1、Grammar,Gerund 动名词,A SONG,LOVE -By John Lennon Love is real; real is love. Love is _; _ love. Love is _ to be loved. Love is touch; touch is love. Love is _; _ love. Love is _ to be loved. Love is you, you and me. Love is _ we can be. Love is free; free is love. Love is _; _ love. Love is _ to be lo
2、ved.,feeling,feeling,wanting,reaching,reaching,asking,knowing,leaving,leaving,needing,-ing forms as subject and object,V-ing形式的构成方式：,1.在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾 ing。 eg. go going; do doing; ask asking; read - reading study studying; carry carrying; fly flying; worry worrying; 2.在以不发音的e 结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加- ing。
3、eg. come coming live living dance dancing make making 3.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写（x除外），然后再加 ing. sit sitting; run running; begin beginning; forget forgetting 4.在少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词后：须将ie 变作y，再加- ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明) eg. die dying; tie tying lie lying,一、ing 作主语或宾语,1作主语直接置于句首 1) 捉弄别人是我
4、们万万不能干的. Playing tricks on others is something we should never do 2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 Learning new words is very important for me 3)说比做容易。 Talking is easier than doing.,1. is his hobby.(唱歌),Singing,一、ing 作主语,2. is the best way to lose weight.(做运动),Doing exercise,3. is a waste of time.(玩电脑游戏),Playing co
5、mputer games,4. is dangerous. (开车开得太快),Driving too fast,Common?,Singing is my hobby. Doing exercise is a good way to lose weight. Playing computer games is a waste of time. Driving too fast is dangerous.,1. 作主语。 2. 谓语动词用 。,动词-ing,单数,动词-ing形式作主语 动词-ing形式作主语表示经常的、习惯性的动作, 谓语动词用_： 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。(talk)空谈无济于
6、事。(talk),is talking to a wall.,Talking,mends no holes.,Talking to him,单数,it is/was + no use/good+ doing sth做是没用处的,It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的,It is worth/worthwhile (这部是电影值得看的),seeing the movie,It is worth/worthwhile seeing the movie. (这部是电影不值得看的),hardly/not,It +is/was +a waste of time do
7、ing 做是浪费时间的,It is a waste of time . (玩电脑游戏),playing computer games,There is no doing.无法,what will happenbetween them. (无法知道),There is no knowing,归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use/fun doing 做是没用处的 It is/was useless/useful doing 做是无用的、有用的 It is/was worth/
8、worthwhile doing 做是值得的,用形式主语it，把真正的主语ing形式移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 It is useless arguing with Shylock 努力是值得的。 Its worth making the effort 和他一起工作很不愉快。 It is no pleasure working with him,在there be no doing结构中 这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do ”。 1)这种事开不得玩笑。There is no jokin
9、g about such matter.,2)无法知道他什么时候离开。There is no knowing when he will leave.,归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/no use/useless/of little use doing 做是没益/用处的 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做.是值得的 There is/was no point/sense doing 干无意义,V-ing /to do做主语,_(play)wit
10、h fire is dangerous.Be careful! _(play)with fire will be dangerous.,Playing,To play,_(swim)is good for our health. _(swim)in this river is not allowed.,Swimming,To swim,表示一般或抽象的多次行为,具体的或一次性的动作,典型题列,1._ clean is a safeguard against disease. A.To be keeping B.Kept C.Keep D.Keeping 2-Whats made Ruth so
11、 upset? -_ three tickets to the folk music concert. A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since she lost,D,B,looking for,I cant avoid_,Have you considered _ one special friend?,1)我不能不去。,2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友?,(一).（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid， consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest， dislike，delay，escape，cannot
12、 help，imagine， mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。如：,(一) 有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；(二) 有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）(三) 有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）,going,动名词作宾语,有三种情况。,动名词做宾语口诀,避免 错过 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay / postpone 建议 完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise finish practise 喜欢 想象 禁不住 enjoy / appreciate imagine resist / cant h
13、elp 承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit deny envy 逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape risk pardon / excuse 忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep/keep on mind,只接doing 作宾语的动词短语 insist on; object to; lead to; feel like; look forward to; devote oneself to; be worth; set about; get down to ; pay attention to; get used/accustomed to; apply oneself to;
14、 succeed in; be addicted to ; have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time (in) doing sth have fun/a good time (in) doing sth,坚持要求/认为做某事 反对做某事 导致 喜欢；想要期望，盼望献身于，致力于值得做开始着手做某事注意习惯做某事专心致志做某事成功做成某事对上瘾在做某事方面有困难；在做某事方面很开心,forget doing sth. forget to do sth.remember doing sth. remember to do sth.regret doi
15、ng sth. regret to say/tell sb/inform sb,忘记做过某事忘记要去做某事记得做了某事记得要去做某事后悔做了某事遗憾地说/告诉某人/通知某人,动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help forget, regret, remember 后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。,有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）,I forgot _to her.(我忘了曾经给她写过信） I forgot _her about it
16、.我忘了要告诉。） I remember_ you somewhere in biejing.（see） Remember _me tonight.(call) He regretted_ in the exam.(cheat) I regret _that we cant stay here any longer(say),writing,to tell,seeing,to call,cheating,to say,1.He stopped _and have a rest.(smoke) 2.He really must stop_ 3. I once tried _French(lear
17、n) 4.Lets try _at the back door.(knock) 5.I didnt to mean _your feeling.(hurt) 6. This word means _out at once.(set) 7.I cant help _the room.for I am too busy(clean) 8.After hearing the joke, we cant help _(laugh) 9.Water is uesed to _flowers(water) 10.I am used to _early(get) 11.Though it rained,th
18、ey went on_.(work) 12.We have finished Part 1.Lets go on _P 2(Learn),to smoke,smoking,to learn,knocking,to hurt,setting,clean,laughing,water,Getting up,working,to learn,有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）,1.一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词like,love,hate,prefer ,intend ,begin, start continue等，用不定式做宾语和v+ing形式做宾语，意义相差不大,1.I sta
19、rted _(work)here two years ago. 2.I intended _a poem in English.(write) 3.They prefer _(spend) their summer vacation in the country.,2. need/want/require/deserve doing sth. =need/want/require/deserve to be done.,4.We need _ friends(make) 5.My hair needs_ (cut) 6. My hair needs_.,to make,cutting.,to
20、be cut,既接动名词做宾语，又接不定式复合结构作宾语的advise /allow/forbid/permit doing sb. to do,我建议提早出发以免堵车。I advise setting out /off in advance/ahead of time in order to avoid being caught in the traffic . 我建议你尽快做出决定。I advise you to make a decision as soon as possible. 禁止你们在学校使用手机。You are forbidden to use cellphones in t
21、he school.,二：动名词复合结构：（表示动名词的动作是谁发出的）one/ones doing,1 is what we have expected.（Tom的到来）2.She didnt mind_（Jack来这） 3.Whats troubling them is _ _.(他们的食物不足),Toms（His） coming,Jack/ Jacks (him/ his) coming here.,动名词复合结构：在句子中作主语，宾语和表语。 作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；即ones doing 作宾语时，既可用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。,
22、their not having enough food,2.如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的事物或以-s结尾的名词，只用普通格。 The babe was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.Have you ever heard of women practising boxing.What made me angry was so many students failing in the exam 3.there be 的动名词复合结构为there being.Whats the chance of there being a storm to
23、morrow?,B) 关于逻辑主语的问题1. _to the meeting surprised all of theboards.A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike coming D. Mikes coming2. Its no use _ that you didnt know therules.A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend,D,D,三、动名词的形式,其否定式是在doing 前面加not,doing,being done,having done,ha
24、ving been done,动名词一般式不强调其与谓语动词的先后关系。 He enjoyed listening to music very much . He hates being laughed at . He was afraid of being left at home. His coming will be of great help to us. 动名词完成式，表示动作明显发生在谓语之前。 Im sorry for not having kept my promise. He didnt mention having met him . I dont remember hav
25、ing ever been given a chance to do it.,,Exercises:,1. I think that the Great Wall is worth _ hundreds of miles to visit. (o9年6月)A. to travel B. traveling C. traveled D. travel 2. It is my great honor _to give a speech at the opening ceremony. (o7年6月)A. to invite B. inviting C. having invited D. to b
26、e invited,,Exercises:,3. It cost her a lot of money, but she doesnt regret _ a year traveling around the. (o9年6月)A. to have spent B. to spend C. spent D. spending 4. Allan is looking forward to _his American partner at the trade fair. (o8年12月)A. meet B. meeting C. be meeting D. having met,,Exercises
27、:,5. I dont regret _ her what I thought about her proposal, even if it upset her. (08年6月)A. tell B. to tell C. told D. telling 6. Allan is looking forward to _his American partner at the trade fair. (o8年12月)A. meet B. meeting C. be meeting D. having met,7. All the staff on our company are considerin
28、g _to the city centre for the fashion show. (2007年上海春)Ato go Bgoing Cto have gone Dhaving gone,8. Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! (2007年 安徽卷)A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking,9.Ann never dreams of _for her to besent abroad very soon. A.be
29、ing a chance B.there being a chance C.that she will have a chance D.there to be a chance10._the meeting himself gave thema great deal of encouragement. A.The president will attend B.The president to attend C.The president attended D.The presidents attending,B,D,,三、动名词的完成式、被动式 及复合结构,1.动名词的完成式：由“havin
30、g 过去分词”构成。表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。e.g.We congratulated him on having passed the examination.我们祝贺他通过了考试。 I regretted having left Montreal.我后悔离开了蒙特利尔。,,2.动名词的被动式：由“being 过去分词”构成.I appreciate being given this opportunity.我很感谢给了我这个机会。Im not used to being treated like this.我不习惯受这种款待。,,3.动名词的否定式：由“not 动名词词
31、”构成.e.g. I regret not being able to help you.我很抱歉没有能帮助你. The teacher was angry at Toms not coming to class on time.汤姆不按时到班上上课使老师很生气。,,4.动名词的复合结构：由物主代词或名词所有格动名词构成(有时也可以在动名词前加名词通格或代词宾格)。动名词复合结构在句中可以作主语,表语和宾语等。e.g. I cant understand his (him) going there so early.我不明白他为什么这么早就去那里。 Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来支援对我们是很大的帮助。,, Is there any hope of your class winning the red banner?你们班级有希望赢得红旗吗？ Whats troubling them is their not having enough reference books.使他们烦恼的是他们没有足够的参考书。,
