1、1Section Grammar-复习定语和定语从句语法初识原句感知 自主探究I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served.Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks down, continuing to chat.I still remember what I ate: a tuna fish and cheese sandwich.Do you know the girl si
2、nging over there?He is always the first person to leave the office.One evening he was entertaining the ruler of a small island in the Pacific.However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me to accept.But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat, ev
3、en if it is just a potato.As we all know, Putin was elected President of Russia a third time.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.(1)句中黑体部分在句中均作定语。句中黑体部分在句中均作前置定语。句、中黑体部分在句中均作后置定语。(2)句中，黑体部分均为定语从句；其中句的黑体部分为非限制性定语从句。语法剖析1.定义定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词。可用作定语的词有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、从句以及非谓语动词等。(1)名词作
4、定语修饰另一名词时，一般用单数形式；man 和 woman 作定语时，可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰的名词的数而定。He broke a coffee cup. 他打碎了一个咖啡杯。He said that two women teachers would come to our village next week.他说两个女老师下周要来我们村。(2)用作定语的代词为形容词性物主代词、of 所有格和不定代词所有格。Her proposal is worth considering.她的建议值得考虑。My business is none of your business.我的事与你无
5、关。(3)基数词和序数词都可用作定语。We belong to the Third World.我们属于第三世界。2位置定语的位置有两种：前置定语和后置定语。(1)形容词作定语时要置于其修饰的名词前，但表语形容词作后置定语；形容词修饰不定代词时也要后置。2All the people present were for the plan.在场的所有人都同意这项计划。There is something wrong with my watch.我的手表出毛病了。(2)有些时间和地点副词(如：above, here, there 等)作后置定语。Put the book on the shelf a
6、bove.把这本书放在上面的架子上。(3)介词短语、非谓语动词和从句通常作后置定语。That is the teaching plan for you to discuss.那就是供你们讨论的那份教学计划。There is nothing that worries him.没有什么事使他烦恼。3多个作定语的形容词的顺序当多个形容词作定语时，其大概位置关系如下：大小(形状、年龄)颜色来源材料用途被修饰的词a pair of black Spanish leather boots一双黑色的西班牙皮靴some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花the first
7、 beautiful little white Chinese wooden bridge第一座美丽的中国小白木桥集中演练 1画出下列句子中的定语Youre a real fool if you believe it.答案：Youre a real fool if you believe it.They played an important football match against Liverpool last Sunday.答案：They played an_important_football match against Liverpool last Sunday.My hair n
8、eeds cutting.答案：My hair needs cutting.Theres only one way to solve it.答案：Theres only one way to_solve_it.The two rooms upstairs are my sisters bedrooms.答案：The_two rooms upstairs are my_sisters bedrooms.He was walking in the park with a walking stick in his hand.答案：He was walking in the park with a w
9、alking stick in his hand.Look at the broken glasses.答案：Look at the broken glasses.The man who caused the accident escaped.答案：The man _who_caused_the_accident escaped.定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。1定语从句中关系词的用法3He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天看见的那个人。Please pass me the book whose cover is gre
10、en.请递给我那本绿皮的书。The package which/that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包裹快散了。Can you still remember that evening when we met for the first time?你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？Can you show me the house where Shakespeare lived?你能带我看看莎士比亚曾住过的那座房子吗？I dont know the reason why he didnt tell it to his fath
11、er.我不明白为什么他没有把这件事告诉他父亲。名师点津 (1)表示“方式”的名词 way 后的定语从句中如果关系词在从句中作方式状语，关系词用 that 或 in which，也可省略关系词。I dont like the way (that/in which) he talks to me.我不喜欢他和我说话的方式。(2)as 引导限制性定语从句，指代人或物，在从句中作宾语或主语，通常用于下列结构：the same . as 意为“ 同一样的” ，such . as 意为“像这/那样的” ；引导非限制性定语从句，指代整句话，常译为“正如” ；从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。We do
12、 the same work as they (do)我们和他们干同样的活。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。2 “介词关系词”引导的定语从句(1)关系代词作介词的宾语，当介词置于定语从句句首时，关系代词只能用 which(指物)或 whom(指人)。The pencil with which he was writing suddenly broke.他正在用来写字的铅笔突然断了。Look at the photo. This is Mr Green, in front
13、of whom sit three students.看这张照片。这是格林先生，在他的前面坐着三个学生。Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？(2)“不定代词或数词ofwhich/whom”引导的定语从句可转化为“ofwhich/whom不定代词或数词”引导的定语从句。其中不定代词为：some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, most, part 等。There
14、are 40 students in our class, most of whom(of whom most) like English.我们班有 40 名学生，他们中的大多数喜欢英语。(3)“whose名词”引导定语从句时，可转化为“the名词ofwhich/whom”或“ofwhich/whomthe名词” 。介词 of 表示所有关系。I live in a room whose windows are all broken. I live in a room the windows of which ( of which the windows) are all broken.我住在一
15、个窗户都坏了的房间里。(4)“某些介词关系副词”也可引导定语从句。He graduated from Beijing University in 1988, since when he has improved himself in all aspects.他 1988 年毕业于北京大学。从那时起他在各方面都提高了。4集中演练 2(1)单句语法填空Do you still remember the farm which/that we visited three months ago?Is that the small town you often refer to?Yes, just the
16、 one where I used to work for twenty years.Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.Is this the reason_that_he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?The organization was founded by the two boys, whose_parents are both investors.Mr Brown is a man whom/w
17、ho/that you can turn to for help when you are in trouble.The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.There are two things to which you should pay attention while learning English.The house, of which the roof was blown off by the wind, is the oldest one in this v
18、illage.Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?He explained the reason for which he had done the thing for the old.I dont like the way in which he treats his parents.(2)单句改错Reading has a lot of advantages, one of them is that it helps you develop reading skills.themwhichF
19、irst, the place where weve decided to visit the Forest Park is not far away from the city.wherewhich/that 或去掉 whereFrom this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge helps us to seek the truth.bridge 后加 that/whichMy house is about three kilometers far away from Xian Muslim Str
20、eet where is full of local foods.wherewhich/thatAt the same time, another student, that saw everything, went up to help.thatwhoMy father was easily cheated, what surprised me.whatwhich链接高考单句语法填空1(2017全国卷语法填空)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _ is not good for the health.解析：whic
21、h 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为前面的整个句子，故填关系代词 which。2(2017全国卷语法填空)But Sarah, _ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：who 考查定语从句的关系词。此句中 Sarah 是主语，wants 是主句谓语，因此可以判断此处空格所在句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 Sarah，从句中缺主语且指人，故填 who。3(2017北
22、京高考单选改编)The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.5解析：that/which 考查定语从句的关系词。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空格所在句子为定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是 problems，故填 that/which。4(2017天津高考单选改编)My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the mo
23、ment.解析：whose 考查定语从句的关系词。句意：我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。从句意和结构来看，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语，故填 whose。5(2017天津高考单选改编)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _ (catch)解析：to catch 考查非谓语动词。句意：在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。空格所在部分用了 have sth. to do 表示“有某事要做” ，其中不定式作定语，故填 to catch。6(2016全国卷语法
24、填空)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother. 解析：its 考查代词作定语。分析句子结构可知，mother 是名词，所填词应作定语修饰 mother，故填 its。7(2016全国卷语法填空)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, _ I was the first Western TV reporter _ (permit
25、) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 解析：when; permitted 考查定语从句的关系词和非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，第一个空格处所在的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的“the mid1980s” ，且从句缺少时间状语，故填 when；第二个空格所填词与 reporter 之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填 permitted。针对演练.单句语法填空1They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which made us qu
26、ite angry.2All the books that were collected from the students will be sent to those schools in the countryside.3We went to Guilin, where we enjoyed ourselves.4The subway to_be_completed (complete) next year will ease the traffic jam in this city.5The concert_given_(give) by the students yesterday w
27、as a great success.6I got a text message just now saying (say) that there was something wrong with my credit card.7He has a lot of work_to_do (do) this weekend, so he cant go to Dalian with us.8As was expected, he performed the task with success.9She had eight children, three of whom grew up.10The b
28、uses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by angry crowd.完成句子1一个五岁的孩子正在叠纸飞机。A fiveyearold_boy is folding a paper_plane.2那个男孩在房间里发现了某件奇怪的东西。The boy found something_strange in the room.3这条被污染的河散发出难闻的气味。The_polluted_river gives off a terrible smell.4众所周知，由于全球气候变化，地球正变得越来越暖和。6As_we_all_know
29、,_the earth is becoming warmer and warmer due to the global climate change.5没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。A sailor who_has_experienced_no_storm will never become an excellent sailor.6我特别的爱好是读书看报，这已经成为我日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。My favorite hobby is reading books and newspapers, which_has_become_a_necessary_part_of_my_
30、daily_life.7在假期，我会住在乡下，那里空气新鲜而且人们友好。During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, where_the_air_is_fresh_and_people_are_friendly.8他昨天是在一家新的红砖砌的大餐厅吃的饭。He had his dinner in an new_large_brick dining hall yesterday.9明天举行的会议非常重要。The meeting to_be_held tomorrow is very important.10坐在桌边的那个男人站起来向
31、我道别。The man sitting_at_the_table stood up and said “Bye” to me.短文改错Dear Jack，Thanks for your letter.Im glad youve been offered two summer jobs at same time working in a restaurant and working in a museum.If I were him, I would take the one in the museum.First, you can gain more knowledge about histo
32、ry, that will enrich your life great.Second，you can make more friend from different parts of the country by serve them when working there.Finally, compared to the job in the restaurant, working in the museum can be most challenging.If you find a position there, Im sure youll see a rapid improve in both your character or abilities.You will also have great time.Good luck!Yours，Li Hua答案：第二句：at 后加 the 第三句：himyou第四句：thatwhich; greatgreatly第五句：friendfriends; serveserving 第六句：mostmore第七句：improveimprovement; orand第八句：have 后加 a7
