1、必修三,第一单元,If的虚拟语气,if引导的从句如果是真实的情况，可以用陈述语气，主从句时态多用-主将从现 eg: If he comes tomorrow,I will call you . if 引导的从句如果是非真实的情况，或是几乎不能实现的，要用虚拟语气。,虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法,与现在事实相反： （从句谓语动词）动词的过去式 (be 用were而不用was) （主句谓语动词） should/ would /could/ might+动词原形,与过去事实相反： （从句谓语动词） had + 过去分词 （主句谓语动词） should/ would/could/might +
2、have+过去分词,与将来事实相反： （从句谓语动词） 1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 （主句谓语动词） should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形,if虚拟的倒装,if虚拟语气时，可以把if省略，把were，had，should提前到主语前构成倒装 eg：If I were at school again，I would study harder.=were I at school again，I would study harder. eg：If I had met you earlier，the accident coul
3、dnt have happened. = had I met you earlier，the accident couldnt have happened. eg：if it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.=should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.,（二）as if=as though：好像，似乎,1.as if从句有陈述语气和虚拟语气两种。 2.as if的虚拟分三种情况：a:对现在的情况用过去时，系动词用were。b:对过去的情况用过去完成时。c:对将来的情况用过去将来时
4、 eg：He looks as if he were a happy bird.(他看起来好像一只欢乐的小鸟)He looks as if he had been hit by lighting.（他看起来好像被雷击了似的）He looks as if he would been hit by lighting.(他看起来好像要被雷击似的),：as if 还可用于省略句中,如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。eg：He acts as if （he were） a fool 他做事像个傻子
5、。 eg：Tom raised his hands as if （he was going） to say something 汤姆举起手好像要说什么 eg：She left the room hurriedly as if （she was）angry她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子 。,as if 从句用陈述语气的情况,当说话者认为句子陈述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。 It sounds as if it is raining听起来像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。,would rather：宁愿，宁肯,1.would r
6、ather：do sth ( not do sth)do sth than do sth 2.would rather 后面接句子时，句子要虚拟，而且虚拟就两种形式。a:对现在和将来用过去时-I would rather you went right now. b：对过去用过去完成时-I would rather you had been there yesterday.,现在分词作状语,1.分词所指的动作与主句谓语动词同时进行。 2.现在分词的逻辑主语是主句主语 3.现在分词和主句的主语是主动关系。 4.现在分词可以做原因，时间，伴随，结果状语。 eg：Finishing the work，
7、they went to dinner。（时间状语） eg：Shouting loudly，he went out.(伴随状语) eg: Being a student ,I must study hard.（原因状语） eg: He kept complaining about the poor living condition,making his wife angry.（结果状语）,one,ones,that,those,one用来指代前面“同名异物”的单数可数名词。eg：does you have a car？yes,I have one.I have good one.ones用来指代前面“同名异物”的可数名词复数。eg：stone bridge last longer than wooden ones.that用来指代前面“同名异物”的单数可数名词和不可数名词。eg：The book I bought cost less than that you bought .eg：The weather here is hotter than that there. those用来指代前面“同名异物”的可数名词复数eg：The bikes made in China are as good as those made in Japan,
