1、Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points )In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had 1 that n
2、onhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the 3 are not solely fixed by the genes.4，the learning that occurs
3、is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best 6 the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck
4、 because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly 7 they hatch, ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be consid
5、erably 10, even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics.Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely 13 instinct. But, in examining a “dance“ that bees do to indicate the dist
6、ance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an allpurpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally 14
7、very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. She believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of a mother. In such circumstances, they did not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 17 for her
8、young. Certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn, and the social ties that are created between mother and young 18 Goodall to describe the soci
9、al unit as a family. The motheroffspring tie is beyond 19;there is some evidence to 20 that ties also continue between siblings of the same sex, that is “brotherbrother“ and “sistersister“. 1AassumedBadoptedCbelievedDsurmised2AconsiderateBconsideratedCconsiderableDconsidering3AstatuesBstatusesCstatu
10、tesDstatures4AWhats moreBHenceCButDHowever5AnotBonlyCbutDsolely6AclarifiesBclassifiesCdefinesDoutlines7AthanBbeforeCwhenDafter8AonBwithCinDwithin9AappropriatedBsubstitutedCassignedDdistributed10AvariedBdeviatedCdifferedDaltered11AfashionedBmodifiedCinfluencedDaffected12AmayBshouldCmustDcan13AbyBout
11、ofCfromDthrough14AproveBmakeCturnDcreate15AotherwiseBstillCyetDeven16AoneBsoleCsingleDonly17AlookedBattendedCcaredDprovided18AguideBcauseCdirectDlead19AlimitationBimaginationCdoubtDexpectation20AadviseBhintCimplyDsuggestSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Ans
12、wer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points)Text 1New figures from France,Germany and Italy-the three biggest economies in the 12 country Eurozone -suggest the continents economic woes may have been exaggerated.In France, evidence emerged
13、that consumer spending remained solid in July and August,rising 1.4%and 0.6%respectively.Forecasters had generally expected the July figure to show a 0.1% slippage,with August unchanged.But the figures were flattered slightly by a down grade to the June figure,to 0.7% from1.5%. With manufacturing in
14、 the doldrums across Europe and the US,consumer spending has been increasingly seen as the best hope of stopping the global economic slowdown from turning into a recession.The French government said the news proved that the economy was holding up to the strain of the slowdown.Meanwhile in Germany,ne
15、w regional price figures went someway towards calming fears about inflation in Europes largest economy-a key reason for the European Central Banks reluctance to cut interest 15 states said consumer prices were broadly stable,with inflation falling year on year.The information backed economists expec
16、tations that inflation for the country as a whole is set to fall back to a yearly rate of 2.1%,compared to a yearly rate of 2.6% in August,closing in on the Eurowide target of 2%.The drop is partly due to last years spike in oil prices dropping out of the yearonyear calculation.The icing on the cake
17、 was news that Italys job market has remained buoyant.The countrys July unemployment rate dropped to 9.4% from 9.6% the month before,its lowest level in more than eight years.And a business confidence survey from quasigovernmental research group ISAE told of a general pickup in demand in the six wee
18、ks to early September.But the news was tempered by an announcement by Alitalia,the countrys biggest airline,that it will have to get rid of 2，500 staff to cope with the expected contraction as well as selling 12 aeroplanes. And industrial group Confindustria warned that the attacks on US targetsmean
19、t growth will be about 1.9% this year,well short of the governments 2.4% target. And it said the budget deficit will probably be about 1.5%,nearly twice the 0.8% Italys government has promised its European Union partners. 21We know from the first paragraph that.Anew figures from the three European c
20、ountries show the prediction of forecasters is exactly rightBEuropean economy gets on better than forecasters have predictedCall of the forecasters expect the fully figure to show a reductionDin three European countries the consumer spending continues to rise22The term“in the doldrums“in Paragraph 2
21、 refers to .Ain the process of rising Bexperiencing a sharp turningCin the recessionDrising rapidly23Which of the following statements is true according to the text?.AThe reason for the ECBs unwilling to cut interest rates is inflation was actually expected to fall in GermanyBIn Germany consumer pri
22、ces were fallingCLast years oil prices dropping out of the yearonyear calculation directly leads to the drop of inflationDThe European Central Bank is willing to cut interest rate24ln this passage,the word“buoyant“ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to the word.AdepressingBgloomyCactiveDcalm25lndu
23、strial group Confindustria warned that.Athe attacks on US targets lead to the comparatively lower growthBthe growth had been well short of the governments targetCthe budget deficit must be about 1.5%Dthe budget deficit will probably be great different from the countrys promiseText 2Survey results in
24、dicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 58 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place on September 11, 2001. Almost onethird of the nearly 1,000 persons interviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, mar
25、ijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcohol use. About onefourth of the respondents said they were drinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10% reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marij
26、uana. The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15, 2001. Parti
27、cipants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11th, 23.4
28、% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported imbibing at least one extra drink a day.The researchers found t
29、hat people who reported an increase in substance abuse were more likely to suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and from depression. People who reported an increase in cigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both PTSD and depression, while those who reported an i
30、ncrease in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue
31、efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances. Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. Demographic factors such as
32、age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11th led to an increase in substance use.26. The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was .A alcoholB marijuanaC cigarettesD cocaine27. The survey participants w
33、ere .A randomly selected United States citizensB randomly selected New York City citizensC randomly selected Manhattan residents who live close to the World Trade CenterD randomly selected American citizens who witnessed the terrorist attack28. The author is trying to show that .A use of substances
34、may vary from time to timeB abuse of certain substances is harmful for healthC the attack of september 11th has left incurable harm to peoples mental healthD terrorist attack increase anxiety and sense of insecurity among residents29. What can be said about substance abuse after September 11?A Peopl
35、e who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have PTSD.B People who were living closer to World Trade Center were most likely to increase cigarette smoking.C Displacement from home and involvement in rescue efforts were consistently associated with increased substance use.D Symptoms
36、 of panic attach were unrelated with increased use of substances.30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A Demographic information such as gender, race and marital status was not collected.B Gender and race do not have much effect on the amount of substance abuse. C Age and marital status d
37、o not make any difference on substance abuse.D Income is a better predictor of substance abuse than age.Text 3The entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B. Say, “is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield.“But Says defin
38、ition does not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profi
39、ts and nonmonetary rewards.The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur
40、because he founded and established McDonalds. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fastfood chain. This is what entrepr
41、eneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.Many of the sharp, blackandwhite contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faced to a gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or mark
42、et oriented. They were “above“ the marketdriven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were the mavericks of society. They were risktakers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, an
43、d a more priceconscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies; Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses(e.g., consulting and law) to serve c
44、lients. Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as
45、the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonalds is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident
46、.31.According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?A.The CEO of a big company.B.The owner of a profitable restaurant.C.A man who started a new kind of business but eventually failed after 5 years because of some financial problems.D.A successful salesman.32.Which of the fol
47、lowings are necessary for an entrepreneur?a resource shifterone who starts a new businessnonprofessional moneygaininga risk takerA.B.C. D.33.From the text, we learn that .A.an entrepreneur should be very extrovertedB.an entrepreneur should be quick to seize opportunitiesC.change is not norm in an en
48、trepreneurs eyesD.the French economist J.B. Say is the first person who gave the definition of “entrepreneur“34.The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .A.complete the definition of entrepreneurB.tell the readers what is entrepreneur and the main characteristics of entrepreneursC.show
49、 what kind of people can become entrepreneurs D.illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur35.What will most possibly follow the text?A.An example of how an entrepreneur operates.B.Another theory about entrepreneurship.C.The bad effects of entrepreneurs.D.The good effects of entrepreneurs.Text 4Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of
