1、RPA (橡胶加工分析仪),Ken ImmelDecember, 2005,RPA (Rubber Process Analyzer),Use a RPA “Combination” test in place of Compound Control testing for: 使用RPA“组合”测试替代胶料控制测试： Stress Strain应力应变 T60 325F Mooney Viscosity门尼粘度 Mooney Scorch门尼焦烧,测试能力 (最佳情况) (2002 研究分析),RPA Combo Test,Usage:用途： One RPA test on a batch a
2、fter equilibrium established for every final mixing run.终炼胶每车都测RPA Average test time is 17 (range is 14 to 28). 平均测试时间为17（范围是14到28）Benefits:优点： LEAN 精益 Easier for the lab/technicians更加容易操作 Timely data generation及时生成数据 More data (every finished run), and many more characteristics being measured 更多数据（
3、每次混炼后），测量更多性能 Improved test precision and sensitivity提高实验准确性和灵敏性 Hysteresis data readily available 容易获得滞后数据,RPA Combo Test Details,Subtest 0: Ready: Temperature 212F with nylon film Subtest 1: Timed (to mold sample): 212F, 2.8% strain, 0.5 Hz, 0.5 minuteProcessability: Subtest 2: Frequency Sweep at
4、low strain 212F, 7% strain, 0.1, 2, 20 Hz Subtest 3: Frequency Sweep at high strain 212F, 100% strain, 0.1, 1 HzCuring Phase: Subtest 4: VTA Strain Cure Temperature ramped up from 212 to 340F over 1.5, then held at 340F until max. torque reached (between 6 to 20 total time depending on compound cure
5、 rate), 7% strain, 1.67 Hz.Subtest 5: Delay (to cool sample) Temperature reduced from 340F to 212F in 2 minutes 0.28% strain, 0.002 Hz.Post Cure Properties: Subtest 6: Strain Sweep at low freq. 212F, 1 Hz, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20% strain Subtest 7: Strain Sweep at high freq. 212F, 10 Hz, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20% st
6、rain,RPA Combo 测试描述,子测试 0: 准备: 温度 212F with nylon film 子测试 1: 定时 (样品成形): 212F, 2.8% 应变, 0.5 Hz, 0.5 分钟 加工性能: 子测试 2: 扫频 低应变 212F, 7% 应变, 0.1, 2, 20 Hz 子测试 3: 扫频 高应变 212F, 100% 应变, 0.1, 1 Hz硫化阶段: 子测试 4: VTA 应变 硫化 温度在1.5内从212F 上升至340F ，保持在340F 直到达到最大转矩（根据胶料硫化速度的不同，总时间在6到12分钟之间），7应变， 1.67 Hz子测试 5: 延时 (冷
7、却样品) 温度在2分钟内从340F降至212F 0.28%应变，0.002Hz 硫化后性能: 子测试 6: 应变扫描 低频 212F, 1 Hz, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20% 应变 子测试 7: 应变扫描 高频 212F, 10 Hz, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20% 应变,RPA Combo Key Properties,PROCESSABILITY S* at 212F, 0.1 Hz, 7% Complex torque will correlate with Mooney viscosity S* at 212F, 20 Hz, 7% Can correlate w/ Extr
8、usion/Calendering characteristicsVTA Cure (212F to 340F) TS0.5 Scorch time indicator T60 Cure time indicator S min. Min. Torque (ML) S max. Max. Torque (MH)POST CURE G at 212F, 10 Hz, 20% Elastic modulus (dynamic) relates to tire operating conditions/properties TD at 212F, 10 Hz, 20% Tangent Delta r
9、elates to heat build-up, traction, rolling resistance, and other stock/tire properties,RPA Combo 主要性能,加工性能 S* at 212F, 0.1 Hz, 7% 复合转矩与门尼粘度关联 S* at 212F, 20 Hz, 7% 能够与挤出/压延性能关联变温分析(212F to 340F) TS0.5 焦烧时间指示 T60 流花时间指示 S min. 最小转矩 (ML) S max. 最大转矩 (MH)硫化后 G at 212F, 10 Hz, 20% 弹性模量（动态）与轮胎操作条件/性能有关 T
10、D at 212F, 10 Hz, 20% Tangent Delta 与生热，牵引力，滚动阻力以及其他胶料/轮胎性能有关,RPA Proc (processability) Test Details & Key Properties,TEST DETAILS Subtest 0: Ready: Temperature 212F with nylon film Subtest 1: Timed (to mold sample): 212F, 2.8% strain, 0.5 Hz, 0.5 minute Processability Steps: Subtest 2: Frequency Sw
11、eep at low strain 212F, 7% strain, 0.1, 2, 20 Hz Subtest 3: Frequency Sweep at high strain 212F, 100% strain, 0.1, 1 HzKEY PROPERTIES: S* at 212F, 7%, 0.1 Hz Complex torque will correlate with Mooney viscosity S* at 212F, 7%, 20 Hz Can correlate w/ Extrusion/Calendering characteristics Difference (S
12、* 20Hz)-(S* 0.1Hz) Can indicate processing variations Tan Delta at 212F, 7%, 20Hz Higher TD generally = better processing S at 212F, 100%, 1Hz Relates to die swell at high strains (injection molding),RPA Proc (加工性能) 测试描述 & 主要性能,测试描述 子测试 0: 准备: 温度 212F with nylon film 子测试 1: 定时 (成形样品): 212F, 2.8% 应变,
13、 0.5 Hz, 0.5分钟 加工性能步序: 子测试 2: 扫频 低应变 212F, 7% 应变, 0.1, 2, 20 Hz 子测试 3: 扫频 高应变 212F, 100% 应变, 0.1, 1 Hz主要性能: S* at 212F, 7%, 0.1 Hz 复合转矩与门尼粘度关联 S* at 212F, 7%, 20 Hz 能够与挤出/压延性能关联 Difference (S* 20Hz)-(S* 0.1Hz) 能够指示工艺变化 Tan Delta at 212F, 7%, 20Hz 一般来说，TD 越高 = 工艺越好 S at 212F, 100%, 1Hz Relates to die
14、 swell at high strains (injection molding),RPA Poly (polymer) Test Details & Key Properties,TEST DETAILS Subtest 0: Ready: Temperature 212F with nylon film Subtest 1: Timed (to mold sample): 212F, 2.8% strain, 0.5 Hz, 2.0+ minute Characterizing Step: Subtest 2: Frequency Sweep at low strain 212F, 7%
15、 strain, 0.1, 2, 20 HzKEY PROPERTIES S* at 212F, 7%, 0.1 Hz Complex torque will correlate with Mooney viscosity S* at 212F, 7%, 20 Hz Can correlate w/ Extrusion/Calendering characteristics Tan Delta at 212F, 7%, 20Hz Higher TD generally means better processing,RPA Poly (polymer) Test Details & Key P
16、roperties,测试描述 子测试 0: 准备: 温度 212F with nylon film 子测试 1:定时 (成形样品): 212F, 2.8% 应变, 0.5 Hz, 2.0+ minute Characterizing Step: 子测试 2:扫频 低应变 212F, 7% 应变, 0.1, 2, 20 Hz主要性能 S* at 212F, 7%, 0.1 Hz 复合转矩与门尼粘度关联 S* at 212F, 7%, 20 Hz 能够与挤出/压延性能关联 Tan Delta at 212F, 7%, 20Hz 一般来说，TD 越高 = 工艺越好,Using RPA Combo T
17、est to Monitor Plant Compound Production (testing done immediately after mixing as a run release test) 使用RPA Combo测试来监控胶料的生产 (混炼后立即对胶料进行测试，作为胶料放行测试),Examples of RPA Use as a Problem Solving Tool RPA测试可作为 解决问题的工具 举例说明,Polymer Differences Within A Code Per The RPA 通过RPA测试某种胶料内部 聚合物的差异,Goodyear Code 10
18、63 MB mix time = 106 sec SW extrusion = ok,Kumho Code 1063 MB mix time = 116 sec SW extrusion = low gauge,Goodyear Code 1063 MB mix time = 106 sec SW extrusion = ok,Kumho Code 1063 MB mix time = 116 sec SW extrusion = low gauge,Goodyear Code 1063 MB mix time = 106 sec SW extrusion = ok,Kumho Code 10
19、63 MB mix time = 116 sec SW extrusion = low gauge,Ave. = 5.09,Ave. = 4.79,Higher Viscosity Stock at WSW Extruder Per The RPA 通过RPA测试出白胎侧挤出机上的高粘度胶,Measuring Processing Scorch Safety For Tread Compounds With The RPA 使用RPA测量胎面胶的 焦烧安全性能,Measuring Carcass Fabric Precure Exposure With The RPA 使用RPA测量胎体帘布
20、硫化前的裸露情况,Measuring Tread Compound Silanization With The RPA 使用RPA测量胎面配方中的 白碳黑含量,RPA (Rubber Process Analyzer),The RPA is a very versatile testing instrument for polymers, mixed compounds and processability issues. RPA是测量聚合物差异，混炼后的胶料性能以及 解决工艺问题的万能测试仪器Its basic limitation be may the imagination of the Technical person seeking answers in the rubber industry. RPA没有局限性，只有从事橡胶工业的技术工程师在 寻求答案时的想象力会枯竭,
