1、喷油泵内泄露的产生部位及防治措施喷油泵是柴油发动机的“心脏” ，它的作用是为柴油建立高压，并且根据发动机工作顺序和负荷变化，定时、定量地将柴油供应给喷油泵，喷入燃烧室。一旦喷油泵出现内部泄露，甚至高压油路与低圧油路相连通，将造成柴油机启动困难，工作无力，直至无法正常运转。同时泄露的柴油进入润滑油中，使润滑油稀释。变质，进而增加机件的磨损。 1：喷油泵内泄露的诊断方法喷油泵发生内泄露，一般用肉眼难以察觉。如果发动机出现启动困难，功率下降，油路有排不完的空气，有时自动熄火，同时喷油泵壳体内或油底机油平面异常升高，即可诊断为喷油泵内部泄露。2：喷油泵内泄露的主要部位柱塞套安装台肩处泄露柱塞式喷油泵的
2、柱塞套大圆柱面台肩与油泵上体之间不设密封垫圈，依靠两个结合的精细加工实现密封。这是一个环形的、面积很小的密封平面。如此处出现明显的挤压痕迹，将引起柴油大量泄露，使柴油机无法正常工作，有时会出现低速转速时可以勉强运转，而转速提高后便会吸入空气的现象。柱塞套安装台肩处产生挤压痕迹的主要原因是拧紧出油阀紧座的扭力过大，另外工作中高压柴油变化的波动应力也会加速此处的疲劳损伤。柱塞与柱塞之间泄露柱塞与柱塞套的配合原本非常精密，其间隙仅 0.0020.003mm, 两者经过选配和研磨，表面粗糙精度特别高。在使用中，如果柴油含有杂质和水份，引起柱塞偶件磨损或腐蚀，间隙增大，柴油发生泄露，因而无法对柴油建立高
3、压。柱塞套定位螺钉处漏油柱塞套定位螺钉下设有一只 1mm 厚的紫铜垫圈，它主要起密封作用。如果漏装此小垫圈，或者它起毛、破裂，柱塞套内的柴油便从定位螺钉处往泄漏。出油阀泄漏当出油阀紧座与出油阀座大端面之间的紫铜（或尼龙）密封垫圈。破裂、变形，或者出油阀紧座末拧紧时，出油阀上方的高压油腔将与下方的低压相沟通，致使喷油泵无法产生高压柴油。回油阀泄漏多缸喷油泵设置回油阀的目的，是使喷油泵上体水平油道的柴油保持约 100kPa 的压力。如果回油阀及阀座磨损、锈鉵、阀门被杂物垫起，或者回油现象，使柱塞套进油口的柴油压力下降，或者将空气吸入喷油泵，致使柴油机工作无力甚至自动熄火。输油泵推杆与衬套间漏油当柱
4、塞式输油泵推杆与衬套磨损过甚，或者推杆上密封圈损坏，泄油量会大增。如果泄油孔堵塞，这部分柴油便流入喷油泵机油池内。3：防止喷油泵骨泄露的技术措施加强燃油供给系统的维护保养，使用经过充分沉淀和过滤的柴油，定期放出燃油箱、沉淀杯和粗细滤清器中的杂质和水份，并加以清洗，以减少精密偶件的磨损。正确装配喷油泵。组装前，各零件一定要彻底清洗干净，严防杂质粘附在配合零件表面。拆装柱塞折出油阀偶件时，要成对地取出、安装和更换。不要随意抽出柱塞，必要时做好标记，以免造成混乱，导致柱塞偶件配合间隙过大而漏油。注意不要丢失和漏装柱塞套定位螺钉下的铜垫圈。要按技术手册规定的力矩（60N.m70N.m）拧紧出油阀紧座。
5、不可拧得过紧，认为是调速器安装不标准引起。送回本店要求作者从头到尾亲自检查安装一遍。听了用户的反映和分析，我持怀疑态度。调速器是我亲手安装，安装的尺寸和灵活度都良好。但一时也说不出具体理由。拆开调速器检查，全部正常，又拉动齿杆检查，感觉有二只缸柱塞灵敏度出现滞卡现象，但不是很明显。拆下柱塞一看，发现柱塞套铜垫片变形，好象浅盘子状，又检查泵体结合面，发现有少许凹陷。造成故障原因是：用户发现油管处漏油后，在用力扳紧油管螺母前为防万一，又用力扳紧油阀紧座，压力超过铜垫片承受能力而变形，造成柱塞套跟着变形，使柱塞活动受阻而起上述故障。处理办法：检查是哪一缸柱塞有故障，松开出油阀紧座，用榔头重击一下调节
6、齿轮，恢复柱塞垂直度，再慢慢逐步扳紧，把扳紧力控制在允许垢范围内。处理办法：用剪刀剪去垫片翘起部份，重新安装，把扳紧力控制在一定范围内，上机试车、故障迎刃而解。Injection pump leaked to produce parts and preventive measuresThe injection pump is the “heart“ of the diesel engine, its role is established for diesel high pressure, and according to the engine in working order and loa
7、d changes, timing, quantitative supply of diesel to the fuel pump, fuel injected into the combustion chamber. Once the injection pump is an internal leak, even the high pressure and low-pressure oil line connected to pass, it will cause the engine start difficulties, inability to work until normal o
8、peration. Leaked diesel fuel into the lubricating oil, lubricating oil dilution. Deterioration, thus increasing the mechanical wear.1: Fuel injection pump leak diagnostic methodThe fuel injection pump internal leakage, generally difficult to detect with the naked eye. If the engine difficult to star
9、t, power down, oil row to finish the air, sometimes automatically turn off, the oil or oil the end of the injection pump housing planar abnormal elevation of diagnosis for fuel injection pump internal leakage.2: injection pump leaked partsDisclosure of the shoulder of the plunger sleeve to install T
10、aiwan No gasket between the plunger injection pump plunger sleeve great circle cylinder shoulder and upper body of the oil pump, relying on a combination of the two fine processing to achieve sealing. This is a ring, the small size of the sealing plane. Department so obvious traces of the extrusion,
11、 will cause large leak diesel, the diesel engine does not work, sometimes slow speed can barely functioning, improve the speed will be inhaled air phenomenon.Plunger sleeve to install units at the shoulder of the main squeeze traces of tight Block, torque tighten the delivery valve is too large, the
12、 fluctuations in the stress of other work in high-pressure diesel change will accelerate here fatigue damage. plunger and the plunger between the leakThe plunger and plunger sleeve with the original precision, the gap is only 0.002 0.003mm, both matching and grinding rough surface accuracy is partic
13、ularly high. In use, if the diesel fuel contains impurities and moisture, causing the plunger wear or corrosion, the gap increases, the diesel fuel leaks, and thus can not be established for diesel high pressure. plunger set screw at the oil spillThe plunger set screw with a 1mm thick copper washers
14、 under it from sealing. If this small washer drain installation, or it is fluff, rupture, the plunger comprising a diesel begins to leak locate the screws at the(4) oil valve leaks(Or nylon) when the tight seat of the outlet valve and the oil valve seat between the large end of the copper gasket. Ru
15、pture, deformation, or the oil valve end of the tight seat tighten the high pressure oil chamber of the outlet valve at the top of the bottom of the low-voltage communication, resulting in the injection pump can not generate the high-pressure diesel. oil return valve leakageThe multi-cylinder fuel i
16、njection pump set oil return valve is designed to make diesel fuel pump upper level of oil duct to maintain a pressure of about 100kPa. If the oil return valve and seat wear, rust Tong, valve debris paving, or back to the oil phenomenon, so that the plunger into the oil mouth of the diesel oil press
17、ure dropped, or the air intake to the fuel injection pump, resulting in diesel engine is unable to even automatically Turn off heat. fuel pump push rod and the bushing between the oil spillWhen the plunger pump plunger and bushing wear off very, or putting on the ring damage, the outflow will increa
18、se significantly. If the vent hole is blocked, the this part of the diesel fuel injection pump flows oil tanks.3: technical measures to prevent the leakage of fuel injection pump bone(1) strengthen the maintenance of the fuel supply system, the use of the fully sedimentation and filtration of diesel
19、, the release of the fuel tank on a regular basis, sedimentation cup and the thickness of the filter impurities and water, and cleaning in order to reduce the precision coupling wear. the correct assembly of fuel injection pump. Prior to assembly, the parts must be thoroughly cleaned, to prevent imp
20、urities adhesion with the part surface. Removable plunger folded Oil Pipe in pairs to remove, install and replace. Not arbitrarily out of the plunger, if necessary, and marked to avoid confusion, the plunger with the gap is too large oil spill. Be careful not to be lost and missing equipment copper
21、washer under the plunger set screw. According to technical manual specified torque (60N.m 70N.m) Tighten out the oil valve tight seat. Can not be overdone, that the governor is not installed standard caused. Back to the shop to the requirements of personally checked from start to finish to install i
22、t again. Listened to the reflection and analysis of the user, I am skeptical. The governor is I personally installed, the installation size and flexibility are good. But so far can not tell the specific reasons. Open the check of the governor, all normal, pull the gear lever to check feeling two cyl
23、inder plunger sensitivity phenomenon of stagnation card, but not very obvious. Remove the plunger and saw that the plunger sets of copper gasket deformation seem shallow dish-like, check the pump and the surface, found a little depression. Resulting in failure reason: users find as a precaution afte
24、r the tubing at the oil spill, before the hard pull tight tubing nut, but also forced to pull tight oil valve tight seat pressure exceeds the copper gasket bearing capacity and deformation, causing the plunger sleeve followed by deformation, plunger activity blocked the sky above fault.Approach: che
25、ck which of piston failure, release the oil valve seat tight, with a hammer blow regulating gear, restore the verticality of the plunger, and then slowly and gradually pull tight, pull tight power control is allowed dirt within.Approach: use scissors to cut the gasket tilt part, reinstall, pull tight power control within a certain range, the machine commissioning, fault solved.
