1、I. Chinese Cultural Terms :1.绿茶 green tea 2.红茶 black tea3.乌龙茶 oolong tea4.黑茶 dark tea5.花茶 scented tea6.茉莉花茶 jasmine tea7.八大菜系 eight major schools of cuisine /8 Regional Chinese Cuisines8.茶道 tea ceremony 9.茶具 tea set10.紫砂壶 boccaro teapot 11.北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck12.清蒸鱼 steamed fish 13.狗不理包子 Goubili
2、steamed buns 14. 佛跳墙 Buddha Jumping the Wall 15.论语 The Analects16.诗经The Book of Songs17. 道德经 Classic of the Way and Virtue18.道家 Daoism19.汉字 Chinese character20.象形文字 pictograph21.甲骨文 oracle-bone inscription/ oracle-bone script 22.篆文 seal character/ seal script 23.文房四宝 four treasures of study 24.丝绸之路
3、the Silk Road25. 海上丝绸之路 the Maritime silk road26.一带一路倡议 The Belt and Road Initiative27.西域 the Western regions28.敦煌石窟 the Dunhuang Grottoes29.春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period30. 方块象形文字 the square-shaped pictographic character 31. 颜(真卿）体 the Yan style 32. 民间艺术 folk arts 33.年画 New Year pictures34.剪纸 p
4、aper cutting /papercuts35.皮影戏 shadow play 36.苏绣 Suhou Embroidery37.造纸术 paper making 38.印刷术 printing 39.佛经 Buddhist scripture40.行书 running script /semi-cursive script 41.草书 cursive script42.楷书 regular script/standard script43.隶书 official script/ clerical script 44.砚 the ink slab/ the ink stone; 墨 ink
5、 stick45.六艺：礼乐射御书数 “six arts” : ritual,music,archery, carriage driving , calligraphy , and mathematics46.毛笔 the writing brush 47.宣纸 xuan paper/ rice paper48.中国书法 Chinese calligraphy49.简体字： simplified characters50. 繁体字 complex characters/ traditional characters 51.中国结 Chinese knots52.佛教 Buddhism53.国徽
6、 national emblem54. 国旗 national flag55. 国歌 national anthemII. Multiple choices （每题三个选项中选一个最佳答案）1)Which of the following is irrelevant to the pictographic symbols of Chinese characters? （下列哪项与汉字的象形符号无关？）_A Aspiration. 吸 Imagination.想象 Creativity.创造力 Allusion.典故2) Which of the following statements is
7、true of the name of Fudan University（关于复旦大学的名称，下列哪个陈述是正确的？）_D The characters both stand for “the sun rising on the horizon“.这些字符都代表着“太阳在地平线上升起” The name is taken from a Chinese classical poem.这个名字取自中国古典诗歌 The name encourages the students to get up early in the morning.这个名字鼓励学生早上早起 The characters are
8、 intended to tell the students to make progress day by day.这些字旨在让学生们一天天地进步3) Which of the following languages mostly consists of language pictures（下列语言中哪一种主要由语言图片组成？）? B_ Mandarin Chinese. 普通话 Hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt.古埃及的象形文字 Oracle-bone inscription. 甲骨文 Seal characters.篆书4) The symbol for “swi
9、mming” is closest to（“游泳”的符号最接近的是） _.C oracle-bone inscription 甲骨文 Mandarin Chinese 普通话 seal characters 篆书 none of the above 没有选项5)The symbol for “athletics” contains the ingredients of （“运动”的符号包含了）_.A dancing and running 跳舞、跑步 running and swinging 跑步和摆动 dancing and swinging 跳舞和摆动 triathlon and foot
10、ball 铁人三项和足球6)All the following are the titles of Confucius except（以下孔子的头衔除了） _.B an educator 一个教育家 A biologist 一个生物学家 A scholar 有识之士 A philosopher 一个哲学家7)The expression “filial piety” most probably means being （“孝”的意思很可能是指）_.D Loyal to the state 忠于国家 Obedient to sister(s) 听姐姐的话 Responsible for the
11、family 对家庭负责 Dutiful to parents 孝顺父母8)Which of following can best describe Confucius view on the relationship between man and nature （下面哪一个最能说明孔子对人与自然关系的看法？） _.D Brothers 兄弟 Husband and wife 夫妇 Doctor and patient 医生和病人 Mother and son 母子9)Through burial and ancestral worship rituals,people can learn
12、that （通过丧葬和祭祖仪式，人们可以了解到。）_.B Nature is lifeless so it will never die 自然是没有生命的，所以它永远不会死。 Individuals life can be everlasting by joining nature 人的一生可以通过自然的延续而持久。 They should be grateful to their parents for giving them lives 他们应该感谢父母给了他们生命。 Individuals lifespan is short,so they should enjoy life as mu
13、ch as possible 每个人的寿命都很短，所以他们应该尽可能地享受生活。10)Which of following is the most important part of Confucius curriculum? （下列哪一项是孔子课程最重要的部分？） _.C Music 音乐 calligraphy 书法 virtue 美德 Mathematics 数学11)Zi Lu ,Ran You and Gongxi Chis aspirations represent _,while Zeng Dians reflects （子路，你和公西迟的愿望代表了 _，而曾点的反映了）_.D
14、Personal ambition;selfishness 个人的野心; 自私 Lofty ideals;meaningless pursuit 远大的志向；毫无意义的追求 Personal struggle;generous contribution 个人奋斗;慷慨的奉献 Individual contribution to society; harmony 个人对社会的贡献;和谐12)Which of the following can cover all the connotations of the art of writing （下列哪一项可以涵盖书写艺术的所有内涵？） _.D ca
15、lligraphy 美术字（体）;书法，笔迹 penmanship 书写艺术，书法，书写技巧 handwriting 书法，手书 None of the above 以上都不是13)How was Chinese calligraphy displayed by Lin Huaimin （林怀民是如何展现中国书法的）_.A By dance 通过舞蹈 By script 通过剧本 By music 通过音乐 By brush 用刷子14)What can we infer from the example of Zhang Xu （我们可以从张旭的例子中推断出什么？）_.D He did no
16、thing but practice his running-cursive script all day 他整天只练习行书。 He learnt calligraphy by copying other calligraphers of his time 他模仿他那个时代的书法家学习书法。 He often watched sword dance to learn from it for his calligraphy 他经常看剑舞学习书法。 He made fast progress when he discovered the genuine beauty of calligraphy
17、当他发现书法真正的美时，他进步很快。15)How is the “energy”of”one-stroke character”achieved （“能量”的一笔书是如何写出来的？） _.C By pressing the brush harder 通过用力按压笔刷 By writing the character with only one stroke 只写一个笔画 by writing the strokes at one go 写那些笔画的时候一气呵成 By connecting the strokes in the interior 通过连接内部的笔画16)Which of foll
18、owing words can best summarize the characteristic of “ink pig” （下面哪个词最能概括“墨猪”的特点？）_.B vigorous 有力的 cumbersome 笨重的 heavy 重的，沉重的 Dense 密集的，稠密的17)The three most valuable calligraphic works in the three-treasure study include works by all the following calligraphers except _.D Wang xizhi Wang xianzhi Wa
19、ng xun Zhang xu18)What can we learn about wang xizhis calligraphic works according to the passage（根据这篇文章，我们可以从王羲之的书法作品中学到什么？） _.D His handwriting looks like a dragon 他的笔迹像一条龙。 His hand writing is heavy but vigorous 他的笔迹重而有力。 Preface to the lanting pavilion collection is his first work 兰亭集的序言是他的第一部作品
20、。 The original of preface to the lanting pavilion collection is missing兰亭集序的真迹已经不见了19)How did the criterion of “being hidden”in yan style occur （颜体的“隐”的标准是怎么出现的） _.C It dawned upon yan zhenqing accidentally 颜真卿偶然发现的 Yan zhenqing learnt it from former masters 颜真卿从它原先的主人那里学到的 Yan zhenqing got the idea
21、 from zhang xu 颜真卿是从张旭那里得到的想法 It was passed down from yans ancestors 它是颜真卿的祖宗传下来的III. Translation 英译汉 ， 汉译英（英汉互译都要掌握）重要提示：请各位同学务必复习这些段落的英译汉，以及汉语段落回译成英文。翻译复习 1.Unit 1, Page 7 , para. 18Before Confucius,only the nobility had the right to education.He was the first figure in Chinese history to initiate
22、 private education.According to historical records,Confucius taught for many years and trained 3000 disciples.A total of 72 of them excelled in the ”six arts”,i.e.（也就是）,ritual（礼）,music（乐）,archery（射）,driving（御）,calligraphy（书）,and mathematics（数）.A great educator,Confucius has been admired by later gen
23、erations as the “sage of sages”.在孔子之前，受教育的权利为贵族阶层所垄断。孔子在中国历史上首开私人讲学之风气。他长期从事教育工作。据史书记载，他有弟子三千，其中通六艺的有七十二人。孔子是伟大的教育家，被后人尊称为“至圣先师”。2.Unit2 , page 18.para.11 Laozi said,”The greatest virtue is like water”.He compared his philosophy of ”non-contention” to water, to distinguish it from the law of the jun
24、gle.He said, “Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing”.To Laozi,humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places.Driven by desire,humans like whatever thy think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior.Yet water always flows downward.As the
25、 source of life water nourishes all living things on Earth.老子说“上善若水”-水具有最高的善。老子以水比喻他的“不争”哲学思想，与恶意争斗的丛林法则相区别。老子说, “水善万物而不争。”在老子看来，人往高处走，水往低处流。人情受欲望驱动，好高而恶下，而水却永远往下流淌。水是生命之源，可以滋润万物，给大地带来生命。3.Unit 5, page43,para. 1Protection of the eco-environment is capturing wider international attention today.Eco-et
26、hics and eco-philosophy have arisen in the face of the increasingly serious ecological crisis facing the whole world.Scholars in the field point out that human damage to the natural environment has accelerated to such an extent as to threaten the very existence of human beings themselves.今天，全世界都普遍关注
27、生态环境的保护问题，面对日益严重的生态危机，国际上出现了生态伦理学和生态哲学。学者们强调指出，人类对自然环境破坏已经达到从根本上威胁人类自身生存的地步。4.Unit 6 Page 55, Para.2Some pictographic symbols of Chinese characters express peoples keen observation and experience of the world.This is why some European poets have found Chinese characters inspiring to their imaginatio
28、n. Ezra Pound,for example,was well known for his admiration of Chinese characters,from which he was able to draw creativity.When he saw the character “旦”in the dictionary,he was reminded of the morning sun.汉字中的象形符号包含了中国人对世界敏锐的观察和丰富的体验。这也是一些西方的诗人发现汉字能激发他们的想象力的原因。比如，美国诗人庞德以推崇汉字而著名，汉字的象形符号激荡起他的创造力。他在字典
29、中看到汉字“旦” 时，他即联想到早晨的太阳。5.Unit 7 page 62 ,para .3The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route,but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China,India,the Mesopotamian plains,Egypt,and Greece.It also helped to promote the exchange of science and technology between east and west.
30、The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient China to open up to the outside world, as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country,which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chinese culture.丝绸之路不仅是一条古代通商的道路，它更是连接古代中华文明，印度文明，埃及文明，希腊文明和美索不达米亚文明的纽带。它也为东西方的科学
31、技术交流起到了促进作用。丝绸之路是古老的中国走向世界，接受世界其他地方文明营养的主要通道。中国文化性格的塑造与丝绸之路息息相关。6.Unit 8 page71 , para .1Cloisonne is a traditional art widely known in and outside China.It is a kind of superb local expertise from Beijing,which combines the skills of bronze art,porcelain,carving,and other types of folk arts.It is d
32、eemed valuable in the eyes of collectors, as well as providing refined ornaments for daily use.景泰蓝是驰名中外的传统工艺，集青铜艺术，瓷器和雕刻诸种工艺制作技巧于一身，是一门道地的北京绝活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，又是人们居家使用的精美物品。page .172, para .7Spring Festival(or Chinese New Year)is the most important traditional festival in China.People celebrate it with l
33、anterns and streamers,no matter where they live, in the countryside or in the city.New Year pictures are an indispensable part of this celebration for each and every household.People put up New Year Pictures in their homes to enhance the lively festive atmosphere.春节是中国最重要的传统节日，一到春节，无论城市农村，人们都要张灯结彩庆贺
34、，张贴年画，是家家户户春节必不可少的节目。人们用年画将家里布置得热热闹闹，增添过年的气氛。page .172, para .8Most New Year pictures feature designs symbolizing good fortune,auspiciousness（吉利）and festivity.A popular New Year picture entitled Surplus in Successive Years depicts a cute plump baby holding a big carp（鲤鱼）in his arms and a bouquet of
35、lotus flowers in his hand.”Fish”and”surplus”in Chinese have the same pronunciation (yu).Through the homophony（同音异义）of the two words, people express their wishes for affluent（富裕的） lives.年画在内容上多表现为祝福，吉祥和喜庆之意。如一幅广为流传的年画连年有鱼，画一个可爱的胖娃娃，怀里抱着一条大鲤鱼，手里拿着一束莲花。“鱼” 和 “余”在汉字中读音相同，通过谐音，以表示生活富足，年年有余。10.Unit22 page
36、207,para.2It is widely acknowledged that from Ming and Qing dynasties onwards,there are eight major schools of cuisine based on regional cooking.they came from Shandong,Sichuan,Guangdong,Fujian,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hunan,and Anhui provinces.In addition to these traditional cuisines,the culinary industry
37、 in China has undergone great changes,as almost every place has its own local specialties,and the different cuisines gather in big cities such as Beijing.说起中国饮食，明清以来，公认的有八大菜系，这它们分别是：鲁菜,川菜，粤菜，闽菜，苏菜，浙菜，湘菜，和徽菜。除了这些传统菜系，当今中国，美食地图发生了很大的变化，几乎全国各地都有自己的拿手菜，在北京这样的大城市汇聚了各种地方名菜。11.Unit23 page215,para.1 Tea is
38、a wonderful beverage originally produced in China about 4000 years ago.During the Tang Dynasty,Japanese monks introduced tea seeds to Japan,and by combining tea with Zen Buddhism,created the world-famous Japanese tea ceremony.In the 17th century,the Dutch took to Europe the Chinese habit of tea drin
39、king,which then became a tradition of the Europeans.In England in particular,people developed the custom of afternoon tea.Prior to the 19th century,all the tea in the world was grown in China,and even the English word “tea” was a transliteration（音译）of the pronunciation of “tea” in the Fujian dialect
40、 of China.Tea is an important contribution of the Chinese people to the world.茶，这一美妙的饮品原产地在中国。 四千多年前，中国人就开始有饮茶的习惯。唐代时，日本的僧人从中国引入茶种，与同时引入的禅宗思想相结合，形成了闻名世界的日本茶道。17 世纪时荷兰人将中国人饮茶的习惯带到欧洲，进而形成了欧洲人喝茶的传统。尤其在英国，下午茶的习俗由此而生。 在 19 世纪之前，世界各地饮用的茶叶都来自中国。英文中茶叶译为 tea,就是根据中文的音译（福建方言“茶”的读音）。茶，是中国人对世界的重要贡献。IV. Short Ans
41、wer questions1. How did the ancient Silk Road influence Chinese culture?/ What is the significance of the ancient Silk Road?The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route,but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China,India,the Mesopotamian plains,Egypt,and Greece.It also he
42、lped to promote the exchange of science and technology between east and west.The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient China to open up to the outside world, as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country,which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chin
43、ese culture.丝绸之路不仅是一条古代通商的道路，它更是连接古代中华文明，印度文明，埃及文明，希腊文明和美索不达米亚文明的纽带。它也为东西方的科学技术交流起到了促进作用。丝绸之路是古老的中国走向世界，接受世界其他地方文明营养的主要通道。中国文化性格的塑造与丝绸之路息息相关。2. What does filial “piety” mean according to Confucius（孔子认为孝是什么意思？）? Confucius regarded “filial piety and fraternal duty” as the essence of ren. The Doctrine
44、of the Mean (Zhongyong) quotes Confucius as saying,“The greatest love for people is the love of ones parents.”孔子把“孝与兄弟的责任” 视为仁的本质。中庸援引孔子的话：“人最伟大的爱是父母的爱。”How do you understand it（你是怎么理解的？） ?I think filial piety is the basis of being a man, and parents are the most important people in the world. Our l
45、ife is given by our parents, and we should always be grateful to our parents.我认为孝顺是成为人的基础，父母是世界上最重要的人。我们的生命是由父母给予的，我们应该永远感激我们的父母。3. What is emphasized in the Confucian philosophy of “life”? Please illustrate it with an example（儒家“生命”哲学强调什么？请举例说明。）.In the Confucian philosophy of “life”, love for and
46、kindness toward all living things are emphasized.在儒家的“生命 ”哲学中，强调对一切生命的热爱和善待。4. What is the attitude of the Tang Dynasty toward other cultures（唐代对其他文化的态度如何？）?Tang Dynasty tolerated and absorbed elements from all foreign cultures.唐代对外来文化宽容和吸收。5.Why are Zheng Hes voyages to the Western Seas considered
47、to be the greatest ones compared with the European explorers of his time （为什么郑和的西洋之旅被认为是与他那个时代的欧洲探险家相比最伟大的？）?Because compared with those explorers,Zheng Hes voyages took place much earlier and on a much larger scale.And Zheng Hes ships were also constructed with advanced technology and craft.因为与那些探险
48、家们相比，郑和的航行时间更早，规模更大，郑和的船只也是用先进的技术和工艺建造的。6.What s the meaning of “ren” (仁）(benevolence) according to Confucius（根据孔子，“仁”是什么意思 ?）?Confucius interpreted ren as “love of people”, which begins with the “love for ones parents”.孔子把仁解释为“对人民的爱 ”，从“爱父母”开始。7.What are important factors when making and drinking t
49、ea（沏茶和喝茶的重要因素是什么？）?The Chinese attach great importance to the water,tea leaves,tea set and fire,when making and drinking tea.中国人在沏茶和喝茶的时候非常重视水、茶叶、茶具和火候。8.Why was Tang Capital Changan considered to be the largest and the most prosperous international city in the world at the time（为什么唐代长安被认为是当时世界上最大、最繁荣的国际城市？）?The Tang capital Changan could be said to be the largest metropolis in the world at the time because of its enormous size, large
