1、四六级作文指导,一. 四、六级作文试题分类 四、六级作文从试题角度可以分为现象解释型、对比选择型、问题解决型、观点论证型与应用文五种类型。 (一) 现象解释型 此类作文在四、六级考试作文中最为常见。命题主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论，其基本结构是：首先说明现状;其次阐述这种现状产生或存在的原因;最后做出分析，提出建议或总结观点。例如：1.现象解释四、六级真题(2003年6月) (二) 对比选择型 此类作文同样是四、六级考试中常见的类型，它的标志十分明显。作文题目要求较明确，富有针对性，即直接要求考试比较两种观点或做法，进而表明自己对问题或事务的态度或观点，也就是做出选择。例如：(
2、2000年6月，1999年6月),(三) 问题解决型 此类作文要求考生从提示性文字或图表、图画入手，解释提示性文字、图表、图画反映出的问题，提出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性;然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施;最后一段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法等。如2000年1月真题。 (四) 观点论证型 此类作文往往要求考生根据题目给出论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其下论证，然后表明自己的立场和看法。通过摆事实、讲道理的方式剖析事物，论述事理，发表意见，确立或否认某一主张。如：1999年1月四、六级真题。 (五) 应用文 应用文中的信函，也是四、六级作文设计的试题之一。在这类题型中，考生会
3、读到一个特定的场景，试题要求考生按照这个场景给相关人士写一封短信，并在信中明确表达自己写信的原因、动机、目的和愿望等。文章所设及的内容多种多样，但大部分都与日常生活比较贴近。书信的类型可能变化万千，如邀请信、申请信、感谢信、道歉信等，但是万变不离其宗，只要掌握了英语书信的格式，并应用恰当的句式和语句，就一定能够写出好的文章来。,二. 解决方案,1. 建议考生分解作文观点，扩充内容。 2. 建议考生在写作时只选择自己能够驾奴的句式和词语。 3. 建议考生在文章中长短句搭配使用，用短句表达观点，长句推理分析。 4. 建议考生选用作文模板，限定文章逻辑结构。 5. 建议考生采用固定的句式，限定文章的
4、字数。,第二节：写作技巧及作文结构安排,一. 写作技巧。 1. 根据文章大意判断作文题型。 2. 各种题型的写作方法。 现象解释型：基本方法为：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进(限制)这种现象的进一步发展。 对比选择型：基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由;阐述第二种(相对或相反的)观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由;表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。 问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。 观点论证型：基本方法为：分析主题得出结论举例论证得出结论(证明观点的正确性)。 应用文基本方法为：分析所给情景选择写作方法。,3. 三段式作文
5、的结构安排,题型 第一段 第二段 第三段 现象解释型：描述现象- 说明现象产生的原因 - 表明个人态度或阐述个人做法 对比选择型： 表明一方或双方由的观点及理由- 表明另一方的观点及理由-指出双方观点不足之处及理由 表明个人态度或阐述个人做法 问题解决型： 提出问题 分析问题-给出解决方案- 表明个人态度或阐述个人做法 观点论证型： 提出论点- 例证论点- 得出结论或表明个人看法或做法 应用文： 描述事实- 阐述原因- 表明观点或提出建议,第三节 作文模板 1Argumentation型题 1） some, others, I 型 （1）模板一 There is no consensus am
6、ong the people as to the view of _ (主题). Some people hold the idea that _ (观点A). A case in point is that _ (支持观点A的例子). On the other hand, others may have a quite different view. According to them, _ (观点B). The most typical example is that _ (支持观点B的例子). Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments,
7、I am inclined to agree with the latter. Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extent, but the latter is more convincing.,1） some, others, I 型,（2）模板二 _ (主题) is a common occurrence in our lives. The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person. Some people t
8、end to _ when they are asked _ (观点A) because _ (支持观点A的原因). The most typical example is that _ (支持观点A的例子). However, others argue that _ (观点B). They point out that _ (重申观点B) for the reason that _ (支持观点B的原因). As far as I am concerned, I will choose to _ (你的观点) because this choice fits my personality an
9、d my life-long belief.,2） My View 型,（1）模板一 When asked about _ (主题), some people hold the idea that _ (观点A). As far as they are concerned, _ (展开观点A). But I could not agree with them in several points. In my opinion, _ (观点B). The reasons for my choice are listed as follows. In the first place, _ (支持观点
10、B的理由1). In the second place, _ (支持观点B的理由2). In the third place, _ (支持观点B的理由3). For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe _ (重申观点B).,2） My View 型,（2）模板二 Some people believe that _ (观点A). For instance, they hold the idea that _ (支持观点A的例子). And it may bring them _ (A带给他们的好处). In my opinion, I n
11、ever think this reason can be the point. For one thing, _ (我不同意的理由1). For another, _ (我不同意的理由2). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, I agree to the thought that _ (重申自己的观点).,3）利弊型,（1）模板一 Nowadays many people prefer _ (主题) because it plays a significant rol
12、e in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. On the one hand, _ (主题的优点1). On the other hand, _ (主题的优点2). But everything can be divided into two. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that _ (主题的缺点1). To make matters worse, _ (主题的缺点2).
13、 Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, _ (主题) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.,3）利弊型,（2）模板二 With the development of sc
14、ience and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful. The phenomenon of _ (主题现象) is an example of the former / latter one. There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the
15、most conspicuous aspects. To start with, _ (原因1). Furthermore, _ (原因2). Eventually, _ (原因3). Good as _ (主题现象) is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages. The apparent example is that _ (缺点例子1). In addition, _ (缺点例子2). On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern
16、 society. There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate _ (主题现象) and make our life more comfortable.,2Exposition型题 1）Hot Issue型,（1）模板一 With the development of modern industry, more and more people are concerned about the problem that _ (主题问题). Accordingly, _ (伴随主题问题出现的新问题) is becoming more
17、 and more serious.Confronted with _ (主题问题), we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, _ (解决方法1). For another, _ (解决方法2). Finally, _ (解决方法3). As far as I am concerned, the best way out is _ (解决方法3). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awai
18、ting us because _ (解决方法3的优点和好处).,1）Hot Issue型,（2）模板二 With the development of the society, with the advent of _ (相关事物或现象), we have to face a problem that _ (主题问题). What are the reasons for it? In the following paragraphs, Ill venture to explore the reasons. To start with, _ (阐述原因1). Moreover, _ (阐述原因
19、2). In addition, _ (阐述原因3). In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken. For one thing, it is high time that people all over China realized the importance of _ (解决主题问题). For another, the government should issue strict laws and regulations in order to put the situati
20、on under control.,2）图表型,（1）模板一（适用于单一图表题型） As is seen from the table / graph / chart, _ (图表所描述的事物A) ascent significantly from _ (数字1) in _ (年份1) _ (数字2) in _ (年份2) while over the same period, _ (图表所描述的事物B) shrank slightly from _ (数字3) to _ (数字4). It can be observed easily that _ (分析图表所反映的问题). There a
21、re many reasons responsible for this. In the following paragraphs, Ill venture to explore the reasons. For one thing, _ (原因1). For another, _ (原因2). In addition, _ (原因3). However, this table / graph / chart may not predict the entire situation in the future, I believe _ (前瞻性预测和展望).,2）图表型,（2）模板二（适用于多
22、图表题型） The figure of the first graph shows that _ (简述图表1概况) while the figure of the second graph shows that _ (简述图表2概况). The relationship between these two figures warns us that _ (指出两表所反映的问题). However, there are many effective methods to _ (解决这一问题). For instance, _ (解决方法1). At the same time, _ (解决方法
23、2).In a word, _ (总结). As far as I am concerned, the more we understand the situation, the better we can do to improve it in the future. Given all these points above, I hold the opinion that _ (重申自己的观点).,3）图画型模板,As is seen from the drawing, _ (概述图画揭示的问题). Unfortunately, _ (图画反映的主题) is not the only sp
24、ecies / thing that suffers the fate. In the following paragraphs, Ill venture to explore the reasons. In the first place, _ (原因1). In the second place, _ (原因2). Finally, _ (原因3), In short, _ (总结). Above all, we now know about the problem and we should try to find some ways to solve it.,3格言谚语型题,1）模板一
25、 _ (所给格言或谚语). This is a proverb full of logic. By this proverb, it is meant that _ (解释该格言或谚语的内涵). In other words, _ (换言之的解释). Indeed, we can learn many things from it. Examples can easily be found to make this point clearer. _ (例子1) is a case in point. Another case is that _ (例子2). Whatever you do,
26、please remember the saying “_ (该格言或谚语)”. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, youll necessarily benefit a lot from it.,3格言谚语型题,2）模板二 The good old proverb, _ (所给格言或谚语) reminds us that _ (诠释该格言或谚语). On the one hand, _ (详述1). On the other hand, _ (详述2). Take _ (某相关事例) for example. _
27、 (展开论述). However, it is easier said than done. Practice is the most important factor. Only when you pay attention to it can you hold it sooner or later.,4书信型题 1）工作申请型模板,Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing this letter to show my keen interest in the position / post you advertise in _ (某报纸或杂志) because my
28、major and experience closely parallel your requirements. As the resume indicates, _ (介绍自我的能力和成就). Would you please arrange an interview at your earliest convenience? You can reach me at _ (你的联系电话或邮址等). I am looking forward to the interview. Thank you for your consideration. Yours Sincerely, _ (签名),4
29、书信型题 2）反映问题型,（1）模板一 Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing this letter to submit my opinion and proposal of _ (所要反映的问题) because I find it quite a necessity for a attentive and conscientious student / worker / citizen to do so. For one thing, _ (问题表现1). _ (具体阐述1). For another, _ (问题表现2). _ (具体阐述2). Finally,
30、 _ (问题表现3). _ (具体阐述3). If we remain blind to the problem, there is every chance that _ (问题所危及对象) will be put in danger. Therefore, I sincerely hope that effective measures will be taken immediately. Thank you for your consideration. Yours Sincerely, _ (签名),2）反映问题型,（2）模板二 Dear Sir or Madam, I am writ
31、ing this letter to submit my opinion and proposal of _ (所要反映的问题) because I find it quite a necessity for a attentive and conscientious student / worker / citizen to do so. There are many factors which give rise to the problem. Ill venture to explore some of the most conspicuous factors. Firstly, _ (
32、起因1). Secondly, _ (起因2). Finally, _ (起因3). While the problem can not be solved immediately, still there are ways out. The most efficient one is _ (解决方法1). Another is _ (解决方法2). Still another is _ (解决方法3). If we remain blind to the problem, there is every chance that _ (问题所危及对象) will be put in danger
33、. Therefore, I sincerely wish that you could attach adequate importance to what Ive proposed above and take proper actions accordingly. Thank you for your consideration. Yours Sincerely, _ (签名),一、开篇,1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of . 2) Recently the problem has been brought into f
34、ocus. 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among .5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over .,6）. Recently the issue of has been brought to public attention. 7） Nowadays there is a growing concern over . 8）. Currently there is a wide
35、spread concern that 9）. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that 10）. There is a general discussion today about the issue of 11) Never in our history has the idea that . been so popular.,12. These days we are often told that., but is this really the case? 13. One great man said that 1
36、4. In the past several years there has been 15. Now it is commonly held that but I doubt whether 16. Faced with, quite a few people argue that, but other people conceive differently.,中间,1. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is2. The chief reason is that3. We must recognize t
37、hat4. There is on doubt that5. I am of the opinion that6. This can be expressed as follows; 7. To take for an example8. We have reason to believe that,9. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned 10. The change in largely results from the fact that 11. There are several causes
38、 for this significant growth in,first ,second ,finally 12. The reasons forare complicated, And probably they are found in the fact 13. A number of factors could account for the development in 14. Perhaps the primary reason is 15. It is chiefly responsible of 16. Here are several possible reasons, ex
39、cerpt that,结尾,1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that . 2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop . 3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to . 4) In conclusion, it is imperative that . 5) There is no easy method, but .might be of some help. 6)
40、To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must . 7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.,8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. 9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take acti
41、ons to . 10) Taking all these into account, we . 11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear. 12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of , but might be helpful 13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. 14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on 15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that,
