1、- 1 -Section Grammar-复习状语从句语法初识原句感知 自主探究1.When he retired at the age of 26, he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world.2As the leader comes into the stadium to run the last few metres of the 42kilometre race, the crowd rises to its feet to shout and cheer.3If you go into a sch
2、ool or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.4But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.5Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the
3、 2008 Olympics, they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits.6While I dont like his design at all, I attended the meeting.1.句 1 和句 2 用了时间状语从句；句 3 用了条件状语从句；句 4、句 5 和句6 用了让步状语从句。2whenever 引导让步状语从句时可以用no_matter_when 来替代。语法剖析语法点一 时间状语从句常用来引导时间状语从句的引导词有：when, as, while, till, until, before, after, since, the
4、moment, as soon as 等。1when, while 和 as 引导的时间状语从句(1)when 可表示瞬间时间；与主句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，也可有先后。(2)while 引导的句子中动词常为延续性动词。(3)as 指动作或事件同时发生；还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。It was snowing when we got to the airport.我们到达机场时，天正下着雪。- 2 -Please write while I read.我念的时候，请写下来。As I get older, I get more optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更乐观了。2ti
5、ll/until 引导的时间状语从句主句的谓语动词如果是延续性的应用肯定式，意为“一直到” ，如果是非延续性的要用否定式，意为“直到才” 。I waited till/until 9：00.我一直等到 9 点钟。(wait 为延续性动作)I didnt go to bed until my father came back.直到父亲回来我才上床睡觉。(go to bed 为非延续性动作)名师点津 在 not .until .结构中 not until 位于句首时主句部分倒装。在强调句中，强调 until 引导时间状语时，常把 not 提前，构成 It isnt/wasnt until .tha
6、t .。It wasnt until 11：00 pm that he returned home.直到晚上 11 点他才回家。3before 和 since 引导的时间状语从句(1)若表达“还未就，不到就，才，趁还没来得及”时，需用连词 before。He had put the broken vase away before his mother came back.他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。(2)It will be时间段before sb. do (does)“多久之后才” 。It will be 3 days before our manager signs the a
7、greement.要 3 天后经理才签那份协议。(3)since 从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复发生的动作。since 从句的时态通常是一般过去时，主句中的时态则通常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。He has written to me frequently since I got sick.自从我病了以后，他经常给我写信。(4)在“It is时间段since 从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从 since 从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。It is half a year since she left our class.她离开我们班有半年了。(5)si
8、nce 从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，说明这一动作或状语的终止，译为“自从- 3 -该动作结束以来有时间了。 ”It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟有三年了。4引导时间状语从句的名词词组一些表示时间的名词词组，如 the moment, each time, every time, the first time, the last time, the next time, the minute, the instant 等也可以用来引导时间状语从句，起连词的作用。Every time he came, he would bring me good news
9、.他每一次来，都会给我带来好消息。The first time I went to Mount Tai, I was very happy.第一次去泰山时，我非常高兴。5表示“一就”的引导词as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly/scarcely . when ., no sooner . than .等连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就” 。Immediately the bell rang, the boys rushed out.铃一响，男孩子们就冲出去了。名师点津 若把表示否定含义的
10、副词 hardly/no sooner 等放在句首，则它们所在的主句要部分倒装，且主句要用过去完成时态。Hardly had he arrived when it began to rain.他刚到就开始下雨了。集中演练 111.选词填空when， while， as， since， until， before， as soon as， the first timeHe was working at the table when I went in.It is/has been six years since she graduated from university.He had worke
11、d in the factory for ten years before he retired.He didnt go to bed until_he finished his homework.Father was cleaning the car while I was playing football.Ill tell him about it as_soon_as_he comes back.Helen sang a song as she washed.I thought her kind and honest the_first_time I met her.12.句型转换I h
12、avent seen him for almost 10 years.- 4 -It is almost 10 years since I saw him.As soon as she was out of sight she broke into a run.The moment she was out of sight she broke into a run.We had no sooner started than it began to rain.Hardly had we started when it began to rain.The process will be compl
13、ete in two years.Itll be two years before the process is completed.I didnt recognize her before she took off her cap.I recognized her after she took off her cap.语法点二 条件状语从句条件状语从句常由 if, once, as long as, unless, on condition that, in case 等引导。1if 和 unless 是最常用的条件从句连接词，unless 在意义上等于 if . not .，并且语气较强。
14、if 可用于虚拟条件句。You will improve your oral English if you keep on practising.如果你坚持练习的话，你将会提高你的英语口语。If I were you, I would give up smoking at once.(虚拟条件句)如果我是你，我会立即戒烟。Youll fail in French unless you work harder.你要是不再加把劲，法语就考不及格了。2其他常见的条件状语从句的连接词还有 as/so long as (只要), provided/providing (that)(如果), suppos
15、e/supposing (假设), on condition (that) (如果), in case (以防)等。 As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。Providing/Provided (that)he doesnt agree to help us, who should we turn to for help?如果他不同意帮助我们，我们该向谁求助？Supposing/Suppose you promise not to tell anyone else, Ill explain the secre
16、t.如果你保证不告诉任何人，我就把这个秘密解释给你听。名师点津 (1)在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。(2)当条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中有 be 动词，则可省略从句的主语和 be 动词。- 5 -集中演练 221.单句改错Unless you change your attitude, I will tell you the way to solve the problem.UnlessIf_So long as I shall know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.去掉第一个 shallPlease ta
17、ke your raincoat along with you provided that it rains.provided_thatin_caseSupposed you fail a second time, dont get disappointed, but try again.SupposedSuppose/Supposing22.完成句子You may use the book_as_long_as_you_will_return_it_on_time (只要你准时还它)If_you_ask_him (如果你请求他), he will help you.You can go sw
18、imming on_condition_that (条件是) you dont go too far from the river bank.Youll be late unless_you_get_up_earlier (除非你早点起床)语法点三 让步状语从句让步状语从句由 although (though), as, even if, however, whatever, no matter who 等词引导。1whatever, however 和 no matter what/how 这两种形式都可引导让步状语从句，意义无差别。Whatever (No matter what) hap
19、pens, we will not change our minds.无论发生什么事，我们都不会改变想法。However (No matter how) difficult the work is, we will try our best to finish it in time.无论工作多么困难，我们都要尽力及时完成。名师点津 “疑问词ever” 除引导让步状语从句外，还可引导主语从句和宾语从句。He can tell you whatever you want to know.你想要知道什么他都可以告诉你。2 “形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词as/though”可引导让步状语从句，表示强
20、调。Young as/though he is, he knows a lot about life.- 6 -尽管他很小，但他对生活懂得挺多。Fail as he did, he would never give up.尽管失败了，他也决不会放弃。Intelligent student as he is, he doesnt study hard.尽管他是个聪明的学生，但他不努力学习。名师点津 (1)as 引导让步状语从句时，动词或现在分词放在句首，谓语要加助动词do, does, did 或 will 等；作表语的单数可数名词置于句首时，前不加冠词。(2)although 和 though
21、 不能和 but 连用，但可以和 yet 或 still 连用。3whether 引导的让步状语从句Whether you go or not, I will go to visit my teachers.不管你去不去，我都要去看望我的老师。4while 也可引导让步状语从句，突出对比主句和从句所表示的两种情况。一般要位于句首。While he is young, he is experienced.他虽然年轻，却有经验。名师点津 当让步状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中有 be 动词，则可省略从句的主语和 be 动词。集中演练 331.选词填空even though， no matt
22、er how， whatever， although， asAlthough he is rich, he never wastes a coin.Ill wait for you no_matter_how late it is.Whatever happened, he would not mind.Even_though it snows tomorrow, we shall still go on business.Try as he may, he never succeeds.32.句型转换The sun was shining, but it wasnt very warm.Al
23、though/Though the sun was shining,_it wasnt very warm.No matter how old you get, theres always something new to learn about.However old you get,_theres always something new to learn about.Though he is old, he works just as hard as he did in his younger days.Old as/though he is,_he works just as hard
24、 as he did in his younger days.Though it is ten years old, this book is highly recommended.Though ten years old,_this book is highly recommended.- 7 -链接高考连词填空1(2017北京高考单选改编)Although/Though/While birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.解析：句意：尽管鸟类用羽毛飞行，但是它们的一
25、些羽毛也有其他用途。根据句意可知空格处应填状语从句的引导词，表示“尽管，虽然” ，故填 Although/Though/While。2(2016全国卷语法填空)Over time, as/when the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 解析：句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增加/当人口增加时，为了使食物熟得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意可知，空格内填 as 或者 when 引导时间状语从句。3(2016江苏高考单选改编)Although/Th
26、ough/While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.解析：句意：尽管有人被成功的需求所激励，但也有人被失败的恐惧所激发。根据句意可知空格处应填状语从句的引导词，表示“尽管，虽然” ，故填 Although/Though/While。4(2016四川高考语法填空)When/If it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. 解析：句意：当它哭时
27、/如果它哭的话，她就会摇动它并轻轻拍它。根据语境可知，when(当时)和 if(如果)用在此处都合适。5(2015天津高考)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.解析：句意：我们需要找出问题的根源才能解决问题。6(2014湖南高考)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.解析：句意：除非你完全投入到你的工作中，否则你就永远不会取得成功。针对演练.单句语法填空1It is rather difficult
28、to make friends with him, but his friendship, _once gained, is truer than any others.2He tried his best to solve the problem, however difficult it was.- 8 -3Hot_as/though_the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after a long journey.4We will not start our discussion until he comes
29、.5You can write anything relevant as/so_long_as its interesting.6No one can leave the room unless he gets permission from the police.7If_you are concerned about environmental pollution, youd better use the public transport rather than drive a car.8How did you feel when you saw the terrible accident
30、happening in front of you?9It will be at least two months_before we meet again.10I have been looking for a job since I graduated from college.完成句子1He left me a good impression the_first_time_I_met_him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。2Whenever_I_see_someone_in_need,_I will spare no efforts to help him.每当见到有人需要帮助，我
31、就会尽力去帮助他。3We can surely achieve our goal as_long_as_we_are_united_as_one.只要我们团结一致，就一定能实现我们的目标。4Whatever/No_matter_what_you_want_to_do,_please look before you leap. 不管你想做什么事，请三思而后行。5Although/Though they are poor/Poor as/though they are, they still do their best to help those homeless children.尽管他们很穷，
32、但仍然尽力帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。.短文改错Entering the room, I found my grandma busy make papercuts. Attracted by the delicate works, I couldnt wait have a try. With her patient instructions, I learnt the basic steps and skills of making papercuts. It wasnt long since my creations were “born”. Then we put them up. Wit
33、h different design on the windows, our house is filled with a festival atmosphere. To share our happiness with the others, we called on our nextdoor neighbours or gave them some of our papercuts. I felt pride when receiving their appreciation on our gifts. Papercuts made this Spring Festival specially.答案：第一句：makemaking第二句：wait 后加 to- 9 -第四句：sincebefore第六句：designdesigns; iswas第七句：去掉 the; orand第八句：prideproud; onof第九句：speciallyspecial- 10 -
