1、Unit 6 EDI and Its Application,Text A Electronic Data Interchange (EDI),1. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is used by organizations for transactions that occur on a regular basis to a pre-determined format. 组织使用电子数据交换进行交易，这些交易一般是按照提前定好的格式、定期发生的。 As a full-time student, you should attend calsses on
2、 a regular basis.你作为全日制生必须定期上课。 I enjoyed spending time with Griz, giving him personal attention on a regular basis.我喜欢跟格利兹在一起，经常给它特别照料。 An idea has occurred to me.我想起一个主意。 An accident occurred to him.他发生了意外事件。2. EDI is most commonly applied in the Execution and Settlement phases of the trade cycle.
3、 EDI 通常应用在贸易/商业周期的执行和结算阶段。 Phase: a particular point in the time of a cycle ; any distinct time period in a sequence of events .阶段，时期。 The science has passed into a new phase.这门科学进入了一个新阶段。,3.The cycle can be repeated many times, as often as the supermarket wants to buy cornflakes or the vehicle asse
4、mbler needs new supplies of wheels.这个循环可能重复多次，频率之高就象超市想采购麦片或者汽车装配商需要新车轮的供应。as as 作状语。 4. Finding an appropriate trading partner and negotiating conditions of trade is likely to be undertaken by a member of staff in the buying department (or a manager on the golf course). Negotiate: discuss the terms
5、 of an arrangement 磋商，协商，谈判， The management refuse to negotiate with the union. 管理人员拒绝与工会谈判。 He successfully negotiate a new contract with the union. 他成功地与工会商定了一项新契约。 Undertake：accept as a charge从事, 着手; 进行 If he undertakes anything he always messes it up.他要是做什么事情就总是把它弄糟。 Staff :职员；工作人员, 全体职员；全体工作人员
6、例如：the staff of a school学校的全体工作人员 golf course： 高尔夫球场,5only if they were in a standardized format and frequent enough to justify the system costs; transactions such as a dealer claiming payment for warrantee work could be a possible application. 只要这些售后交易是标准格式的，而且使用的频率足够的高使得为该系统投入成本划得来，像经销商向制造商要求支付其保修
7、工作的费用这类交易就可以应用EDI。justify：show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for，证明.是正当的 、合理的。 The end justifies the means 结果证明手段的合理性。 Can you justify yourself in saying that? 你能证明你有着充分理由可以那样说吗？ warrantee ：a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifica
8、tions说明： 制造商一般会把保修保养工作外包给经销商，经销商会定期要求制造商为此付费的。 Is it still under warrantee? 这是否仍在保修期内？,6. EDI can also be used for standardized and repeated transactions that do not fall within the usual definition of trade exchanges. fall within： 归入/属于/分为类/范围之内。 I think this would fall within your price range.我想这会
9、在您预定的价钱范围内。 This fall within the companys range of activity.这属于公司多种业务活动之一。 The case falls within the jurisdiction of the court.该案属这个法院管辖。7. The board then pays the dentists for its proportion of the treatment cost and again this transaction is electronic, using the national bank clearing system. 说明：
10、 在英国这样全民医保的国家，国家要为国民的医疗支付一定的比例的费用的，一般地，每隔一段时期，牙医会把他收治病人的记录和治疗细节以EDI的形式通过计算机发给一个委员会（the Dental Practice Board），委员会会利用英国银行清算系统将它应该承担的一定比例的费用划到牙医的账户上。,8. British Telecom has also started using EDI. in this case for its bills from the gas, electricity and heating oil utilities. 本句应翻译为：英国电信公司也开始应用EDI，它们利
11、用它来收缴来自一些市政公司的费用，包括天然气公司、电力公司和热力油公司。 说明：EDI一般都用于组织、公司之间，家庭几乎不用，因此理解为电信公司利用EDI 收各种费用显然不对。另外理解utilities（注意复数）一词的意义对于理解全句很重要。 Utilities：a company that performs a public service; subject to government regulation. (synonym同义词) public utility, public-service corporation 公用工程; 城市管理服务行业，公共事业公司。 Public utili
12、ties closely related to the residents living developed continuously. 与居民生活密切相关的公用事业继续发展。,9. Both these applications of EDI facilitate the passing of data between the computer applications of trading / co-operating organizations without the delays, inaccuracies and inefficiencies associated with the
13、exchange of data on paper.该句意即: EDI的这两个应用方便了贸易伙伴或者合作伙伴之间的计算机数据传输。而且消除了拖延、误差以及低效，而这些情况在纸质的数据交换中容易发生。 Facilitate: make easier 便利，使 容易 It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative 要是你再合作些，事情就会变得更容易。 The broken lock facilitated my entrance into the empty house. 坏了的门锁使我毫不费力地进入那所空房子。 The new
14、underground railway will facilitate the journey to all parts of the city. 新的地下铁路将为去城市各处提供方便。Modern devices facilitate domestic work. 现代设备使家务活便利了。,10. EDI transactions are composed of codes, values and (if necessary) short pieces of text; each element with a strictly defined purpose. For example, an
15、order has codes for the customer and product and values such as quantity ordered.意即：EDI交易由代码，值和（如有必要）短文本构成，每个成分都有严格定义的目的。比如订单中就有客户代码和产品代码以及所订货物的数量值。注意：此处中名称“order”是订单的意思。 Value : a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed数值，大小, 尺寸。在此是“值” 的意思。 例如： average value平均值present value and accumula
16、ted value of bond债券的现值和终值Value range is 001 to 255.取值范围为001到255。,11. The EDI message sent is between two computer applications. There is no requirement for people to read the message or re-key it into a computer system. 所发送的EDI消息是在两个计算机应用之间进行的，人没有必要去阅读这个消息或者重新把它键入计算机系统。re-key 一词是个杜撰词，由打字机的“键” 的名词活用成
17、动词，表示敲入，键入。re-key就是重新敲入或者键入。12. Usually this is by data communications but the physical transfer of magnetic tape or floppy disc would be within the definition of EDI. 通常EDI是数据传输的，但磁带或者软盘的物理转换也属于EDI的定义范围。magnetic tape 磁带floppy disc (软)塑料磁盘, 软盘be within= fall within,13. EDI can be simply used to repl
18、ace paper transactions with electronic transactions - this is the normal route taken in the initial installation of EDI. EDI 可以简单地被用来以电子交易代替纸质交易-这是EDI安装初期所采取的一般路径。 Take the route 采取路径/路线 They take the overland route to Egypt.他们由陆路去埃及 If I take the shortest route, we may come across a traffic jam. 如果
19、走最近的路，可能会遇上交通阻塞。14. The full advantage of EDI is only realized when business practices are restructured to make full use of the potential of EDI; 可翻译为：只有当商业行为都被重新结构化以充分利用全部的EDI潜力的时候，EDI的充分优势才能实现。 Corrupt business practices were finally brought into the daylight.商业贪污行为最终被曝光。 Practice 惯例；常规；准则; 一般的和常用
20、的做事方法。 例如： according to the international practice 按照国际惯例,15. when EDI is used as an enabling technology to change the way the business operates - just-in-time (JIT) manufacture and quick response supply being prime examples of where EDI is used as an enabling technology to gain competitive advantag
21、e. Enable 使能够 enabling technology 使能技术 JIT =just in time 及时的，例如JIT inventory 零库存JIT manufacture 无库存生产，即时制造。 quick response supply 快速响应的供应。 gain competitive advantage 获得竞争优势。 注意：此处句首的when 似乎多多余，应该去掉。这样EDI is used 就可以做主句，而just in time 一直到句末是独立主格结构作状语。,16. To achieve all this, reliably, in under three
22、days would be to do very well. 此句中不定式短语做主语，中间插入副词reliably。可翻译为：要可靠地做好这些事情三天是必须的。 17. The use of EDI can cut costs. These include the costs of stationery and postage but these will probably be fully matched by the costs of running the EDI service. EDI的使用可以降低成本。这些成本包括文具和邮资成本，但这些成本可能与运行EDI的成本差不多。 Match
23、：匹配，匹敌，差不多。 They are evenly matched.他们都旗鼓相当。 Our willingness must be matched by our ability 能力和愿望要匹配。,18. Note also that seasonal peaks, staff holidays, etc. no longer create a backlog in the order entry area. Note that: 注意（后跟从句） Note that boolean is quite limited.注意布尔值(boolean)的能力非常有限。failed to not
24、e that she had left.我没有注意到她已经走了。 Backlog: an accumulation of jobs not done or materials not processed that are yet to be dealt with (especially unfilled customer orders for products or services) 积压未办的事（特别是订单） There is a large backlog of cases to hear.有大量案件要审讯。 My secretary can not cope with the back
25、log of paperwork.我的秘书无力处理积压下来的文书作业。 The airport is trying to cope with a backlog of flight hold up by fog.机场正想方设法处理由于大雾而造成的航班滞留问题。,19. Keying any information into a computer system is a source of errors and keying paper orders into the order processing system is no exception. 错误常出现在将信息输入计算机系统的时候，输入订
26、单信息进入订单处理系统也不例外。 no exception 没有例外 These regulations admit of no exception.这些规章制度不能有例外。 I can make no exception of you.我不能对你们区别对待。 A true scientific law admits of no exception.真正的科学定律不允许有例外。,20. On the down side, there is no order entry clerk who might have spotted errors made by the customer the cu
27、stomer will get what the customer asked for. 从消极的方面看，没有了原本能发现客户订单错误的订单输入人员，客户只能获得他所要的东西。（意即：没有人纠正客户订单的错误，客户只能自己负责，错了就只能错了。）这句话是从辩证的角度分析EDI的好处与不利之处。who might have spotted errors made by the customer 使用了虚拟语气，一般翻译为原本如何如何让,21 .With paper orders it would be several days before the customer was informed o
28、f any supply difficulty, such as the product is out of stock. With EDI the customer can be informed straightaway giving time for an alternative product to be ordered or an alternative supplier to be used. Inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 He informed me of your decision.他把你的决定告诉了我。 Have you informed them of
29、 your intended departure?你通知了他们你想离去吗？ out of stock 无库存 Were out of stock. 我们卖完了。 This book is out of stock. 这本书脱销了。,22. Just like orders, invoices can be sent electronically. EDI invoices have similar advantages to EDI orders in saved time and avoided errors 就象订单一样，发票也可以电子传送。EDI 发票在节省时间和避免错误方面与EDI订单
30、有类似的优势。 Similar to 与 相似例如： A dance similar to the samba.卡里奥克舞一种类似桑巴舞的舞蹈 My problem is similar to yours.我的问题与你的问题相似。,23. Payment can also be made by EDI. The EDI payment system can also generate an EDI payment advice that can be electronically matched against the relevant invoices, again avoiding que
31、ry and delay.支付也可以使用EDI。EDI支付系统能够生成EDI支付通知，这个通知可以电子化的和相关发票匹配，避免查询和拖延。 Generate：生成，产生。 When coal burns, it generates heat.煤燃烧时，产生热量。 Water power can be used to generate electricity.水力可以用来发电。 Can the Internet be effectively used to generate revenue?因特网能有效地用来创收吗？ Printers can also generate listings of
32、programs and graphic images.打印机也可以打印程序列表和图形图片。,24. Indirect advantages of the use of EDI can include reduced stock holding, improvement of cash flow, business opportunities and customer lock-in.应用EDI的间接好处可能还包括降低所持的库存，改善现金流，更多的商业机会以及客户锁定。 Hold stock 拥有库存，持有股份 Despite the snowstorm , this company hold
33、s adequate stock of vegetables . 尽管出现暴雪，这家公司却拥有大量的蔬菜库存。 Lock in 锁定 ，是经济学术语，指由于沉没成本，使得从一个系统到另一个系统的转移不经济。例如： lock-in range 锁定范围 quick lock-in 快速锁定,25. To gain these advantages EDI has to be seen as an investment - there are costs upfront and the payback is longer term. 要获得EDI的好处，就要把EDI视作一种投资-有先付的成本 ，回
34、报却是长期的。 Upfront :在此是副词，在前面，在最前面，提前In addition, the size of the upfront capital commitment in real estate investing makes diversification within the asset class difficult to achieve. 另外，由于得先垫出一大笔资金，也就很难做到分散投资。 形容词： 先期的，预付的，如： upfront money 预付款Average payback period for mobile applications is 4-6 mont
35、hs 移动应用程序的平均回报期是4-6个月,26.The savings only start when there is a significant volume of business transacted using EDI, a point that is called the -critical mass- in the jargon of EDI. 当应用EDI进行大量的交易时其节省才能显现，在EDI的行话中，这个点被称作临界量，jargon ：a characteristic language of a particular group (as among thieves); 行话，某一行业学科中专用的术语 例如： She dropped into army jargon.她学会了军队的行话。 Expert often confuse laymen with their jargon.专家们常常用行话把外行弄得稀里糊涂。 To speak in argot or jargon.用黑话讲，用术语讲,第六单元完,
