1、2012 年 11 月学位英语收集题“没找到的阅读理解：The English have the regulation being very different from all other nationalites”阅读理解一、When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figures his bread-and-butter business would be lofting high-earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured
2、 wrong.“People were always asking me when they could go,” says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting w
3、ith people who werent studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to
4、 big engineering “factories”where they didnt care if you have values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer:technical genius and sensitive humanist （人文学者）all in one.Now Im not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. A
5、fter three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile （协调）engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical su
6、ccessful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply dontmix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways;together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.26.The author chose to study engin
7、eering at a small liberal-arts university because he _.A）wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality 答案：26.C 27.A 28.B 29.D 30.BB）intended to be a combination of engineer and humanistC）wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in collegeD）intended to be a sensible studen
8、t with noble ideals27.According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can _.A） balance engineering and the liberal arts B） receive guidance in their careersC） become noble idealists D） broaden their horizons28.In the eyes of the author, a successful e
9、ngineering student is expected _.A） to have an excellent academic record B） to be wise and matureC） to be imaginative with a value system to guide him D） to be a technical genius with a wide vision29.The authors experience shows that he was _ A）creative B）ambitious C）unrealistic D）irrational30.The w
10、ord “they”in “. . . together they threaten to confuse. ”（Line 3, Para. 5）refers to _.A） engineering and the liberal arts B） reality and noble idealsC） flexibility and a value system D） practicality and rationality阅读理解四、When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the
11、English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant changeat times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing
12、organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of th
13、eir living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans. At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possib
14、le, a little beauty.As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words
15、in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should unders
16、tand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as w
17、e shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also.The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the langua
18、ge into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.1.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to . A. attempt to continue the standardi
19、zation of the languageB. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patternsC. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or historyD. be more aware of the rules of the language usage2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the w
20、ord “inflection” used in line 4 of paragraph 2.A. Changes in the forms of words.B. Changes in sentence structures.C. Changes in spelling rules. D. Words that have similar meanings.3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can b
21、e set as the beginning of the modern English language.B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the developmen
22、t of the English language.4. The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) .A. historianB. Philosopher C. anthropologist D. linguist5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage?A. The history of the English language. B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.C
23、. Our changing language. D. Some characteristics of modern English.Vocabulary：1.span n. 跨度，范围，一段时间，期间 2.imperceptible adj. 感觉不到的，觉察不到的，极细微的3.organism n. 生物体，有机体 4.possession n. 拥有，占有，领土，领地 5.ignorant adj. 无知的 6.folk n.人们，民族 7.permanence n.永久，持久 8.Anglo-Saxons n.盎格鲁撒克逊语，地道的英国人9.reversal n. 颠倒，反向，逆转 1
24、0.inflection n. 词尾变化 11.preposition n. 前置词，介词12.conjunction n. 联合，关联，连接词 13.in terms of 根据，按照，用的话，在方面长难句解析：【解析】 “who”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“the common, ignorant folk”。 “much as”引导状语从句。“kitchen pots and pans”意为“锅碗瓢盆”。 【译文】一方面它是那些普通人甚至无知民众的财产，他们每天都像使唤他们的牲畜和锅碗瓢盆一样用着语言。【解析】此句为一个复合倒装句。 “until”引导一个并列句，前一句的主语是“a te
25、ndency”， “to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew”作“tendency”的定语，第二句的主语也是“a tendency”， “to”后面的句子作“tendency”的定语， “in which”引导的定语从句修饰“ways”。 【译文】例如在 18 世纪一种产生于各种来源的趋势把语言固定在一个不常使用和不利于语言发展的模式中，而到了当今，主流是要反复研究、评价人们说话、写作中的语言实践。主要讲述英语演变过程的一些特点，指出了古英语与现代英语的不同，以及语言学家对待语言形式的态度的变化。1.B 细节题。阅
26、读文章时注意首末段及各段开头的句子，往往都是考点。这篇文章讲的主要是英语语言演变的一些特点，指出了古英语与现代英语的不同，以及语言学家态度的转变。本题问的正是现代语言学家与早期语言学家不同的倾向。文章末尾 The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to r
27、estudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.现代语言学家倾向于根据人们说和写的方式评价语言实践，而不是像早期的语言学家根据一定的模式评价语言。选项 B 符合文章的意思。2.A 词汇题。要根据上下文的信息判断单词的意思。文章在第二段中间再次提到 inflection 时说，A few inflections, however, have survived. 后面文章又举了 WHO/WHOM 和 ME/I 为例说明 inflection，这是一篇关于语言
28、学的文章，从例子可以看出 inflection 的意思应该是“单词的变形”，选项 A 正确。3.A 细节题。根据文章的内容，选项 A“普遍认为 1500 年是现代英语的起点”在文章中没有提及，故为正确答案。文章第二句说 The history of our language has always been a history of constant change - at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. 我们语言的历史是一个不
29、断变化的历史在一些时间里缓慢得几乎难以察觉，在另一些时间里则是两种语言的激烈碰撞。由此可以推断一些其他的语言对英语的发展有重大影响，选项 B 符合文章的意思。4.D 词汇题。此题考查考生的推测能力和词汇量，文章讲述的是英国语言演进的具体细节，最适当答案是 D。作者很可能是一位语言学家。A(历史学家 )和 C(人类学家)也可以有点迷惑性。B(哲学家)是最不符合的。5.C 主旨题。本文从各个方面谈及英语作为一种语言的发展变化，但并不是讲述英语的历史。所以选项 A 不对，选项 C 作为文章的题目最为贴切。 B 只是文章阐述的一个方面，不全面。文章是在谈到英语的不断变化的时候谈到了现代英语的一些特点，
30、所以 D 也失之于片面。阅读理解五、Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace.This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and custo
31、ms, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated pro
32、blems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn cultureone has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonalds.
33、 In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; t
34、he critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of
35、their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience
36、, and know your customer.1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. All international managers can learn culture. B. Business diversity is not necessary.C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world. . Most people do not know foreign culture well.2. According to the a
37、uthor, the model of Pepsi . is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world aroundis different from the model of McDonalds .shows the reverse of globalization .has converged cultural differences3. The two schools of thought . both propose that companies shoul
38、d tailor business approaches to individual cultures. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world . Both and 4. This article is supposed to be most useful for those .A.who are interested in researching the topic o
39、f cultural diversity B.who have connections to more than one type of cultureC. who want to travel abroad D. who want to run business on International Scale5. According to Fortune, successful international companies . earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas . all have the quality of patienc
40、e. will follow the overseas local cultures . adopt the policy of internationalizationVocabulary：1. dynamic adj. 动态的 2. variable n. 变量 3. aesthetics n. 美学 4. factual adj. 事实的5. interpretative adj. 解释的 6. converge v. 聚合 7. transplant v. 移植 8. myopia n. 近视 9. adversary n. 对手长难句解析 ：【解析】此句虽然很长，但考生只要认清它的主
41、干，就很容易了解本句的意思。这个句子为一个简单句，主语为：“this system”，谓语为“is shaped”。 【译文】特定社会成员特点构成的行为方式体系不断地被一系列动态变量所左右：如语言、信仰、价值与态度、礼仪与风俗、审美、技术、教育及社会体制。答案与详解【短文大意】主要讲述文化背景对商业运作影响，文中列举了商界中存在的对于文化多样性的两种观点。1. C 推断题。意为“对在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。 文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。2. 细节题。意为“ 与同意世界商业一体化的
42、派别的主张是一致的”。 Pepsi 采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。3. C 推断题。意为“承认商业世界中文化的多元性”。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。他们的不同在于，应该对待不同的文化，应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。4. D 主旨题。由文中例子可知，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。5. 细节题。意为“ 都具有耐心这一素质” 。并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入都占总收入的 20%或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化，或是采纳国际化策略。阅读理解六、Videodisc holds great pr
43、omise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who have problems seeing, hearing, speaking, or socializing. Almost eleven percent of the students aged 321 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a regular education program. Handicapped students re
44、quire special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one or more of the following ways: mentally retarded(发展迟缓的) learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped, or other health impairments. The education of these handic
45、apped children is rewarding but challenging.A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information. Repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, and indefatigable(孜孜不倦的) consistency on the part of the teacher is frequently necessary. Interactive videodisc co
46、urseware has characteristics that can be capitalized upon to meet the challenges that special education poses. A videodisc program is infinitely patient. Repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, and designers can assure absolute consistency within a program. Most important, accordi
47、ng to special educator William Healey of the University of Arizona, is that videodisc “adds an extra dimension of realism for children who need graphic representations.“Healey explained that deaf and mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative(比喻的 )language and higher-o
48、rder language concepts. He believes that for special education, the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken for granted by non-handicapped persons. Complex figurative language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily
49、 to mind as being difficult for handicapped learners.62. The special education mentioned in the text is mainly concerned with _.A genius students from day-care centers to colleges B students who are fond of computer video gamesC teachers of language in the University of Arizona D students who are either mentally or physically disabled63. A videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because _.A its fancy design is ve
