Beijing.如果明天下雨，我不会去北京。2错综时间条件句虚拟语气中，条件从句中谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致，这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。If he had told me about it yesterday, I should know what to do now.如果他昨天告诉我这件事，我现在就知道做什么了。If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night.
6、如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。If he were to leave, you would have heard about it.如果他要走，你早就听到这个消息了。3虚拟条件句的省略和倒装虚拟条件句中若含有 were, had 或 should，可以把 if 省略，把 were, had 或 should 提到句首，构成部分倒装。Were my mother here, she would give me some advice.如果我母亲在这儿，她会给我一些建议。Had he told me he would go to the hospital, I would have
7、gone with him.要是他告诉我他要去医院的话，我就会同他一起去了。Should he refuse me tomorrow, I would be very sad.如果他明天拒绝我，我会非常伤心。集中演练 111.单句语法填空If she hadnt_read (not read) the books about the Second World War, she couldnt have answered the question.It would be perfect if they were (be) here tomorrow.If I lived (live) near
8、my workplace, I would walk to work every day.If he were to find a job at once, he could_support (support) himself.If you had_listened (listen) to the doctor, you would be fine now.Had you worked hard, you would_have_passed (pass) the final test.If we hadnt got everything ready, we would_be (be) havi
9、ng a terrible time tomorrow.- 3 -12.句型转换If I should go abroad, I would go to America.ShouldIgoabroad,_I would go to America.If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.HadIknown about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would
10、 have been saved.If I were you, I would apologise to him.WereIyou,_I would apologise to him. 语法点二 含蓄条件句有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文或 with, without, or (else), otherwise, but for 等引出的短语中。My parents lent me money. Otherwise, I could not have afforded the trip.我的父母借钱给我了。否则的话我可能付不起这次的旅费。I didnt know that
11、 he was a cheat, or (else) I wouldnt have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。Without air, there would be no living things on the earth.没有空气，地球上将没有生物。But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.要不是英语老师的帮助，我就不会在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。集中演练 221.单
12、句语法填空Without exams, we would_be (be) much happier.35 passengers died in the train accident. But for the heroic (英勇的) train driver, many more people would_have_died (die)We were delayed at the airport; otherwise we would_have_arrived (arrive) home by lunchtime.22.完成句子再给些时间，我们会做得更好。Given more time, we
13、_would_do it better.要不是你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。- 4 -But for your help, we couldnt_have_finished the work ahead of time.那天我病了，要不然的话，我会参加运动会的。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would_have_taken_part_in the sports meet.链接高考单句语法填空1(2017北京高考)If the new safety system had_been_put (put) to use, the accident would
14、 never have happened. 解析：句意：如果新的安全系统已经投入使用，那起事故就不会发生了。本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。2(2017江苏高考)Were (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.解析：句意：要不是老师的帮助，这个学生就克服不了她的困难。根据语境可知，此处使用了虚拟语气，且句子省略了 if 并将 were 提到句首，使用了倒装结构。were it not for .“要不是” ，相当于 but
15、 for 或 without。3(2016北京高考)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you had_told (tell) me, I could have helped.解析：句意：你上周为什么不把你的困难告诉我呢？如果你告诉了我，我就可能帮你了。根据题干中的 Why didnt you tell me 和 could have helped 可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以 if 条件句的谓语动词用过去完成时。4(2015安徽高考)It is lucky we booked a room, or we
16、 would_have (have) nowhere to stay now.解析：句意：真幸运，我们订了一个房间，要不然，我们现在就会无处可住了。根据句中连接词 or“要不然，否则” ，和时间副词 now，可知后半句是对现在事情的一种假设，应使用虚拟语气。5(2015北京高考)If I hadnt_seen (not see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.解析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我是不会相信的。根据主句的时态 wouldnt have believed 可以判断，事情发生在过去，所以条件状语从句应该使用过去完成时。6
17、(2015重庆高考)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldnt_have_written_ (not write) his famous novel AFarewelltoArms.解析：句意：如果海明威没有战争经历的话，他就不会写出著名的小说永别了，武器- 5 -。此处表示对过去发生的事情的虚拟，介词短语 without .相当于 if he hadnt had his wartime experiences，故主句谓语要用 wouldnt have done。针对演练.单句语法填空1If I were (be) you, I wou
18、ld attend the meeting.2If I were to go to the moon one day, I would_take (take) my pet dog with me.3If you missed (miss) the concert to be given by Jay Chou, you would greatly regret it.4Thank you for all your help. I dont think we_could_have_completed (complete) it without you.5If he should not com
19、e tomorrow, we would_put (put) off the meeting till next Monday.6If she had_taken (take) medicine earlier, she wouldnt be ill now.7If I had had enough money, I would_have_bought (buy) a car when the price was not so high.8Maybe if I had_studied (study) science, and not literature then, I would be ab
20、le to give you more help.9If you made a plan, a lot more money would_be_saved (save)10Were (be) it necessary, I might resign.完成句子1当初你要是学习再努力些，现在你就是一名重点大学的学生了。If you had_studied harder, you would be a key university student now.2要不是天气不好，我们昨天就去野营了。But for the bad weather, we would_have_gone_camping ye
21、sterday.3如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去购物了。If it should rain tomorrow, we would_not_go shopping.4我不知道你要来，否则我就在机场接你了。I didnt know you would come; otherwise I would_have_met you at the airport.5这么说你得离开了，要是你能多待会儿那该多好啊！So you have to leave. How nice it would_be if you could_stay a bit longer.6如果他明天离开，周五就会到那里了。Were he_t
22、o_leave tomorrow, he would get there by Friday.短文改错- 6 -As we all know, most of us had our own dreams. Dreams are beneficial for us to work hard and make great achievement.But how can we achieve our dreams and what qualities should we have？As far as Im concerned, confident is very important, because
23、 of it can push us forward. Act immediately also plays an important role. You will sure fail if you dont act for your dreams.However, the key factor what determines whether we can realize our dreams is persistence. Whenever we meet with difficulty, we should stick our dreams and keep telling yourselves that we can overcome it. Only in this way would we make our dreams come true step by step.答案：第一句：hadhave第二句：achievementachievements第四句：confidentconfidence; 去掉 of第五句：ActActing第六句：suresurely第七句：whatthat/which第八句：stick 后加 to; yourselvesourselves第九句：wouldwill- 7 -
