1、Introduction to fat basics油脂简介 21 April 2015 Orion Beijing, China AAK ACADEMYTM Definition of oils and fats 油与脂的定义 Oil liquid 油液体 Fat solid 脂肪固体 AAK ACADEMYTM Composition of oils and fats 油与脂的组成 + Glycerol甘油 Free fatty acids脂肪酸 Triglycerides三酰甘油 AAK ACADEMYTM What is a fatty acid? 什么是脂肪酸？ A long
2、chain of Carbon atoms一条长碳链 Followed by an acid group接着一个羧酸基团 Fatty Acid脂肪酸 AAK ACADEMYTM Types of Fatty Acids脂肪酸类型 Mono un-saturated Fatty Acid 单不饱和脂肪酸 C18:1 C18:0 Saturated Fatty Acid 饱和脂肪酸 Poly un-saturated Fatty Acid 多不饱和脂肪酸 C18:2 Trans Fatty Acid 反式脂肪酸 C18:1 trans = AAK ACADEMYTM Types of Fatt
3、y Acids脂肪酸类型 Mono un-saturated Fatty Acid trans 单不饱和脂肪酸反式 C18:1 trans = C18:1 cis Mono un-saturated Fatty Acid cis 单不饱和脂肪酸顺式 AAK ACADEMYTM Fatty Acids in Vegetable Fats 植物油中的脂肪酸 Common name俗名 Carbon atoms碳原子 Double bonds双键 Source来源 Butyric acid丁酸 4 0 Butter Caproic acid己酸 6 0 Butter Caprylic acid辛酸
4、 8 0 Coconut Capric acid癸酸 10 0 Coconut Lauric acid月桂酸 12 0 Coconut, Palm Kernel Myristic acid豆蔻酸 14 0 Palm Kernel Palmitic acid棕榈酸 16 0 Palm Stearic acid硬脂酸 18 0 Exotics (Shea, Illipe) Oleic acid油酸 18 1 Liquids (Soya, Rape) Linoleic acid亚油酸 18 2 Liquids (Soya, Rape) Linolenic acid亚麻酸 18 3 Liquids (
5、Soya, Rape) Arachidic Acid 花生酸 20 0 Exotics, Peanut Behenic acid山嵛酸 22 0 Rape Erucic acid芥酸 22 1 Rape AAK ACADEMYTM Melting points of fatty acids 脂肪酸熔点 -1001020304050607080904 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24Num be r of Car bonsMelting point, C熔点C18:0 C18:1 cis顺式 C18:2 C18:3 C18:1 trans反式 AAK ACADEMYTM
6、 Typical Fatty Acid Composition of different fats 不同油脂的典型脂肪酸组成 Fatty Acid脂肪酸 Coconut Oil 椰子油 (lauric月桂型 ) Palm kernel Oil 棕榈仁油 (lauric月桂型 ) Palm Oil棕榈油 (non-lauric非月桂型 ) C 8:0 8 4 C 10:0 6 4 C 12:0 47 50 C 14:0 18 15 1 C 16:0 9 8 45 C 18:0 3 2 5 Other Sat.其它饱和酸 1 Total Sat. 总饱和酸 91 82 52 C 18:1 7 16
7、 39 Total mono- unsat. 总单不饱和酸 7 16 39 C 18:2 2 2 9 Total poly unsat. 总多不饱和酸 2 2 9 Modification of fats and oils油脂的改性 AAK ACADEMYTM Processing of oils 油脂生产工艺 Raw materials 原料 Pressing压榨 Extraction提取 Pellets油粕 Feeds饲料 Crude Oil粗油 Refining精制 Deodorisation脱臭 Modification 改性 End Product成品 Packaging包装 De
8、vivery运送 Fractionation分提 Hydrogenation氢化 Interesterification酯交换 AAK ACADEMYTM Objective fractionation 目的 -分提 To modify the melting properties of oils and fats 为了改变油脂的熔化特性 By splitting the oil in a solid and a liquid phase 将油分成固体与液体 Followed by a mechanical separation of the two phases接着将两相用机械分离 How
9、 can this be done?如何能做到？ AAK ACADEMYTM Principles in fractionation 分提原理 Low mp. 低温 High mp. 高温 Olein软脂 Stearin硬脂 Olein软脂 Soft PMF (Stearin)棕榈油中级分提产物软脂 Hard PMF棕榈油中级分提硬脂 Olein软脂 PMF AAK ACADEMYTM Objective interesterification 目的 -酯交换 To modify the melting properties of oils and fats 改变油脂的熔化特性 By ch
10、anging the position of fatty acids in the triglyceride molecule 改变三酰甘油分子中脂肪酸位置 How can this be done?如何能做到？ AAK ACADEMYTM Interesterification Changes melting behaviour and crystallisation 酯交换 -改变熔化与结晶行为 010203040506070809010010 15 20 25 30 35 40Solid fat content, %Temperature, C Blended混合 Interester
11、ified酯交换 AAK ACADEMYTM Objective hydrogenation 目的 -氢化 To modify the melting properties of oils and fats 为了改变油脂的熔化属性 By a chemical reaction between hydrogen and the double bonds in the fatty acids 通过氢气与油脂中双键反应得到 Increasing melting point 提高熔点 How can this be done?如何能做到？ AAK ACADEMYTM Melting points
12、of fatty acids 脂肪酸的熔点 -1001020304050607080904 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24Number of Carbons碳原子数 Melting point, C熔点C18:0 C18:1 cis顺式 C18:2 C18:3 C18:1 trans反式 Fats for Compounds 代可可 脂 AAK ACADEMYTM Cocoa Butter Alternatives 代可可脂 Cocoa Butter Alternatives CBAs Cocoa Butter Equivalents Cocoa Butter Imp
13、rovers CBEs/CBIs Cocoa Butter Replacers CBRs Cocoa Butter Substitutes CBSs Fractionated Non-lauric Non-trans Hydrogenated/ Unhydrogenated 氢化 /非氢化 Lauric 月桂酸型 Non-trans 无反式酸 Hydrogenated/ unhydrogenated Non-lauric High trans/low trans/non-trans CEBES/SILKO AKOPOL ILLEXAO CEBESTM Cocoa Butter Substitu
14、tes代可可脂 AAK ACADEMYTM Common for CEBES CEBES are natural fats, all vegetable origin -天然植物来源 CEBES contains mostly saturated acids, such as lauric acid, myristic acid and oleic/stearic acid主要成分是饱和脂肪酸。比如月桂酸，肉豆蔻酸，油酸 /硬脂酸。 CEBES are not compatible with Cocoa Butter -和可可脂不兼容。 CEBES are non-temper fats不需
15、要调温。 AAK ACADEMYTM Fatty acid profile 脂肪酸组成 SFA（饱和脂肪酸） MUFA（单不饱和脂肪酸） PUFA（多不饱和脂肪酸） TFA（反式酸） CEBES MC 80/85 100 1 1 1 CEBES MC 60 100 1 1 1 CEBES NH 85 90 9 1 1 AAK ACADEMYTM 01020304050607080901000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% CBS 20C25C30C35CSFC of mixture of CBS and Cocoa Butter -CBS和可可脂混合的 S
16、FC曲线 SolidFatContent (IUPAC 2.150a) AAK ACADEMYTM The AAK range of CEBES/SILKO -AAK的产品系列 CEBES MC Moulding/Coating 板块 /涂层 CEBES NH Non Hydrogenated 非氢化 CEBES LS Low Saturated 低饱和度 AAK ACADEMYTM CEBES MC The compound recommended for Moulding and hard Coatings 主要适用于板块巧克力和硬的巧克力涂层。 Efficient productio
17、n -生产效率提升 - Non-tempering 无需调温 - Fast setting 产品固化速度快 - Good contraction 良好的收缩性 - For all applications 适用性广 Excellent end results -出色的终端产品 Non trans 无反式酸 - Bloom stable 抗霜稳定性 - Provides snap and hardness 很好的脆性和硬度 - Various solid fat profiles 不同的固值曲线 - Good meltdown 很好的口融性 CEBES MC 95 CEBES MC 85 CEB
18、ES MC 80 CEBES MC 60 AAK ACADEMYTM The AAK range of CEBES MC 010203040506070809010020 25 30 35% SFC IUPAC 2.250(b)Temperature. C CEBES MC 95 CEBES MC 85 CEBES MC 80 CEBES MC 60 Cocoa butterAAK ACADEMYTM CEBES NH The compound fat with a Friendly labelling 代可可脂巧克力，标签友好。 Efficient production -生产效率提升
19、- Non-tempering 无需调温 - Fast setting 快速固化 - Good contraction 良好的收缩性 - For all applications 适用性广 Excellent end results -出色的终端产品 - Non trans 无反式酸 - Non hydrogenated 非氢化 - Bloom stable 抗霜稳定性 - Provides snap and hardness 很好的脆性和硬度 - Good meltdown 良好的口融性 CEBES NH 85 AAK ACADEMYTM The AAK range of CEBES NH
20、 010203040506070809010020 25 30 35% SFC IUPAC 2.250(b)Temperature. C CEBES NH 85 Cocoa butterAAK ACADEMYTM 参考配方： 板块巧克力 (氢化 /非氢化 ) AAK ACADEMYTM Sample Suitable cooling setting (C) Crystallization rate Glossiness Application CEBES MC 6 6 15 ttttt Molding & coating CEBES NH 6 6 - 15 tttt Molding & coating CEBES LS 12 12 - 15 tttt Coating SILKO CO 6 6 15 ttttt Molding & coating SILKO NH 12 12 15 tttt Coating Production parameters on CBS
