1、一 上升增长1add up to 增加了 eg. The total amount ofadded up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994. 2 to jump to / to soar to 一跃达到/ 猛增到 eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.3an increase of aboutpercent as compared with 与相比大约增加了eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indi
2、cating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.4to experience an increase/incline 有了增长 eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.二 下降，减少1to sink/drop/reduce to 减少到 eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.2to experience a decrease/decline 有了减少
3、 eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease.注意：修饰上升/减少的副词有： rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有： the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%三 起伏1to go up and down 起伏不定 eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.2There be ups and downs 有
4、起有伏 eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in （某方面） .四 稳定1to remain steady/level/unchanged 保持稳定，几乎不变eg. The rate of remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967.2to level off (vi.)eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the rate
5、shows signs of leveling off.注意： 修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有：almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型： the general situation was not worsening show indications of improvement it can be predicted thateg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situat
6、ion was not worsening.eg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in 五 成正比，反比 1be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与成正比/ 反比eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse
7、 ratio.六 占百分之几，几分之几1.to form/comprise/make up/constitute .percent 占百分之 eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the U.S. population.eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.2to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of占的 1/2,1/3,1/4eg. Female illustrions form l
8、ess than a fourth of the total. 3account forpercent 占百分之几 eg. , accounting for approximately 20 percent of 七 倍数1A be times as much/many as B eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.2A doubles/is half/triples B A 是 B 的两倍，一半，三倍eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles tha
9、t of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.附一 圆盘比例型图表 例： 一个圆盘显示了大学生在 food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown 中的开销，它们各自占的比例依次是 60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描叙这个圆盘图。描述: The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which
10、 accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.总结写作模式：pie chart consists ofsegments, the largest one representing,which accounts for of the total.each takes up.goes to.A
11、ll the rest, of all,. .八.原因结果1.(结果), owing to ( 原因 ) owing to 为分词结构 2.(结果), attributable to（原因） attributable to 为形容词短语 3.(结果) lie in the fact that（原因） 同位语从句 4.（结果）result from （原因） 句型一般 5. It is precisely because （原因）that （导致结果） 强调结构6. , as a result, （导致结果） as a result 做插入语 7. （原因）be responsible for（
12、结果） 常见句型8.（原因） ，which in turn （结果）eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.九采取措施，提出建议1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,. Secondly,. Finally, 常见句型 2. If we let the situation go a
13、s it is, . By that time, . 如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么。到那个时候，。比较好的句型 3. More and more people are realizing the importance of进行时态， more and more 比 many 好4. Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do 被动语态，due attention 和 be paid to 搭配 5. If, will there be anything that can make me even ha
14、ppier? 如果（我们怎么怎么做） ，那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。条件句，反问句6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb. to do sth. It is for to do句型7. enhance the awareness of people that8. The first nut for us to crack is 我们首先要解决的是 。 比 The first thing we should do is 句型 高级的多，精彩的多，生动的多 9. as soon as possib
15、le 常见句型10. sth. be of the utmost importance be of n. 结构， 比 sth. be much important 好十方式，比较1. (Just) as , so 正如 比较句型 eg. Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases 2. in much the same way/manner that 正如, 和一样eg. The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the sa
16、me way that the Europeans do.十一. 让步1. now that 既然 让步从句 eg. Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it out.2. unlessnot 让步从句 eg. It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic and environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about meeting
17、 the challenges.注意例句中的 consider sth. in one context 句型:把什么事情放在一起加以综合考虑十二. 强调句 1. only 既是强调句,又是倒装句 eg. Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation.2. It is that eg. It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam.3. nothing but 只不过；只有 eg. If what we have been striving
18、for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our nation will be deprived of the right to rise.(这里 nothing but 可以去掉,不影响句意,但有了 nothing but,就强调了后面的名词)十三. 假设1. Supposing, it is likely that. 假设, 那么很可能 假设, 虚拟语态eg. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regar
19、ding performance, price, etc. from an advertisement.十四. 反问1. What else can ? 还能做什么呢? eg. What else can the poor parents do but obey? 这些可怜的家长除了听从外还能做什么呢?2. How could ? 怎能. eg. How could I put the English books aside to read pastime books? 书信作文(3)I am truly sorry to have done 我对_向你表示道歉。Please forgive
20、me 请原谅我曾 _。I owe you an apology 我为_向你道歉。I regret to inform you that I am unable to do. 很遗憾地告诉你，我没法_。I am so sorry to have put you through so much trouble 很抱歉给你带来这么多麻烦，_。Invitation The honor of your presence is requested 若你能出席_，我（们）将感到万分荣幸。Its a pleasure for me to invite you to 我很荣幸地邀请你参加 _。We sincer
21、ely hope that you make it. 我们真诚地希望你能参加。We would be honored to have you there with us 如果您能参加我们的_，我们将不甚荣幸。I will cover all the expense involved. 我将负担所有的费用。Sympathy I can only imagine how difficult this time must be for you, and I want to extend to you my unwavering support 我能想象你所经历的一切，而且，我想告诉你，我会永远支持你
22、。Complain I am writing to express my dissatisfaction withat 我写这封信是想告诉你们我对_不是很满意。I very much regret to have to inform you that 很遗憾地通知你， _。I would like to draw the attention of the authorities concerned to the 我想就_问题引起有关部门的重视。I feel something ought to be done about 我觉得_方面还可以作一些努力（需要改进） 。I hope that th
23、e above situation will be improved as soon as possible.我希望以上问题（情况）能尽快解决（改进） 。Your effort to provide good services will be highly appreciated by all. 我们会很感激您作出的一切努力。We will appreciate your willingness to make up for the loss. 我们真的希望你们能对损失作出补偿。Inquiry I would like to request some information about 我想对
24、_问题向您咨询。My first question is 我的问题就是_I am greatly concerned about 我对_较为关注。Should I need to send further materials, please let me know 我是否需要再寄其他资料给你，请及时告知。Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects.能否针对上述的问题寄些相关的小册子给我。结尾部分：Again, I would like to express ou
25、r warm thanks to you 我想再次对你表示感谢。I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. 我希望待尽快给我回复。Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply 谢谢你关心（关注） ，我期待你的回复。套句总结(1) 套句总结 开头 Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern. 最近 ,问题已引起人们的关注 Inte
26、rnet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题.Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face. 如今,( 人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了 .It is
27、 commonly believed that / It is a common belief that 人们一般认为 Many people insist that 很多人坚持认为 With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为 A lot of people seem to think that 很多人似乎认为引出不同观点: Peoples views on vary from person to person. Some hold that
28、. However, others believe that.人们对的观点因人而异.有些人认为然而其他人却认为 People may have different opinions on 人们对可能会有不同的见解. Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异.There are different opinions among people as to 关于. 人们的观点大不相同.Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(
29、 失败)人们的态度各不相同.结尾部分Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论Hence/Therefore, wed better come to the conclusion that 因此,我们最好得出这样的结论T
30、here is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点.All in all, we cannot live without But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.总之,我们没有是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题.提出建议: It is high time that we put an en
31、d to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了 .It is time to take the advice of and to put special emphasis on the improvement of 该是采纳的建议,并对的进展给予特殊重视的时候了.There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of 毫无疑问,对问题应予以足够的重视.Obviously,. If we want to do something , it is essential that 显然,如果我们想做某事
32、,很重要的是Only in this way can we 只有这样,我们才能It must be realized that 我们必须意识到预示后果:Obviously, if we dont control the problem, the chances are that will lead us in danger.很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险.No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会It is urgent that imm
33、ediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.文章开头句型1、 “如今，人们普遍认为.,但是我怀疑.。 ”Nowadays，it is generally/commonly believed that., but I wonder that.2、 “如同硬币的正反面，.也有积极的一面和消极的一面。 ” Like a coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to.3、 “近来，.的问题已经成为
34、人们注目的焦点。 ”Currently, the issue of .has been brought to public attention.4、 “随着.的快速增长，.在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。 ”Along with the rapid growth of .,.has become increasingly important in our daily life.5、 “由汽车引起的空气和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。 ”Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health.文
35、章结尾句型1、 “因此，不难得出结论.”Accordingly/Consequently/As a result,it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that.2、 “综上所述，我们能得出如下结论.”From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that.3、 “这一难题，是任何人都不可能避免的。但只要处理得当，我们就会.”The dilemma is something no one can avoid. Properly hand
36、led, however, we will.4、 “总之，全社会都应该密切关注.,只有这样我们才能.”All in all, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of Only in this way can we5、 “考虑到所有的因素，我们意识到.”Taking into account all of these factors, we have reached the realization that.英语语言中笼统词有 have, take.如有词语记不得,在作文应试中，笼统词取代具体词，不失为一种应急良策Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
