1、- 1 -课时提能练(三十九).阅读理解(2019武汉调研)Owning a dog is associated with a significantly lower risk of heart disease and death，according to a comprehensive new study published by a team of Swedish researchers on Friday in the journal Scientific Reports.The scientists followed 3.4 million people over the course
2、 of 12 years and found that adults who lived alone and owned dogs were 33 percent less likely to die during the study than adults who lived alone without dogs.In addition，the single adults with dogs were 36 percent less likely to die from heart disease.“Dog ownership was especially prominent as a pr
3、otective factor in people living alone，who are a group reported previously to be at higher risk of heart disease and death than those living in a multiperson household， ” Mwenya Mubanga，a Ph.D.student at Uppsala University in Uppsala，Sweden，and the lead junior author of the study，said in a statement
4、 announcing its findings.The link between dog ownership and lower mortality(死亡率) was less pronounced in adults who lived either with family members or partners，but still present, according to the study.“Perhaps a dog may stand in as an important family member in the single household， ”Mubanga added.
5、“Another interesting finding was that owners of dogs which were intended originally for hunting were most protected.”The study，which is the largest to date on the health relations of owning a dog，suggested that one of the reasons why dog owners may have a lower risk of mortality and heart disease wa
6、s that dog owners walked more.“These kinds of epidemiological(流行病学的)studies look for associations in large populations but do not provide answers to whether and how dogs could protect their owners from heart disease， ”Tove Fall，a senior author of the study and a professor at Uppsala University，said
7、in a statement.“We know that dog owners in general have a higher level of physical activity，which could be one explanation for the observed results.”Fall added.“Other explanations include increased wellbeing and social contacts or effects of the dog on the bacterial microbiome(微生物菌群) in the owner.”F
8、all added that because all participants of the study were Swedish，the results most closely apply to dog owners in Sweden or other“European populations with similar culture regarding dog ownership”【语篇解读】 本文是生活类说明文。作者首先介绍了一项研究结果：养狗可以降低患- 2 -心脏病及死亡的风险，接下来分析了可能产生这种结果的原因。1Why did the researchers do the s
9、tudy related to 3.4 million peoples health and the dogs?ATo help Europeans.BTo find their association.CTo protect unhealthy adults.DTo reduce the risk of heart disease.B 细节理解题。文章第一段提出了一项研究成果：养狗可以降低患心脏病和死亡的风险。第二段讲的是科学家们在十二年间研究了三百四十万人，他们发现养狗的独居成年人比不养狗的独居成年人的死亡率要低 33%，也就是说，做这项研究是为了发现两者之间的关系，所以选 B。2What
10、 does the underlined word“prominent”probably mean in Para.3?AUniversal. BConfusing.CAppealing. DImportant.D 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，独居的人跟那些生活在多人口家庭里的人相比，他们患心脏病以及死亡的风险更高。所以，作为一种保护因素，养狗对独居的人来说尤其“重要”，故选 D项。3Whats the main idea of the text?AAdults living with dogs are less likely to die.BSwedish people are very fo
11、nd of pets.CKeeping a dog is a popular and healthy hobby.DOwning dogs reduces the risk of heart disease.D 主旨大意题。文章第一段就提出了研究结果：养狗可以降低患心脏病及死亡的风险，之后分析了可能产生这种结果的原因，故选 D项。4Whats the writers attitude towards owning a dog?APositive. BNegative.CObjective. DContradictory.C 作者态度题。作者在介绍了研究结果之后，接着用研究报告及研究人员的言论分
12、析了可能导致这种结果的原因，其中并没有表明作者自己的态度，只是在用事实说话，不带有个人意见，因此是客观的，所以选 C。.语法填空(2019石家庄质量检测)When it comes to eating habits，China is a country we must mention.Unlike in the West，1._ everyone has their own plate of food，in China the dishes 2._(place) on the table and everybody shares.If - 3 -youre being treated by a
13、 Chinese host，be prepared for a ton of food.During eating，the host serves food with public chopsticks to guests 3._(show)his or her politeness.The appropriate thing to do is to eat the food and say how delicious it is.If you dont like it，you can just say a polite“thank you”，with the food 4._ (leave)
14、there.But dont stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl.If so，its very impolite 5._ the host and seniors who are present at the table.At dinner，if half of the fish is eaten up，a guest shouldnt turn the fish over by saying“fan”，which is 6._ Chinese word for“turn over”，which is considered bad lu
15、ck for 7._(fisherman)and their boats.The 8._ (separate)of the fish bone from the lower half of the flesh is usually done by the host or hostess.This is especially true in southern China.These tips above will be 9._(extreme)useful when you visit China，an 10._(east)country with a long history.【语篇解读】 就
16、餐礼仪因文化不同而不同。本文主要介绍了中国的餐桌文化。1where 考查定语从句。空处是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the West，同时在从句中作地点状语。2are placed 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句子讲述的是客观情况，要用一般现在时；主语 the dishes与动词 place之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。3to show 考查非谓语动词。主人上菜给客人，附带有公筷，这是为了表示对客人的礼貌。空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。4left 考查非谓语动词。此处为 with复合结构，空处作宾语 the food的补足语，并且 the food与 leave之间是逻辑上的动宾关
17、系，所以要用过去分词。5to 考查介词。be polite/impolite to sb.是固定短语，意思是“对某人礼貌/不礼貌” 。6the 考查冠词。 “fan”就是汉字里表示“翻过来”的意思。此处表示特指，故要用定冠词 the。7fishermen 考查名词的单复数。fisherman 为可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故空处应用名词的复数形式。8separation 考查名词。空处前面有定冠词 the修饰，再结合空后的 of可知，空处应填名词。9extremely 考查副词。空处修饰后面的形容词 useful，作状语，要用副词。10eastern 考查形容词。空处作定语，修饰后面的名词 country，表示“东方的” ，所以要用 eastern。- 4 -
