1、五、推理判断观点态度题,专题三 第二节 分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(2018浙江，C) As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the ne
2、xt month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.,Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the motel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represente
3、d what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system，the largest public works project in history.,In 1928 Herbert Hoover ima
4、gined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then，this society has moved onward，never looking back，as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power. The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological di
5、saster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption，climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst，but hopes for the best.,语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。其主题是“人与社会”，介
6、绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来便利的同时，也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。素材的选择旨在向考生传递一种科学的世界观：看待事物一定要一分为二，分析利弊，趋利避害，利用事物好的方面为人类服务。,Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean wat
7、er，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”,语篇解读,解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.even the hamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了表明汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故
8、选B项。,28.Why is hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2? A.To explain Americans love for travelling by car. B.To show the influence of cars on American culture. C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D.To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.,答案,解析,29.What has the use of cars
9、in America led to? A.Decline of economy. B.Environmental problems. C.A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society.,解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选B项。,答案,解析,30.What is Friedmans at
10、titude towards Americas future? A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.,解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读 所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观
11、点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有： 1.Whats the writers attitude towards.? 2.What is the authors opinion on.? 3.What does the author think about.?,二、解题技巧“忠于措辞”定选项 1.文章作者或文中
12、人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。 (1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。 (2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。 (3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。 (4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。,2.要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语： (1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积
13、极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。 (2)表示反对或否定的词语 critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。,例如：【真题感悟】中第30题，根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman
14、认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。,随堂限时练,A (2018和平区一模) One hundred grandmothers were asked how good manners had changed since they were children，what they expected of their own children when they were growing up and how their grandchildren behave today. Although the grannies were united in
15、the belief that good manners cost nothing，they unwillingly came to the conclusion that all the old little courtesies(礼节) are gradually being erased.Some children are not taught simple good manners by their parents，in the belief that they should be free to express themselves.,Manners at mealtimes rev
16、ealed the greatest inter-generational difference.While 92 percent of grandparents and 87 percent of their children sat down at the table with all the family to eat at least once a day，nowadays this applies to just 54 percent of children. Traditional family mealtimes have been on a slippery slope for
17、 many years and this survey reveals an apparent corresponding decline in table manners.One grandmother said：“My grandchildren have bad table manners as they havent been taught by their parents.” Only 49 percent of children today have to ask to get down from the table compared with 89 percent of thei
18、r grandparents and 80 percent of their parents.Keeping your elbows off the table is almost totally unnecessary，,with just 19 percent of grandchildren still expected to stick to the old rule. However，some parents are still keeping family mealtimes alive，with even the smallest children joining them at
19、 the table in their highchairs whether it is their mealtime or not. Although some little courtesies may no longer be encouraged today，good old fashioned “please” and “thank you” seem to have weathered the storm.Nevertheless，there has been a big downturn in writing thank-you letters，from 86 percent o
20、f grandparents to just 35 percent of grandchildren putting pen to paper today. A final word from one wise grandmother：“If there werent rules there would be nothing for kids to break，no risk to take，no scars to show for mistakes.Rules let you fly.”,1.Which of the following would some modern parents m
21、ost probably agree with? A.Good manners are very important. B.Kids should show who they truly are. C.It is easy for kids to learn good manners. D.Kids should learn from their grandparents.,解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Some children are not taught simple good manners by their parents，in the belief that they sh
22、ould be free to express themselves.”可知，当下一些父母很可能认同孩子们应该展示他们真实的一面。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Keeping your elbows off the table is almost totally unnecessary，with just 19 percent of grandchildren still expected to stick to the old rule.”可知，根据调查，只有19%的孩子仍希望遵守旧规则，而剩下81%的孩子把胳膊肘放在桌子上。,2.According
23、to the survey,81 percent of kids . A.put their elbows on the table B.usually eat in their highchairs C.have meals with all the family D.ask permission to leave the table,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Nevertheless，there has been a big downturn in writing thank-you letters，from 86 percent of gr
24、andparents to just 35 percent of grandchildren putting pen to paper today.”可知，被要求写感谢信的比例有所下降。故可以推测出，孩子被鼓励口头表达谢意。,3.What might many kids be encouraged to do? A.Apologize sincerely face to face. B.Show appreciation by writing letters. C.Talk about the weather with strangers. D.Express thankfulness in
25、spoken words.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析 观点态度题。阅读全文，根据文章最后一段“A final word from one wise grandmother：If there werent rules there would be nothing for kids to break，no risk to take，no scars to show for mistakes.Rules let you fly.”可以看出，作者对于坚持传统的礼节是支持的。,4.What is the authors attitude towards sticking to traditi
26、onal courtesies? A.He is uncertain about it. B.He is mildly critical. C.He approves of it. D.He is strongly against it.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析 标题归纳题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，有一百位祖母被问到，从她们小时候至今，礼貌有多大改变，她们对自己的孩子成长中的期望以及她们的子孙们今天的行为如何。本文以此展开，主要讲述了礼节不只是过去的事情。,5.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
27、 A.How to Express Yourself? B.Change the Unnecessary Rules C.Are Good Manners a Thing of the Past? D.Grandmothers Caring for Grandkids,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,B Charity Cycling UK recently launched a campaign to raise awareness of dooring after discovering that many people dont know what it is.Dooring is wh
28、en a driver or passenger opens the door into another road usertypically a cyclistwithout looking for other road users. Cycling UK Chief Executive Paul Tuohy told Gloucestershire Live：“Some people seem to see car dooring as a bit of a joke，but its not and can have serious consequences.Cycling UK want
29、s to see great awareness made about the dangers of opening your car door negligently，and people to be encouraged to look before they open.”,The charity says 2,009 of the 3,000 injuries were sustained by cyclists，resulting in five fatalities but says this might not be the full extent of the danger. C
30、ycling UK says not all car dooring incidents will be attended by police，so the charity has written to transport minister Jesse Norman calling for a public awareness campaign urging all car occupants，not just drivers，to look before opening vehicle doors.One of the ways the charity suggests is the “Du
31、tch reach”，where people leaving a vehicle reach over and use the non-door side hand to open the door.,Cycling UK also suggests harsher laws and advice on safer road positioning for people who cycle. Mr Tuohy said：“In the Netherlands they are known for practising a method，known sometimes as the Dutch
32、 reach，which we think could be successfully encouraged in the UK.” “Cycling UK has written to the Department for Transport asking them to look into this，and highlight the dangers of car dooring through a public awareness THINK style campaign.”,If youre really concerned about opening a door into the
33、path of a cyclist coming behind you，consider using whats known as the Dutch reach to open the door.That will naturally turn you in your seat and give you a much better view of whats coming up alongside the car.,语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了car dooring(因开车门造成的撞人事故)的危害以及解决问题的可行方法。,语篇解读,解析 主旨大意题。通读文章可知，全文围绕话题car
34、 dooring展开，介绍了car dooring的危害以及解决问题的方法。所以A正确。,6.What is the text mainly about? A.Car dooring. B.Traffic awareness. C.The “Dutch reach”. D.The charitys campaign.,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,7.Why does the author mention the figures in Paragraph 3? A.To cause public concern. B.To report the terrible accidents. C.
35、To show the dangers of car dooring. D.To stress the importance of traffic safety.,解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“Cycling UK wants to see great awareness made about the dangers of opening your car door negligently.”可知，car dooring有危险，第三段进一步用数据说明该问题的严重性。所以C项正确。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,8.While doing the “Dutch reach”，yo
36、u should . A.sit still in your seat B.open the car door politely C.use the inside hand to open the door D.use the left hand to open the car door,解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“where people leaving a vehicle reach over and use the non-door side hand to open the door”可知，应该用不靠近车门的手开门。故选C。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,9.What can
37、 be learned from the text? A.Many people are ignorant of car dooring. B.The “Dutch reach” is well received in England. C.Dooring incidents are all attended by police. D.Drivers are to blame for dooring incidents.,解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Charity Cycling UK recently launched a campaign to raise awareness of
38、dooring after discovering that many people dont know what it is.”以及文中多次出现的“public awareness”可知，很多人对car dooring这个问题重视不够。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,10.Whats the authors attitude towards car dooring? A.Enthusiastic. B.Ridiculous. C.Neutral. D.Concerned.,解析 观点态度题。car dooring导致诸多事故，而人们对此又了解不多，作者在字里行间表达了对这一现象的担心。故选D。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,
