1、Welcome,名词性从句,NOUN CLAUSES,为什么叫名词性从句？ _,整个从句相当于一个名词,比较:,The man looked around. That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.,同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,I know him. I know that he is writing his composition in his room,2. 为什么要有名词性从句？,那人看了看四周. (名词作主语),那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语),我知道他在房间里写作文.,从句
2、的特征:,是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 除外),名词能做的成分,名词性从句都能做,从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做- 表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1. That he will come is certain.,2. I know that he will come.,3. The truth is that I have been there.,4. The fact that she was late surprised us.,在复
3、合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。,引导名词性从句的关联词,在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。,The problem is what he has done to the little boy.,问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。,判断从句两步分析法：,1. 确定从句。,2. 看从句在句中充当什么成分就叫什么从句。,1.What he said is not true.,2. It is important that we should learn English.,3. That he succeeded in the competition made us h
4、appy.,主语从句（Subject Clause),形式主语,真正的主语,主语从句中that不能省略。,2. The fact is that he told a lie to me.,1. This is what I want to do.,3. The reason why he was late is that the traffic was busy.,表语从句（Predicative Clause),表语从句that中不能省略。,同位语从句（Appositive Clause),1.The thought that we might succeed excited us. 2.T
5、he idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.,the thought = we might succeed,the idea = they should try a second time,Mr. Li , our English teacher, is a nice man.,同位语,同位语从句跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明，表示该名词的内容。同位语从句中that不能省略。 常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, i
6、nformation, opinion等等。,1. 主语从句,在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。,主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how,when,where, why等词引导。,that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。,What he wants to tell us is not clear.,他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。,Who will win the match is still unknown.,Wher
7、e the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.,That he stole a bike was true.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,Where and when he was born has not been found.,注意: 上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首, 但有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如: It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了这样一个错误, 真是遗憾。
8、,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:,1) It is + adj. / n. +从句,2) It +不及物动词+从句,It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是,It is possible that. 很可能,It is unlikely that. 不可能,It seems/appears that. 似乎,It happened that. 碰巧,3) It + be +过去分词+从句,It is said that. 据说,It is known to all that. 众所周知,It is reported that. 据报道,It is believed that.
9、,据信;人们相信,It is suggested that. 有人建议,如: It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.据信, 至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。,2. 宾语从句,名词从句用作宾语叫宾语从句。,引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作动词或介词的宾语。,1.)由连接词that引导的宾语从句,由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但有两个以上宾语从句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
10、,He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.,He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.,3)用whether或if引导的宾语从句,whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.,Everything depends on whether we have enough
11、money.,I dont care about whether you have money or not.,4)当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。,We dont believe that he will win the game.,I dont think he will do so.,doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if 引导名词性从句； 用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。
12、be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句； 用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。,连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who/ what/ which。,Whoever breaks the law should be punished.,(3) 如果主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时，那么从句的时态要采用相应的与过去有关的时态，但如果从句描述的是客观事实，从句时态不可调整“呼应”。如：S
13、he remembered that she had left her wallet at the school gate. Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound.,3. 表语从句,在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if, because 引导。其基本结构为： 主语 + 系动词 + 连接词,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。,可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remai
14、n, seem等。,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，有时用as if, because 引导。,2). This is why we cant get the support of the people.,1). The question is whether we can finish it in such a short time.,4). The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the bus.,3). But the fact remains that we are behind the othe
15、rs.,It looks as if it is going to rain.,This is because he missed the train by one minute.,需要注意的是，当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。,The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.,4. 同位语从句,同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。,同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名词后,如 news, idea, information, fa
16、ct, hope, thought, belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，,引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不引导同位语从句。,I have no idea when she will be back.,I had no idea that you were here.,Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？,(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）,(
17、that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）,The news that Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles brought Chinese great happiness.,Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles,brought Chinese great happiness,The news,The man broke the windows.,The fact brought him trouble.,The fact that the man broke the windows brought him trouble.,Join each pai
18、r of sentences using an Appositive Clause(同位语从句）.,1. The famous singer will come to China./ The news is very exciting.,2. Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers.,3.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last n
19、ight.,4.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./Many British parents hold the view.,5. Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.,同位语从句与定语从句区别:,1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt,
20、 truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句。,He told me the news that he would come home from abroad soon.,Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了, 这让我们很高兴。(定语从句),(同位语从句),2.从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词
21、性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴，如:,The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句, news在从句中作told的宾语),3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如how, whether, what 可以引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。如: That q
22、uestion whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句),引导词that引导定语从句时, 在从句中一般作主语或宾语 (指物时还可以用which代替), 并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用, 不充当任何成分, 并且不能省略, 也不能用which来代替，如:,The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收
23、到了。(同位语从句, 是对order的具体解释, that虽不作成分, 但不能省略),The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句, 是名词order的修饰语, that在从句中作received的宾语, 可以省略),注意：在动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order，command)、三建议(suggest，advise，recommend)、四要求(demand，r
24、equire，request，ask)后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用(should)do形式。如：He insisted that he (should) try once again. His advice is that everyone (should) do his best to help the poor girl. It is required that students (should) attend at least 90% of the lectures.,1. The photographs wi
25、ll show you _（MET1989） A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like,2.考查引导词that与what的区别,高考题例示：,1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. (NMET1996) A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what,2. No one can
26、 be sure _ in a million years. (MET1991) what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like,3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法,高考题例示：,1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995) A. There B. This C. That D. It,II
27、. 判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。 The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world. Thats the best piece of news Ive heard.,同,定, Is there any hope that he will be home at 7? Ive no hope that my parents have been expecting to me.,同,定, The possibility that
28、you referred to doesnt exist at all. There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week.,同,定,1.Im thinking about what I should do. 2.Ill face the fact that my girl friend will come this afternoon. 3.Its great that I have a friend like you.,宾语从句 Object Clause,同位语从句 Appositive Cl
29、ause,表语从句 Predicative Clause,主语从句 Subject Clause,4.The fact is that my girl friend will come this afternoon.,名词性从句中连接词的使用原则：,“缺啥补啥”,看从句中缺少什么成分，从句中缺主语、宾语或表语指物用what(whatever), 指人用who(whoever) 或whom（whomever）.其余根据句意用how、when、where、why、if 、whether等。,2.不缺成分且整个句子意思完整，用that。,1.,1.I dont know _ will happen
30、next.,2.She doesnt understand _ he did it?,what,why,Examples:,3. The thought _ we might succeed excited us. 4. _ he succeeded in the competition made us happy. 5. The fact is _ he told a lie to me.,that,That,that,what,whether/if,that,用适当的词填空,2. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.,3. Father made a pr
31、omise _ he would buy me a computer.,1. I wonder if this is _you are looking for.,4. _the test will be given is not yet decided.,When/Where/Whether,That,that,5._ the earth is round is known to us all.,6. My idea is _ we should do it right now.,7._ they need is clear to us all.,What,that,how/why,what,
32、10. I have no idea _he did it.,9.The fact _ man can conquer nature is obvious.,8. This is _ I want to do.,According to Bill Gates, the idea _ we can play video games and receive e-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. which B. whether C. that D. what 2. _ made the school proud was that
33、 the football team of their school won the match. When B. What C. That D. Where,4. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A.Which B. that C. what D. whether,3.The reason why I have to go is_ my mother is ill in bed A. why B. because C. that D. what,5. _ the
34、man broke the windows brought him trouble. That B. which C. of which D. what6. Mr smith took interest in _ he had seen in the history museum. A all what B all which C what D that,7. The boss didnt know _ would happen to him next after the serious accident. A what B that C why D how8.What I regret mo
35、st is _ I couldnt see my mother before her death.A that B whether C what D /,9.She received the message _ he would come by plane. A. that B. which C. what D. when10. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A What B Whether C That D Which,11. The trouble is _ we can get more oil. A if B wh
36、om C what D where12. _ he needs is to get more help from you. A that B What C Which D How13. Thats _ Peter was late this morning. A why B that C what D which,14.Energy is _ makes things work Awhat Bwhich Csomething Dthat15. The final success belongs to _ works hard. A whomever B whoever C what D that,
