1、辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案 新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第 2 册 辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部 Copyright 2007-2016 Unit 5 Section A Spend or save The students dilemma 花钱还是存钱 ，学生进退 维谷 1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, “Should I spend or should I save?“ I think that the messages we get from our environ
2、ment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. The government tells us to spend or well never get out of the recession. At the same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave danger. Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks se
3、nd us credit card offers so we can spend more. 1 你是不是跟我一样对“ 我应该花钱还是存钱” 这个问题感到困惑， 且有被操纵的感觉？ 我觉 得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、 互相 矛盾的。 政 府告诉我们要花钱， 否则我们将永远走不出衰退； 与此同时， 他们又告诉我们， 除非我们节省更多的钱， 否则 我 们的国家会处于严重危险之中。 银 行提供较高的利率以增加储蓄。 然 后，同样是这些银行 又提供信用卡让我们可以花更多的钱。 1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do wit
4、h this question, “Should I spend or should I save?” (Para. 1) Meaning: When asking yourself whether you should spend or save, do you feel puzzled and controlled as I do? Meaning beyond words: According to the conventional concept, we are the master or the boss of the money we have earned. It is up t
5、o us to decide how to use our money. However, the sentence gives us the hint that we are actually no longer in control of our money. 2 I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. (Para. 1) Meaning: In my opinion, the messages we get in o
6、ur daily life about the question “Should I spend or should I save?” are against common sense and they often dont agree with each other. Usage note: defy, deny defy 和 deny 都是及物动词，词形相近，但实际上两者词义有别，用法也不同。 1 defy 主要 表示“ 违抗； 反抗； 蔑视” ， 后接名词； 而 deny 主 要表示“ 否认； 拒绝承认”，后接 名词或 that 引导的从句。 Nearly 11 thousand peo
7、ple have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading. 近一 万一千人因违抗在街上交易的禁令而被捕。 The government has denied that the authorities have uncovered a plot to assassinate the president. 政府已否认当局发现了一个暗杀总统的阴谋。 2 defy 后接 动词不定式表示“ 挑战；刺激某人做某事” 时，不能用动名词形式；deny 表示“ 否辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案 新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第 2 册 辽东学院
8、外国语学院公共英语本科教学部 Copyright 2007-2016 认；拒绝承认” 时，后面不能接动词不定式，只能接动名词形式。 I defy you to come up with one major accomplishment of the current prime minister. 我倒 要看看你能否讲出一项现任首相作出的重大成就。 He denied doing anything illegal. 他否认做过任何违法的事。 3 The government tells us to spend or well never get out of the recession. (Pa
9、ra. 1) Meaning beyond words: To help the country recover from the economic recession, the government is encouraging people to spend, which will help stimulate production, job markets and bank liquidity. 4 At the same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave danger. (Para.
10、1) Meaning: Meanwhile, they warn us that if we dont save more money the economic recession will grow and severely harm our country. Usage note: unless 1 unless 作 连词，表示“ 除非 ；如 果不” ，引导条件状语从句，意为“ 如果某个条件不 出 现，某件事就不会进行” 。使用 unless 时必须留 意从句中动词的时态。虽然 unless 所说的 条件都是未出现或未发生的， 但必须用一般现在时或过去时， 不能用表示将来的时态。 例如：
11、I will not go to Beijing unless the company pays for the trip. 如 果公司不支付旅费，我不会 去北京。（不能用 will pay ） She wouldnt do that unless I allowed her. 如果我不允许，她不会去做那件事。（不能用 would allow ） She will keep on singing unless she is told to stop. 她会一直唱 下去，除非有人叫她停止。 （不能用 will be told） She would not come to work as befo
12、re unless her mothers health condition turned for the better. 她不会像以前那样来上班了，除非她母亲的病情好转。（不能用 would turn） 2 unless 和 if not 都可 以引导条件状语从句， 但适用情况不同， 很容易混淆， 要注意区别。 指将来可能发生或可能真实的情况用unless ； 如 果知道事情没有发生或不真实则用 if not 。 可以说 If you werent always in such a hurry, your work would be much better。不说 Your work woul
13、d be much better unless you were always in such a hurry 。见更多例 句： Unless they get protection, they will not testify. (= If they do not get protection, they will not testify.) 如果 得不到保证，他们不会作证的。 I would go out if it wasnt raining. (= But it is raining, so I am not going out.) 要是不下雨， 我就出去了。 5 Banks offe
14、r higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more. (Para. 1) Meaning beyond words: Here is the “spend or save” paradox. On one hand, the government tells us to spend, and, on the other hand, thay want us to save more. While 辽东学院外国语学院大
15、学英语系列教案 新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第 2 册 辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部 Copyright 2007-2016 the banks offer high interest rates to attract us to deposit money, they send us credit cards to encourage us to spend. 2 Heres another familiar example: If we dont pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding, nasty emails fr
16、om the credit card company saying something like: “Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or youll be in trouble!“ Then, as soon as we pay, we get a follow-up email in a charming tone telling us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to resume spending.Which depiction is cor
17、rect: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer? The gap between these two messages is enormous. 2 这里还有 一个大家熟 悉的例子： 如果我们不 按时支付信 用卡账单， 我们会收到 从信 用 卡 公司发来的类似这样的令人讨厌的催缴账单的电子邮件： 不还款是不可接受的。 请立即缴付， 否则后果自 负！ 之后， 一旦还款， 我们就会收 到一封跟进 的电子邮件 ，语气和蔼 可亲，说 我们是多么 宝贵的客户 ，并鼓励我 们继续花钱 。 到底哪一 个描述是正 确的？有麻 烦的失败 消费者还
18、是宝贵的客户？ 这两者之间可是天壤之别！ 6 Heres another familiar example: If we dont pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding, nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like: “Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or youll be in trouble!” (Para. 2) Meaning: If we fail to pay o
19、ur credit card bill on time, the credit card company will send us harsh and unfriendly email messages to warn us that either we pay at once or well get penalties. Sentence structure note: 祈使句+ or/and + 陈述句 1 “祈使句+ or + 陈述句” 结构表示“ 否则”，其中 ，or 还可以 换成 and， 表达的意思发生相 应的变化，表示“ 如果，就” 。对连词 or 或者 and 的选 择，主要根
20、据相应连词前后句表 达的意义，如 果前后句有 转折关系， 就用 or ，一般表达一种 负面的结果 ；如果前后 句表示 意义顺承，无转折关系，就用 and 。例如： Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or you cant catch what he is saying. 上课时要仔细 听老师讲课，否则你就无法了解他在说什么。 Walk down our street, and youll see kids playing. 你要是走上 街头，就会看到孩子们在玩 耍。 2 在“ 祈使句+ or/and + 陈 述句” 结构中； 陈述句通常用将来时
21、态, 即“will+ 动词原形” ， 也可用 情态动词 can，may 等。 但通常不能用一般现在时或现在进行时。例如： Work hard, and you can make rapid progress in your study. 努 力吧，你会在学业上突飞 猛 进的。 Follow the advice of the doctor, or you wont be well very soon. 遵从医生的 叮嘱，否则你 的身体就不会很快好起来。 3 “祈使句+ or/and + 陈述 句” 结构可与 if 引导的条件 状语从句互换。例如: Get up quickly, or you
22、will be late. (= If you dont get up quickly, you will be late.) 快点起床， 不然你会迟到的。 Work hard, and you will pass the exam. (= If you work hard, you will pass the exam.) 如果辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案 新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第 2 册 辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部 Copyright 2007-2016 你努力学习，你就会通过考试。 4“祈使句+ or/and + 陈述句” 结构中，祈使句有时可以省略动词。例如：
23、Make more effort, or you wont be successful. (= More effort, or you wont be successful.) 如果不多些努力，你就不会成功。 Give me one more hour, and Ill get the work finished. (= One more hour, and Ill get the work finished.) 再给我一 个小时，我就能把工作做完。 7 Then, as soon as we pay, we get a follow-up email in a charming tone t
24、elling us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to resume spending. (Para. 2) Meaning: To lure us into more spending, once our credit card bill is paid, a follow-up email in an entirely different tone will be sent to us, claiming that we are valuable customers. Note: The word resume can
25、be used either as a transitive or intransitive verb. As a transitive verb, it may be followed by a noun or a v.-ing form. 8 Which depiction is correct: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer? The gap between these two messages is enormous. (Para. 2) Meaning beyond words: As there is such
26、 a huge difference between the two email messages, we feel confused about who we are: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer? 3 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each other. One is the “permissive“ perspective, “Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!“
27、 The other we could call an “upright“ message, which urges us, “Work hard and save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your appetite for more than you truly need.“ This message comes to us from many sources: from school, from parents, even from political figures referring to “traditional
28、values“. Hard work, family loyalty, and the capacity to postpone desires are core American values that have made our country great. 3 自相矛盾的情况还有， 我们每天都收到彼此相左的两种信息。 一种 从“ 纵容” 的角 度， 让我 们“ 买东西，花钱，现在就得到它。你需要这个！” 另外一种，我们可称之为“ 正直” 的信息 ， 它力劝我们：“努力工作，把钱存起来。控制你的欲望，不要买奢侈品，不要垂涎那些你并 不真正需要的东西。” 这类信息来源甚多， 有学校方面的，
29、有家长方面的， 甚至还来自提 及 传统价值观 的政治人物 。 艰苦创业 ，忠于家庭 、能推迟欲 望是美国价 值观的核心 ，它使我 们的国家变得强大。 9 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each other. (Para. 3) Meaning: The contradiction is that every day we get two sets of messages disagreeing with each other. 辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案 新视野大学英语第三版
30、读写教程 第 2 册 辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部 Copyright 2007-2016 10 One is the “permissive” perspective, “Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!” (Para. 3) Meaning: One reflects a viewpoint of tolerance, “Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!” Note: The word permissive is an adjective, a derivative from permit. B
31、eing “permissive” implies a very easy and too relaxed position on something and usually lacks good judgment. For example: They were permissive parents and their children grew up to be spoiled and ill-behaving adults. 他们 是太过放任的父母， 他们的孩子长大后会变成被宠坏、 行为举止欠妥的成年人。 Usage note: permissive, tolerant The synon
32、ym of permissive is tolerant, but tolerant is positive in meaning. Permissive carries a negative connotation. Tolerant implies good judgment with a right balance of perspective or actions. For example: The employees tolerant position on the differences in working style meant that the team performed
33、well. 员工对工 作作风的差异持宽容的立场意味着这个团队表现出色。 11 The other we could call an “upright” message, which urges us, “Work hard and save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your appetite for more than you truly need.” (Para. 3) Meaning: We could call the other one an “honest” message, which advises us to
34、 work hard and save money, stop having too many desires, avoid spending too much, and limit our purchases to what we really need. Usage note: urge, persuade 1 从词义上说，urge 的基本意思是“ 力劝；敦促” ，引申可表示“ 强烈要求” 等，比较正式； persuade 主 要表示“ 说服 ；劝说”，指 通过劝说、感情交流等使对方做劝说者所希望的事。 urge 语气强 ，但不一定“ 力劝；敦促” 成功；persuade 语气不 如 ur
35、ge 强， 但强调不仅“ 劝” ， 而且使之“ 服” 。例如： We will urge them to adhere to the Paris Agreement. 我们将敦促他 们遵守巴黎协议。 My husband persuaded me to come. 我丈夫劝我来的。 2 从用法上说， urge 和 persuade 都可 用作及物动词。 urge 可用于 urge sb. to do sth. 结构， 意为“ 催促某人做某事” ；persuade 表示“ 说服” 时， 可用于 persuade sb. to do sth. 结构， 也 可用于 persuade sb. into
36、 doing sth. 结 构， 都表示“ 说服某人做某事” 。 它们 也都可以引出 that 从句。urge 引出的 that 从句中用 （should）+verb，而 persuade 用于 persuade sb. that 结 构，不用（should ）+verb 。例如： His father urged him to speak his mind. 他父亲敦 促他说出心里话。 Were trying to persuade manufacturers to sell their products here. 我们正在努力说服制 造商在这里销售他们的产品。 Sir Fred urge
37、d that Britain (should) join the European Monetary System. 弗 雷德爵士敦促辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案 新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第 2 册 辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部 Copyright 2007-2016 英国加入欧洲货币体系。 We had managed to persuade them that it was worth working with us. 我 们已设法说服他 们，与我们合作是值得的。 12 This message comes to us from many sources: from s
38、chool, from parents, even from political figures referring to “traditional values”. (Para. 3) Meaning: We get this kind of message from many sources such as school, parents, and even politicians who like to talk about traditional values. 4 But the opposite message, advertisings permissive message, i
39、s inescapable. Though sometimes disguised, the messages are everywhere we look: on TV, in movies on printed media and road signs, in stores, and on busses, trains and subways. Advertisementsinvade our daily lives. We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend. Someone recently s
40、aid, “The only time you can escape advertising is when youre in your bed asleep!“ 4 但相反的信息，即那些纵容人们不断花钱的广告，无所不在。 虽然此 类信息有时经过了 乔装打扮， 但仍随处可见， 电视、 电影、 印刷媒介和路牌、 商店， 及公共汽车、 火车和地铁 上，比比皆是。 广告侵 入了我们的日常生活。 我们时时被包围在花钱，花钱，花钱的信息 中。最近有人说：“ 唯一可以逃脱广告的时候是当在床上睡着时！” 13 But the opposite message, advertisings permissive
41、 message, is inescapable. (Para. 4) Meaning: But you cannot escape from the opposite message, advertisements that push you to spend more. 14 Though sometimes disguised, the messages are everywhere we look (Para. 4) Meaning: Though these messages are sometimes subtle and change in form, they can be f
42、ound everywhere we live. 15 Advertisements invade our daily lives. We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend. (Para. 4) Meaning: Our daily lives are flooded with advertisements. Very often we find ourselves enclosed by advertisements that lure us into spending. 5 Its been ca
43、lculated that by the age of 18, the average American will have seen 600,000 ads; by the age of 40, the total is almost one million. Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions, from the breakfast cereal we eat to whichcruise line we will use for our vacation. The
44、re is no shortage of ideas and things to buy! Now, of course, we dont remember exactly what the products were, but the essential message is 辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案 新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第 2 册 辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部 Copyright 2007-2016 cemented into our consciousness, “Its good to satisfy your desires. You should hav
45、e what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it now!“ A famous advertisement said it perfectly, “I love me. Im a good friend to myself. I do what makes me feel good. I derive pleasure from nice things and feel nourished by them. I used to put things off. Not anymore. Today Ill buy new s
46、ki equipment, look at new compact cars, and buy that camera Ive always wanted. I live my dreams today, not tomorrow.“ 5 据计算， 普通的美国人到 18 岁时， 会看过 60 万则广告； 到 40 岁时， 看过的广告总数近 百万。 每个 广告都在尽 最大努力影 响我们形形 色色的购买 决定从 我们吃的早 餐麦片 到 我们的假期将使用哪条邮轮线路。 决不会缺少怎么花钱和买什么东西的广告！ 现 在，我们 当然不能确切地记得广告上的产品，但重要的信息已凝聚在我们的意识里：“ 要满足你
47、的愿 望。你应该拥有你想要的。你应该得到最好的。所以，你应该买下它 现在！” 一个著名 的广告诠释得很完美：“我爱自己。我是自己的好朋友。我做让我感觉舒服的事。我从精美 的东西里得到乐趣， 并感觉到它们给我的滋养。 我过去常想着等一下再买， 现在再也不会了。 今天， 我会购买全新的滑雪装备， 看看新型的小巧灵便的轿车， 买下那台我一直想要的相机。 我今天就要实现我的梦想，不会等到明天。” 16 Its been calculated that by the age of 18, the average American will have seen 600,000 ads; by the ag
48、e of 40, the total is almost one million. (Para. 5) Meaning beyond words: Americans grow up seeing countless advertisements, and this continues throughout their life time. 17 Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions, from the breakfast cereal we eat to which c
49、ruise line we will use for our vacation. (Para. 5) Meaning beyond words: Advertisements are everywhere and have invaded peoples everyday lives. 18 There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy! (Para. 5) Meaning: There are plenty of ideas of what to buy and how to spend money. 19 Now, of course, we dont remember exactly what the products were, but the essential message is cemented into our consciousness, “Its good to satisfy your desires. You should have what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it now!” (Par
