1、三、说明文,专题二 第二节 分类突破,感悟体会,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,感悟体会,Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes. A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in 1 .He knows what he wants，and his 2 is to find it and buy it.All men 3 walk into a shop and ask the
2、shop assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock(库存)，the deal can be done and 4 is completed in less than five minutes，with hardly any chat to everyones 5 .,For a man，slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants.In that 6 ，the salesman tries to sell the customer s
3、omething elsehe 7 the nearest to the article required.A good salesman brings out such a substitute(替代品) 8 ；he may say，“I know this jacket is not the style you want，sir，but would you like to try it for size？It 9 to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have 10 with this treatment，and the usual answer
4、is：“This is the right color and may be the right size，but I shouldnt be 11 my time and yours by trying it on.”,For a woman，buying clothes is always done in the 12 way.Her shopping is not often 13 on need.She has never fully decided what she wants，and she is only “having a look around”.She is always
5、14 to persuasion，willing to try on any number of things.Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that 15 thinks suits her.Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected 16 .Faced with a roomful of dresses，a woman may easily spend an hour goin
6、g from one rail to another 17 selecting the dress she wants to 18 .It is a tiresome process，but clearly a(n) 19 one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting 20 .,语篇解读 本文为说明文。文章介绍了男女在购物方面的不同表现。,语篇解读,1.A.detail B.hurry C.advance D.mind,解析 根据下句“He knows what he wants.”可知男人购物时，他们要买的东西预先(in advanc
7、e)就决定好了。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.A.advice B.goal C.demand D.question,解析 既然他知道他想要什么，因此他的目标(goal)就是发现它并购买。advice建议；demand要求；question问题。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.A.quickly B.immediately C.soon D.simply,解析 所有的男士只是(simply)走进商店向售货员要他们想要的
8、东西。quickly迅速地；immediately立即；soon不久。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.A.often B.constantly C.normally D.finally,解析 如果商店有现货就可以进行交易，交易过程常常(often)在不到5分钟之内就可完成，几乎没有闲聊且皆大欢喜(to everyones satisfaction)。constantly不停地；normally正常地，一般地；finally最后。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,
9、15,16,17,18,19,20,5.A.confidence B.amusement C.satisfaction D.surprise,解析 解析见上题。confidence信心；amusement娱乐；satisfaction满意；surprise惊奇。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.A.time B.event C.situation D.case,解析 如果那样的话(in that case)，售货员就会竭尽全力卖给顾客其他东西售货员会把离这位男顾客想要的东西最近的那件提供(offer)给他。,
10、答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.A.gives B.offers C.presents D.delivers,解析 解析见上题。give给予；present赠送，呈现；deliver送(货)。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.A.skillfully B.attentively C.actively D.carefully,解析 好的售货员会巧妙地(skillfully)拿出这样的替代品。attentively认真地；act
11、ively积极地；carefully仔细地。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.A.occurs B.happens C.comes D.takes,解析 先生，我知道这件夹克不是你想要的款式，但是你能试一试这件看看尺码合适吗？那碰巧(happen)是你提到的那种颜色。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.A.patience B.interest C.expectation D.experience,解析 根据上文男士购物特点
12、的介绍可知：很少的男士会对这种服务有耐心(patience)。interest兴趣；expectation期待；experience经验。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.A.losing B.spending C.giving D.wasting,解析 这件的颜色和大小可能都合适，但我不应该通过试穿它来浪费(waste)你我的时间。lose丢失；spend花费；give给予。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.A.sam
13、e B.clever C.opposite D.similar,解析 对于女士来说，她们总是以迥然不同的(opposite)方式购买衣服。same相同的；clever聪明的；similar相似的。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.A.relied B.based C.done D.related,解析 女士购物经常不是基于需要。be based on基于；be relied on被依赖。没有be done on和be related on结构。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1
14、2,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.A.open B.ready C.close D.happy,解析 根据后半句中的“.willing to try on any number of things.”可知，女士总是乐于接受(be open to)劝导。没有be ready to sth. 和be happy to sth. 句式，故排除B、D两项； be close to sth. 接近某物，不合句意，故被排除。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.A.nobody B.somebody
15、 C.everybody D.anybody,解析 在女性购物者内心深处是想找到每个人(everyone)都认为适合她的东西。anybody常用于否定句和疑问句，故被排除。nobody和somebody不合本句句意，可直接排除。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.A.deal B.surprise C.luck D.bargain,解析 根据上文(大多数女性都有超高的价值意识)可推知，女性购物者总是对意外的便宜货(bargain)很留意。deal交易；surprise惊奇；luck运气。,答案,解析,1,2,
16、3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17.A.after B.as C.before D.by,解析 面对满屋子的衣服，女性购物者可能会很容易花一个小时从一个服装架走到另一个服装架才(before)会选中自己想要试穿(try on)的衣服。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.A.try on B.try out C.try up D.try for,解析 参考上题解析。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15
17、,16,17,18,19,20,19.A.tiring B.enjoyable C.boring D.graceful,解析 这个过程很烦人，但对女性购物者来说显然是一种令她们很愉悦的(enjoyable)过程。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20.A.customers B.assistants C.wives D.husbands,解析 男士不愿意购物，因此大多数服装店总是给等待女士购物的丈夫们提供椅子。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,
18、19,20,名师点津,一、题型解读 说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。 与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空有如下命题特点： 1.文章多用一般现在时态。 说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用一般现在时态。 2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述。 说明文的目的是要帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实，易于理解，内容客观真实。 3.文章主题明确，层次分明。 高考说明文类完形填空往往文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供有利条件。 而且，作者借助合理的说
19、明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。,二、解题技巧 1.明确说明对象，理清段落关系。 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。 在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。 2.弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。 把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。 常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。 另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映
20、作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意思。,随堂限时练,Laziness is a state of 1inaction.It is something that you do，not something that you are.Being lazy means you have no 1 to do anything.Many people are 2 themselves to be someone who is lazy.In this article，I am going to 3 with you something that will help you see this
21、 7state of inaction in a(n) 4 way. Lazy people are often seen as useless. 5 ，are they really being lazy or are they acting lazy？Acting lazy is suggesting that your laziness is 6 .But being lazy suggests that it lasts long.Many people are not really lazy；they 7 are people who are temporarily acting t
22、hat way.,So what 8 a person to be inactive？The answer is a lack of goals.If you give someone a good enough 9 to do something，they will do it.People who dont 10 to do anything just havent found a good enough reason to do it. 11 students dont study because they dont see the 12 in studying.If you give
23、them a reason，a strong enough reason，they will take 13 .For example，if you are too lazy to go to the gym，would you go if someone 14 you a million dollars to go？If you are too lazy to clean out the garage，would someone 15 a gun to your head help you take action？The reason can be positive or negative
24、16 it is strong enough to help you take action.,The bottom line of knowing how to 17 laziness comes down to finding enough reasons to take action.Action will 18 success while inaction will 6result in 19 .To motivate someone who is lazy，what you need to do is help him or her find enough 20 to work to
25、wards a certain goal.,语篇解读,语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了懒惰是一种无所事事的状态，分析了懒惰的原因，并提出了相应的改进措施。,1.A.courage B.question C.time D.motivation,解析 根据语境可知，懒惰意味着你没有做任何事情的动力。根据文章最后一句中的“To motivate someone who is lazy”可推知，此处应选motivation，意为“动机，动力”。故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.A.agreeing B.
26、2denying C.considering D.refusing,解析 根据语境可知，许多人认为自己是个懒惰的人。consider sb. to be sth. /sb. 为固定用法，意为“认为某人是”，符合句意。故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.A.argue B.share C.compete D.compare,解析 根据语境可知，此处表示，在此文中，“我”将与你分享一些东西，让你认清这种不作为的状态。share with为固定搭配，意为“与分享”，符合语境。故选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,
27、4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.A.different B.interesting C.ordinary D.3primary,解析 根据下文所讲的内容可知，此处表示“以不同的方式”与你分享。different不同的，符合语境。故选A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.A.Otherwise B.Besides C.However D.Therefore,解析 根据语境可知，懒惰的人常常被认为一无是处。然而，他们是真的懒惰还是表现得懒惰呢？前后表示
28、转折，且用逗号隔开，故应用转折副词however连接。故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.A.correct B.false C.4temporary D.inspirational,解析 根据语境可知，不愿意做事表明你是一时懒惰，但是一直懒惰就表明懒惰是长久性的。由“But”一词可知，此处应与“lasts long”形成对比，且与下文“temporarily acting that way”照应。故此处应指“暂时的”。故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,1
29、4,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.A.simply B.occasionally C.often D.hardly,解析 根据语境可知，许多人并不是真的懒惰，他们只是暂时想懒散一下罢了。此处与上文中的“really”形成对比。simply只是，符合语境。故选A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.A.stops B.causes C.discourages D.demands,解析 根据下文“The answer is a lack of goals.”可知，此处指的应该是其原因，即：是什么让一个人变
30、得不作为呢？cause引起，符合语境。故选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.A.worry B.gift C.fear D.purpose,解析 上文说一个人不作为是因为缺乏目标，此处表示如果你给某个人足够明确的目标去做些事情，他一定会去做。purpose目标，目的，符合语境。故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.A.want B.devote C.take D.come,解析 根据语境可知，不想做事的人只是没有找
31、到一个足够好的理由去做事。want想要，符合语境。故选A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.A.Hardworking B.Lazy C.Young D.Confused,解析 上文主要讲的是懒惰的人及其懒惰的原因。根据上下文可知，不学习的学生应该是懒惰的学生。故选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.A.point B.success C.situation D.difficulty,解析 根据语境可知，懒惰的学生不学
32、习是因为他们没有看出学习的意义。the point in doing sth. 做某事的意义，符合语境。故选A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.A.part B.place C.action D.control,解析 根据语境可知，如果你给他们一个理由，一个有足够说服力的理由，他们肯定会采取行动。此处与上文的“he will do it”相照应。take action为固定搭配，意为“采取行动”，符合语境。故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,
33、17,18,19,20,14.A.lent B.owed C.borrowed D.offered,解析 句意为：比如，如果你太懒惰了以至于不想去体育馆，那么，有人主动给你一百万美元你愿意去吗？offer主动提供，符合语境。故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.A.firing B.pointing C.shooting D.hiding,解析 句意为：如果你太懒惰了以至于不愿意清理车库，那么，有人拿枪指着你的头会让你采取行动吗？point.to.把指向，符合语境。故选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,
34、5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.A.so that B.as soon as C.in spite of D.5as long as,解析 根据语境可知，无论原因是积极、主动的还是消极、被动的，只要理由充分，就足以让你采取行动。as long as只要，如果，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17.A.win B.fight C.overcome D.ban,解析 上文分析了懒惰的表现和原因，文章最后一段讲的是如何克服
35、懒惰情绪。根据语境可知，此处应表示如何克服懒惰，归根结底是要找到足够的理由采取行动。overcome克服，符合语境。故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.A.result from B.fight for C.ask for D.lead to,解析 根据语境以及逻辑关系可知，行动会带来成功。lead to导致，引起，符合语境。故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,19.A.influence B.failure C.
36、pressure D.happiness,解析 根据语境可知，此处应与上半句中的“success”形成对比，表示“不作为将会导致失败”。failure失败，符合语境。故选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20.A.reasons B.money C.energy D.confidence,解析 根据语境可知，为了激发懒惰的人，你需要做的就是帮助他找到足够的理由朝着目标奋斗。reason理由，在上文也多次出现，符合语境。故选A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15
37、,16,17,18,19,20,素材提炼再拓展,做完以上完形后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句,.障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1.If you refer to someones inaction，you disapprove of the fact that they are doing nothing. _ 2.When you deny something，you state that it is not true. _ 3.Primary is used to describe something that occurs first. _ 4.So
38、mething that is temporary lasts for only a limited time. _,不作为；不活动,否定,初级的；最初的,暂时的,(二)同义词语替换 5.As long as your competitor is up for the challenge，you might as well go for it. _ 6.When you do something with faith，it will result in success. _ (三)一词多义 7.state n.国家；州；情形；状态；vt.规定；声明；陈述 (1)France is one of
39、 the member states of the EU. _ (2)He stated that Olympians had brought joy to people across the world._,If,lead to,国家,声明；陈述,(3)For the first few months after Daniel died，I was in a state of clinical depression. _ (4)Oregon conducts its elections entirely by mail，but it is the only state to do so at
40、 present. _,状态,州,.长难句理解 To motivate someone who is lazy，what you need to do is help him or her find enough reasons to work towards a certain goal. 句式分析 本句话是复合句，主干部分为 结构，主语是_；表语是help him or her find enough reasons.，为省略了to的不定式，在该不定式结构中，find enough reasons为省略了to的不定式作_；To motivate someone who is lazy和to work towards a certain goal都作。 精美译文 _ _,为了激发懒惰的人，你需要做的就是帮助他或她找到足够的理由朝着一个特定的目标奋斗。,主系表,what you,need to do,宾,补,目的状语,
