1、Narration,What Is Narration?,To narrate is to give an account of an event or an account of a series of events, such as ,such as a. real stories b. imaginary stories c. biographies d. news items e. narrative poems,Narration often goes hand in hand with description.,When one tells a story (narrates),
2、one describes its setting and characters.,There are five aspects which should be considered by the writer. 1. Context 2. Selection of details 3. Organization 4. Point of view 5. Purpose,I. Context Writers should, at the beginning (the first para.), provide the reader with a context or circumstances
3、including,1. What happened, 2. When it happened, 3. Where it happened, 4. Who took part in it (5. How it is),so as to help the reader understand the whole thing, when we narrate something in the past or a historical event.,In this case, the verbs in predicate must be in the past tense in general.,例文
4、 A traffic accident,首段：首段概括交代事件发生的时间、地点、人物等信息 A week ago, I witnessed a traffic accident in a rainy day on my way to school, which still sticks in my mind.,II. Selection of details Enough details should be provided, though not too many, otherwise the reader may get confused and lose interest.,Only r
5、elevant details, or things that contribute to bringing out the main ideas are useful and effective.,例文 A traffic accident,中心段：交待细节，注重在how; 交待细节时应注意的事项？ 过多不必要的细节会冲淡文章的主题。,中心段细节描写练习,请找出下文与主题无关的细节An accidentThis afternoon I went out in the country to see my grandparents. After I got out there I decided
6、 to take a short drive. I drove down to East Greenwich, which is about eight miles from Centreville. While coming home I was obliged to follow the railroad for a mile or two. When I had gone about half a mile I heard a terrible whistling ahead of me. On coming near to where the sound came from, I di
7、scovered that an express train had run into the rear end of a freight train. Fortunately no one was seriously hurt, although I heard on man say that he never got shaken up so badly in his life before. The engine of the express train was somewhat disabled, as the cow-catcher was broken and the head-l
8、ight and the smoke-stack were knocked off. No one seemed to know the cause of the accident.,例文 A traffic accident中心段赏析,It was about 7:00 on Friday morning, (Oct. 31st).（补充说明时间）I was walking through the pedestrian overpass near my school when I was shocked by the screech of a car. （事情的起因）I saw a man
9、knocked down by a black car. Soon many cars were jammed there. I got there and found that beside a black Benz lay a middle-aged man in a pool of blood. （交代一些细节）The street turned chaotic.（事情的大致经过）After a moment, the police and an ambulance arrived. The victim was instantly sent to the hospital.（事情的结果
10、）,注意空间的移动：I got there,例文 A traffic accident结尾段赏析,结尾段：可适当发表一点议论In my opinion, the pedestrian should have taken the overpass when crossing the street. Besides, the driver might have driven too fast, regardless of such bad weather. Anyway, I believe accidents may be avoided if we become aware of the im
11、portance of safety.（结尾）,III. Organization,A. In a chronological order (time sequence) B. From the middle of the story C. Flash backs-to start from the end of the story to catch the readers attention then go back to the beginning as some films usually do.,D. The story usually comes to a natural end w
12、ithout a superfluous (extra) concluding paragraph E. Sometimes it is necessary to add one or two paragraphs about the significance, or things happening afterwards.,IV. Point of View,A. First person-more graphic and life-like, but limited scope (difficult to recount events in different places at the
13、same time). B. Third person-more objective and free of the above limitation, but it is difficult to put the happenings in different places in good order.,V. Purpose,1. To approve a theory 2. To illustrate a concept 3. To praise a virtue 4. To condemn a vice,There should be the total effect and the f
14、inal impression left on the reader if it is a good narration.,记叙文常用句式首段：交代主题,It was the most exciting moment that I have ever experienced. All through my senior high school, I couldnt forget In the years that followed the event frequently floated in my mind/often recurred to my memory/kept haunting
15、me. Last week, when I was on my way home something terrible happened. I quickly turned around, just in time to see the whole process of the accident.,记叙文常用句式首段：交代主题,补充交代时间 The event took place/happened/occurred in the early morning. The whole story happened the (first) day I entered the senior high
16、school.,记叙文常用句式主体部分：,（一）作者心理活动的描写 I could hardly believe my eyes. I felt as if I were on top of the world. I was completely shocked. I was bursting with joy.,记叙文常用句式主体部分：,（二）人物外貌和性格的描写 He is of medium height. He is good-looking/ordinary-looking. She is plump/slim, with fair skin and curly hair. He l
17、ooks handsome in a sports suit/blue jeans. He is of mild/bad temper. At first glance, you would say he is the perfect image of an obedient boy, but deep down, he is not that way at all.,记叙文常用句式主体部分：,（三）物体的描写 It comes in a variety of colors/shapes. It consists of several integrated parts. It is shape
18、d like a circle. It is flat in shape and small in size. Attached to the bottom is,记叙文常用句式主体部分：,（四）景物的描写 There is a wonderful array of flowers along the street. The air is filled with the scent of roses. The trees stood there on guard for generations, with branches reaching out like a canopy over the
19、 road. I feel miserably insignificant approaching the mountain. Even judging by modern standards, the town was large in population. The campus has a unique atmosphere.,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Inju
20、red). You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese 1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况 2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的. 3. 人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是,The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured During the SARS period in this spring, the year of 2003, one of my classmates, Li Ming, was struck
21、down by the virus and was immediately sent to hospital.,The news spread quickly on campus. At first, we were terrified and wondered if we were infected too. However, through our governments publicity on mass media, we gradually conquered the fear and set out to try our best to help her. Some teacher
22、s provided daily necessities while some students recorded the English class contents for him so that Li Ming could not be left behind. With our care and concern, Li Ming recovered quickly.,Such an incident teaches us a good moral. Our society is full of love, warmness and peace, in which people from
23、 man to woman, from individual to individual lend others a hand. Just like a famous song goes, “the world will turn into heaven only if everyone contributes a little.“ and I do believe that its my great honor to live in this love-filled paradise!,Outline: I. Introduction (When, who, what, where) 1)
24、in this spring, the year of 20032) one of my classmates, Li Ming,3) was struck down by the virus and was immediately sent to hospital.4) hospital,II. Peoples reaction (First, then) First: fear Then: try best to help him Teacher: provided daily necessities Students: recorded the English class content
25、s for him,III. My thought towards that 1. full of love, warmness and peace2. my great honor to live in this love-filled paradise,The Day My Classmate Fell Ill We were having the English lesson when the teacher noticed Jack , who sat beside me, was sleepy. Then the teacher walked over to him and aske
26、d what was the matter.Jack said nothing. He looked rather pale. Some of classmates also came over and asked if Jack was ill. Jack told us he felt sick and dizzy. It looked as if he was running a fever.,Then the teacher let me accompany Jack to see a doctor. Patting his head concernedly, the teacher
27、said to Jack, “Take it easy. Youll be all right soon.”That day I thought a lot. Everyone needs care when he or she is ill or in trouble. Since we live in this civilized society together, we should care for each other when necessary. Thus our lives will become much happier and more harmonious.,范文一,La
28、st year, a terrible flu spread across the whole school. One of my classmate, John/Jane Doe, became a victim of it. He/She ran a high fever, and ordinary medicine didnt work on him.The news quickly reached everybody in our class. Some classmates recorded the English lessons for him so that he/she cou
29、ld keep up with his/her studies. Our English teacher called on him/her at the weekends sometimes. With care and help, he/she was soon able to be up and about and finally came back to the class.From this event, I learn two things. One is that with love, no illness or difficulty is terrible. The other
30、 is that love and help are two-way streets. Our classmates offered John/Jane Doe kind help partly because he/she himself/herself had always been a helpful person. So I realize that when we help others, we are helping ourselves.,范文二,In the summer sports meeting last year, one of my classmates, John/J
31、ane Doe, suddenly fell to the ground and hurt her left foot when he/she was practicing high jump. His/Her face turned pale and showed great pain.Seeing this, our classmates immediately came to her aid. They struggled to take her to the temporary emergency room. One boy untied his/her shoe and applie
32、d ice rocks to his/her wound. Meanwhile, girls comforted her in a soft voice. Soon the P.E. teacher came. He checked his/her sound and took some emergency measures to lessen her pain. Fifteen minutes later, the ambulance arrived and she was sent to hospital. Luckily enough, with our care and concern
33、, John/Jane Doe recovered quickly.Such an incident impressed everyone present. I realize that love and care are the best medicine for an injured person,Writing Practice A Memorable Experience 1. 120150 words 2. (when, where, whom, what) 3. Beginning/ middle/ ending 4. Selection of details 5. Tense & point of view,
