1、ENTER,A COURSE OF TRANSLATION,Vivila Zhang,1.What is translation?,1.1 Translation is a skill.,例 He drank himself out of the best lines.例 The room was easily traced by the noise that was coming from it.,Definition of translation 语言学派的定义：强调翻译是一种语言活动，追求的是等值、等效。 Translation is the faithful representatio
2、n in one language of what is written or spoken in another language. (把一种语言表达出来的东西用另一种语言准确而完整的表达出来。) （范存忠：“漫谈翻译”翻译理论与技巧中国对外翻译出版公司，1985，p.80）,1.2 Translation is an art.,Shall we encounter each other in this season of romance?,文艺学派的定义：强调翻译是艺术活动，追求的是再创造,翻译是美化之艺术。（许渊冲，2001：4659）文学翻译不是一种语言活动，更是一种文学活动。（爱德蒙
3、.加里 Edmond Gray,1986,p.6）,1.3 德国译学教授 Wolfram Wilss 在The Science of Translation：Problems & Methods一书中说：Translation is not simply a matter of seeking other words with similar meaning, but of finding appropriate ways of saying things in another language. Translating is always meaning-based, i.e. it is
4、the transfer of meaning instead of form from the source language to the target language.（翻译不只是在另一种语言中寻找意义相似的其他词语，而是寻找表达事物的适当方式。翻译始终立足于语义，也就是说，是语义从源语到译语的转换，而不是形式。）,2. Classification of translation,In terms of what to be translatedintralingua translation (语内翻译)interlingual translation (语际翻译)intersemio
5、tic translation( 符际翻译),3.翻译原则简介,中国几位翻译家的理论（influential translation principles）,严复：信达雅faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance. The “three character guide” is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating. 傅雷：神似spiritual conformity。Emphasizing the reproduction
6、 of the spirit of the flavor of the original. 强调原作神韵再现。 钱钟书：化境sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translators smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader. 刘重德：信、达、切faithfulness / expressiveness / closeness.,中国翻译史上的论争,鲁迅：宁信而不顺-rather to be faithful than smooth。 目的：引入英文句式的表达法
7、梁实秋、赵景深：宁顺而不信-rather to be smooth than faithful 目的：可读性强，便于交流。,4. Criteria for translation learners:.,faithfulness (忠实) ,smoothness（通顺）： faithful to the content, smooth in language,How to learn translation?,Practice! Practice! Practice!,课堂练习1.Its more a poem than a picture. 2.He pretends to be as mod
8、est as anything. 3.Fire goes wherever it can, but it prefers to follow a draft.4.Taking care to pitch my voice to politeness, I asked about the next bus to Hattiesburg. 5.If you feel depressed at a social gathering, keep it a secret. 6.The bacteria pneumonia may complicate influenza at both extremes of age.,课堂练习参考译文：1.与其说那是一幅画，不如说那是一首诗。2.他装得极为谦虚。3.火是无孔不入的，可是它更爱窜入通风的地方。4.我陪着小心，用温和的口吻询问开往哈蒂斯堡下一班车的情况。5.在社交场合，你就是感到情绪压抑，也不要表露出来。6.患有流感的幼儿和老人可能并发细菌性肺炎。,5. What is good translation?,
