1、- 1 -Section Grammar-复习动词形式语法初识原句感知 自主探究1. . but when I suggested that we might find something useful on the boat, he agreed to go.2When he heard that, the frightened man on the floor started crying.3We climbed quietly in and as we paddled away we heard the two men shouting.4But I persuaded him to h
2、elp me, we found the mens boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.5There were two men standing over him.6But although I was frightened, I also felt very curious, so I put my head round the door.1.句 1 和句 2 分别用了动词不定式和动词ing 形式作宾语。2句 3 和句 4 分别用了动词ing 形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语。3句 5 中动词ing 形式作定语；句 6 中过去分词作表语。4句
3、 6 中的黑体词 felt 为连系动词。语法剖析语法点一 非谓语动词非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、动名词和分词三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词能作除谓语之外的其他句子成分。1动词不定式和动词ing 形式作宾语(1)动词不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词的后面。常见的此类动词有：afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, manage, pretend, plan, refuse, hope, want, wish 等。How I wish to see my old friends again!- 2 -我是
4、多么想再见到我的老朋友啊！巧学助记 决心学会想希望， 拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意要求帮一帮。(2)跟动词ing 形式作宾语的动词(短语)有：enjoy, admit, avoid, escape, consider (考虑 ), delay, put off, give up, advise, suggest, dislike, mind, miss, practise, risk, appreciate, be used to (习惯于), feel like, look forward to, get down to, cant help (情不自禁)等。I appreciate
5、 having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。巧学助记 坚持练习不逃避，建议完成少延期。享受忍受不介意，避免否定与妒忌。思考冒险想象力，承认过错原谅你。(3)动词不定式或动词ing 形式作宾语时，如果其后跟宾语补足语，这时常用 it 作形式宾语，把不定式或动词ing 形式后置。We think it quite important to learn a foreign language well.我们认为学好一门外语很重要。We consider it no use argui
6、ng with her.我们认为和她争论是没用的。(4)既接动词不定式也接动词ing 形式的动词有些动词接不定式和动词ing 形式时没有很大区别，如 continue, begin, start, prefer, like, love, hate 等。有些动词或动词短语后面接不定式和动词ing 形式作宾语，意思却完全不同。Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!I really regret missing/having missed his lecture.我很后悔错过了他的讲座。I regret to tell you that yo
7、u have been dismissed.- 3 -我很遗憾地告诉你你被开除了。2动词不定式和动词ing 形式作宾语补足语(1)跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： advise, allow, beg, tell, ask, order, persuade, cause, force, forbid, invite, request, want, warn 等。Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。(2)有些动词，如 make, let, have, see, watch, hear, notice 等用不带 to
8、的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加 to。I saw him go into the classroom.我看见他走进了教室。(3)动词ing 作宾语补足语时，宾语和宾语补足语之间是主动关系，且强调动作正在进行或延续。I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。Dont have the lights burning all the night. 不要让灯整夜都亮着。名师点津 感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时，表示动作已经发生；跟动词in
9、g 形式作宾语补足语时，表示动作正在进行。3动词ing 形式和动词ed 形式作定语(1)动词ing 形式作定语与被修饰词之间是主动或进行关系；动词ed 形式作定语与被修饰词之间是被动或完成关系。The sleeping boy is my son. 那个正睡觉的男孩是我儿子。Have you read any short stories translated by Lu Xun?你读过鲁迅先生翻译的短篇小说吗？(2)某些具有使动意义的动词ed 形式表示心理感受或心理状态，常被译作“感到的” ，而其ing 形式常表示事物的性质特征，常译作“令人感到的，令人的” 。a frightened loo
10、k 一个害怕的表情a frightening look 一个令人害怕的表情4动词ing 形式和动词ed 形式作表语动词ing 作表语表示主语的性质；动词ed 作表语表示主语所处的状态或主语的感受。The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened.那声大喊令人害怕，那帮男孩害怕了。- 4 -集中演练 111.单句语法填空So, what kinds of food do you avoid eating (eat)?I dont allow smoking in my drawing room and I dont allow my f
11、amily to_smoke at all.(smoke) As I will be away for at least a year, Id appreciate hearing (hear) from you now and then telling (tell) me how everything is going.And we also gave him the boiled (boil) rice and water.Its time I got down to thinking (think) about that essay.I think it essential to_res
12、erve (reserve) air tickets.The result of the talk was satisfying (satisfy), so we had a big dinner together last night.The frightened (frighten) boy started crying and looked for his mother everywhere.I finally persuaded my mother to_give (give) me more freedom on weekends.Harry got excited (excite)
13、 when he heard the news that he had been chosen to be an exchange student.12.单句改错The policeman was astonishing to find the driver was a nineyearold boy.astonishingastonishedAnd I often hear birds sung.sungsingingThere are ancient descriptions of crossbows hiding at the tombs entrance.hidinghidden“Il
14、l treat you to a big dinner if I win.” he said in an exciting voice. excitingexcitedWe should think of a way to make him become interesting in our plan.interestinginterestedDont worry, Susan. Ill have Peter to help you at once.去掉 toAs she is looking forward to hear from me, please remember to post t
15、his letter on your way to school.hearhearingMr. Green warned his son not to driving after drinking.drivingdrive- 5 -Now let me to tell you what I am interested in.去掉 toEvery high school student wants to get into famous universities and they spend most of their time review lessons.reviewreviewing语法点二
16、 连系动词1连系动词本身有一定意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成复合谓语。常见的连系动词有：(1)状态系动词：be, remain, keep, stay；(2)表示“看起来”的系动词：seem, appear, look；(3)表示“起来”的感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste, look；(4)变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come 等。When she saw this, she turned red.她看到这，脸红了。You look young for your age.就年龄而言，你看上去很年轻。
17、All our dream will come true one day.我们所有的梦想总有一天会成真的。2连系动词后面除可跟形容词外，也可接 like, as if/as though 等短语或句型。He sounds as if he were crying while she appears like a happy girl.他听起来好像在哭，而她看起来像一个快乐的女孩。集中演练 221.完成句子At the news, she became_very_angry.听到这个消息，她变得很生气。These flowers smell_very_sweet.这些花闻起来很香。She tur
18、ned_nurse as she had expected.她如愿成为一名护士。It looks_like_a_horse at first.一开始它看起来像一匹马。22.翻译句子她病了一星期了。(fall)Its_a_week_since_she_fell_ill.- 6 -天看起来好像要下雨。(look)It_looks_as_if_it_is_going_to_rain.那些橘子很好吃。(taste)Those_oranges_taste_good.天气变得越来越暖和了。(get)The_weather_is_getting_warmer_and_warmer.链接高考单句语法填空1(2
19、017全国卷语法填空)They are required to_process(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 解析：考查非谓语动词。require sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事” ，其中不定式作宾补，变成被动语态为 be required to do sth.，故填 to process。2(2017全国卷语法填空) This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the
20、 track and then building a strong roof over the top. 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格内的词与 digging，building 为并列关系，一起作 include 的宾语，故填 laying。3(2017全国卷语法填空)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to_prove(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”
21、 ，其中不定式作宾语，故填 to prove。4(2017北京高考)Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time spent (spend) with his students.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有谓语了，逻辑主语 time 和 spend 之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。5(2016江苏高考)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden (hide)
22、within the work.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：进行艺术评论时，你得假设艺术家在作品中藏了一个隐秘信息。hide 与 message 之间是被动关系，故填 hidden 作后置定语。6(2015全国卷语法填空)Yangshuo is (be)really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top - 7 -10 destinations in the world.解析：阳朔真的很漂亮。此处是客观陈述，故应该使用一般现在时。由下句中的谓语动词 name 使用一般现在时也可知道答案。7(2015全国卷语法填空)Abercrombie payspaid第四句：whathow第六句：daydays第七句：InOn; 去掉 had第八句：chatchatting 或 chat 前加 to第九句：theirour第十句：silentlysilent第十一句：while 前加 a- 9 -
