1、冶金专业词汇1 总论采矿 mining地下采矿 underground mining露天采矿 open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining采矿工程 mining engineering选矿（学）mineral dressing, ore beneficiation, mineral processing矿物工程 mineral engineering冶金（学）metallurgy过程冶金（学）process metallurgy提取冶金（学）extractive metallurgy化学冶金（学）chemical metallurgy物理冶金
2、（学）physical metallurgy金属学 Metallkunde冶金过程物理化学 physical chemistry of process metallurgy冶金反应工程学 metallurgical reaction engineering冶金工程 metallurgical engineering钢铁冶金（学）ferrous metallurgy, metallurgy of iron and steel有色冶金( 学)nonferrous metallurgy真空冶金( 学)vacuum metallurgy等离子冶金( 学)plasma metallurgy微生物冶金(
3、学)microbial metallurgy喷射冶金( 学)injection metallurgy钢包冶金( 学)ladle metallurgy二次冶金( 学)secondary metallurgy机械冶金( 学)mechanical metallurgy焊接冶金( 学)welding metallurgy粉末冶金( 学)powder metallurgy铸造学 foundry火法冶金( 学)pyrometallurgy湿法冶金( 学)hydrometallurgy电冶金(学 )electrometallurgy氯冶金(学 )chlorine metallurgy矿物资源综合利用 eng
4、ineering of comprehensive utilization of mineralresources中国金属学会 The Chinese Society for Metals中国有色金属学会 The Nonferrous Metals Society of China2 采矿采矿工艺 mining technology有用矿物 valuable mineral冶金矿产原料 metallurgical mineral raw materials矿床 mineral deposit特殊采矿 specialized mining海洋采矿 oceanic mining, marine m
5、ining矿田 mine field矿山 mine露天矿山 surface mine地下矿山 underground mine矿井 shaft矿床勘探 mineral deposit exploration矿山可行性研究 mine feasibility study矿山规模 mine capacity矿山生产能力 mine production capacity矿山年产量 annual mine output矿山服务年限 mine life矿山基本建设 mine construction矿山建设期限 mine construction period矿山达产 arrival at mine fu
6、ll capacity开采强度 mining intensity矿石回收率 ore recovery ratio矿石损失率 ore loss ratio工业矿石 industrial ore采出矿石 extracted ore矿体 orebody矿脉 vein海洋矿产资源 oceanic mineral resources矿石 ore矿石品位 ore grade岩石力学 rock mechanics岩体力学 rock mass mechanics3 选矿选矿厂 concentrator, mineral processing plant工艺矿物学 process mineralogy开路 op
7、en circuit闭路 closed circuit流程 flowsheet方框流程 block flowsheet产率 yield回收率 recovery矿物 mineral粒度 particle size粗颗粒 coarse particle细颗粒 fine particle超微颗粒 ultrafine particle粗粒级 coarse fraction细粒级 fine fraction网目 mesh原矿 run of mine, crude精矿 concentrate粗精矿 rough concentrate混合精矿 bulk concentrate最终精矿 final conce
8、ntrate尾矿 tailings粉碎 comminution破碎 crushing磨碎 grinding团聚 agglomeration筛分 screening, sieving分级 classification富集 concentration分选 separation手选 hand sorting重选 gravity separation, gravity concentration磁选 magnetic separation电选 electrostatic separation浮选 flotation化学选矿 chemical mineral processing自然铜 native c
9、opper铝土矿 bauxite冰晶石 cryolite磁铁矿 magnetite赤铁矿 hematite假象赤铁矿 martite钒钛磁铁矿 vanadium titano-magnetite铁燧石 taconite褐铁矿 limonite菱铁矿 siderite镜铁矿 specularite硬锰矿 psilomelane软锰矿 pyrolusite铬铁矿 chromite黄铁矿 pyrite钛铁矿 ilmennite金红石 rutile萤石 fluorite高岭石 kaolinite菱镁矿 magnesite重晶石 barite石墨 graphite石英 quartz方解石 calcite
10、石灰石 limestone白云石 dolomite云母 mica石膏 gypsum硼砂 borax石棉 asbestos蛇纹石 serpentine阶段破碎 stage crushing粗碎 primary crushing中碎 secondary crushing细碎 fine crushing对辊破碎机 roll crusher粉磨机 pulverizer震动筛 vibrating screen筛网 screen cloth筛孔 screen opening筛上料 oversize筛下料 undersize粗磨 coarse grinding细磨 fine grinding球磨机 ball
11、 mill衬板 liner分级机 classifier自由沉降 free setting沉积 sedimentation石灰 lime松油 pine oil硫化钠 sodium sulfide硅酸钠（水玻璃）sodium silicate, water glass过滤 filtration过滤机 filter给矿，给料 feeding给矿机 feeder在线分析仪 on line analyzer在线粒度分析仪 on line size analyzer超声粒度计 ultrasonic particle sizer, supersonic particle sizer4 冶金过程物理化学4.1
12、 冶金过程热力学冶金过程热力学 thermodynamics of metallurgical processes统计热力学 statistical thermodynamics不可逆过程热力学 thermodynamics of irreversible processes化学热力学 chemical thernodynamics表面热力学 surface thermodynamics合金热力学 thermodynamics of alloys冶金热力学数据库 thermodynamics databank in metallurgy系 system单元系 single-components
13、ystem多元系 multicomponent system均相系统 homogeneous system广度性质 extensive property强度性质 intensive property过程 process等温过程 isothermal process等压过程 isobaric process等容过程 isochoric process绝热过程 adiabatic process可逆过程 reversible process不可逆过程 irreversible process自发过程 spontaneous process自理过程 physical process化学过程 chem
14、ical process冶金过程 metallurgical process化学反应 chemical reaction化合反应 combination reaction分解反应 decomposition reaction置换反应 displacement reaction可逆反应 reversible reaction不可逆反应 irreversible reaction电化学反应 electrochemical reaction多相反应 multiphase reaction固态反应 solid state reaction气一金(属 )反应 gas-metal reaction渣一金（
15、属）反应 slag-metal reaction平衡 equilibrium化学平衡 chemical equilibrium相平衡 phase equilibrium热力学平衡 thermodynamic equilibrium亚稳平衡 metastable equilibrium热力学函数 thermodynamic function偏摩尔量 partial molar quantity总摩尔量 integral molar quantity标准态 standard state焓 enthalpy生成焓 enthalpy of formation反应焓 enthalpy of reacti
16、on熵 entropy吉布斯能 Gibbs energy生成吉布斯能 Gibbs energy of formation反应吉布斯能 Gibbs energy of reaction溶解吉布斯能 Gibbs energy of solution吉布斯能函数 Gibbs energy function化学位 chemical potential热化学 thermochemistry热效应 heat effect热容 heat capacity熔化热 heat of fusion汽化热 heat of vaporization升华热 heat of sublimation相变热 heat of p
17、hase transformation放热反应 exothermic reaction吸热反应 endothermic reaction赫斯定律 Hesss law相律 phase rule相图 phase diagram一元相图 single-component phase diagram二元相图 binary-component phase diagram三元相图 ternary-component phase diagram液相线 liquidus固相线 solidus共晶点 eutectic point杠杆规则 lever rule溶液 solution溶质 solute溶剂 solv
18、ent固溶体 solid solution溶液浓度 concentration of solution摩尔分数 mole fraction冶金熔体 metallurgical melt金属熔体 metal melt(炉)渣,熔渣 slag熔盐 molten salt, fused salt理想溶液 ideal solution真实溶液 real solution正规溶液 regular solution活度 activity活度系数 activity coefficient拉乌尔定律 Raoults law亨利定律 Henrys law纯物质标准态 pure substance standar
19、d质量溶液标准(态)1 mass% solution standard无限稀溶液参考态 reference state of infinityly dilute solution相互作用系数 interaction coefficient化学反应等温式 chemical reaction isotherm吉布斯亥姆霍兹方程 Gibbs-Helmholtz equation质量作用定律 law of mass action平衡常数 equilibrium constant平衡值 equilibrium value直接还原 direct reduction间接还原 indirect reducti
20、on金属热还原 metallothermic reduction选择性氧化 selective oxidation渣碱度 basicity of slag光学破度 optical basicity酸性氧化物 acid oxide碱性氧化物 basicoxide两性氧化物 amphoteric泡沫渣 foaming slag熔渣的分子理论 molecular theory of slag熔渣的离子理论 ionization theory of slag脱氧平衡 deoxidation equilibrium脱氧常数 deoxidation constant熔渣脱硫 desulfurization
21、 by slag气态脱硫 desulfurization in the gaseous state硫分配比 sulfur partition ratio硫化物容量 sulfide capacity氧化脱磷 dephosphorization under oxidizing atmosphere 磷分配比碳一氧平衡 carbon-oxygen equilibrium真空脱碳 vacuum decarburization去气 degassing去除非金属夹杂(物)elimination of nonmetallic inclusion非金属夹杂( 物) 变形 form modification o
22、f nonmetallic inclusion脱硅 desiliconization脱锰 demanganization分配平衡 distribution law化学气相沉积 chemical vapor deposition(CVD)4.2 冶金过程动力学微观动力学 microkinetics化学动力学 chemical kinetics反应途径 reaction path反应机理 reaction mechanism基元反应 elementary reaction平行反应 parallel链反应 chain reaction总反应 overall reaction反应速率 reaction
23、 rate反应速率常数 reaction rate constant反应级数 reaction order零级反应 zero order reaction一级反应 first order reaction二级反应 second order reactionn 级反应 nth order reaction碰撞理论 collision theory活化能 activation energy表现活化能 apparent activation energy阿伦尼乌斯方程 Arrhenius equation半衰期 half-life宏观动力学 macrokinetics冶金过程动力学 kinetics
24、 of metallurgical process传输现象 transport phenomena传质 mass transfer传热 heat transfer动量传输 momentum transfer层流 laminar flow湍流 turbulent flow气泡 gas bubble鼓泡 bubbling射流 jet液滴 liquid droplet粘度 viscosity边界层 boundary layer流率 flow rate通量 flux扩散 diffusion菲克第一扩散定律 Ficks 1st law of diffusion菲克第一扩散定律 Ficks 2nd law
25、 of diffusion扩散系数 diffusion coefficient传质系数 mass transfer coefficient热传导 heat conduction热对流 heat convection自然对流 natural convection强制对流 forced convection热辐射 heat radiation导热率 thermal conductivity传热系数 heat transfer coefficient体内浓度 bulk concentration未反应核模型 unreacted core model扩散控制反应 diffusion-controlle
26、d reaction化学控制反应 chenical-controlled reaction混合控制反应 mixed-controlled reaction相似原理 priciple of similarity雷诺数 Reynolds number固定床 fiexed bed填充床 packed bed移动床 moving bed流态化床 fluidized bed混合时间 mixing time停留时间 residence time, retention time催化 catalysis催化剂 catalyst表面能 surface energy表面张力 surface tension界面能
27、interfacial energy界面张力 interfacial tension润湿 wetting表面活性物质 surface-active substance吸收 absorption吸附 absorption4.3 冶金电化学冶金电化学 metallurgical electrochemistry熔盐电化学 electrochemistry of fused salts固态离子学 solid state ionics电解质溶液 electrolyte solution阳离子 cation阴离子 anion电导 conductance电导率 conductivity电阻 resista
28、nce电极 electrode阴极 cathode阳极 anode电镀 electroplating固体电解质 solid electrolyte稳定的氧化锆 stablized zirconia氧传感器 oxygen sensor硅传感器 silicon sensor定氧测头 oxygen probe定硅测头 silicon probe4.4 冶金物理化学研究方法冶金物理化学研究方法 research methods in metallurgical physicalchemistry热电偶 thermocouple量热计 calorimeter热太平 thermobalance热分析 th
29、ermal analysis差热分析 differential thermal analysis,DTA热重法 thermogravimetry分子筛 molecular sieve5 钢铁冶金5.1 炼焦炼焦 coking高温炭化 high temperature carbonization塑性成焦机理 plastic mechanism of coke formation中间相成焦机理 mesophase mechanism of coke formation选煤 coal preparation, coal washing配煤 coal blending配煤试验 coal blendin
30、g test炼焦煤 coking coal气煤 gas coal肥煤 fat coal瘦煤 lean coal焦炉 coke oven焦化室 oven chamber焦饼 coke cake结焦时间 coking time周转时间 cycle time装煤 coal charging捣固装煤 stamp charging推焦 coke pushing焦炭熄火 coke quenching干法熄焦 dry quenching of coke焦台 coke wharf装煤车 larry car推焦机 pushing machine拦焦机 coke guide熄焦车 quenching car焦炉焖
31、炉 banking for coke oven焦炭 coke冶金焦 metallurgical coke铸造焦 foundry coke焦炭工业分析 proximate analysis of coke焦炭元素分析 ultimate analysis of coke焦炭落下指数 shatter index of coke焦炭转鼓指数 drum index of coke焦炭热强度 hot strength of coke焦炭反应性 coke reactivity焦炭反应后强度 post-reaction strength of coke焦炭显微强度 microstrength of coke焦
32、炉煤气 coke oven gas发热值 calorific value煤焦油 coal tar粗苯 crude benzol苯 benzene甲苯 toluene二甲苯 xylene苯并呋喃- 茚树脂 coumarone-indene resin精萘 refined naphthalene精蒽 refined anthracene煤焦油沥青 coal tar pitch沥青焦 pitch coke针状焦 needle coke型焦 formcoke5.2 耐火材料耐火材料 refractory materials耐火粘土 fireclay高岭土 kaolin硬质粘土 flint clay轻质
33、粘土 soft clay陶土 pot clay蒙脱石 montmorillonite叶蜡石 pyrophyllite膨润土 bentonite鳞石英 tridymite方石英 cristobalite砂岩 sandstone耐火石 firestone莫来石 mullite氧化铝 alumina烧结氧化铝 sintered alumina电熔氧化铝 fused alumina刚玉 corundum红柱石 andalusite蓝晶石 kyanite,cyanite硅线石 sillimanite橄榄石 olivine方镁石 periclase镁砂 magnesia合成镁砂 synthetic sin
34、tered magnesia电熔镁砂 fused magnesia烧结白云石砂 sintered dolomite clinker合成镁铬砂 synthetic magnesia chromite clinker尖晶石 spinel镁铬尖晶石 magnesia chrome spinel,magnesiochromite硅藻土 diatomaceous earth, infusorial earth蛭石 vermiculite珍珠岩 perlite碳化硅 silicon carbide氮化硅 silicon nitride氮化硼 boron nitride粘土熟料 chamotte熟料 gro
35、g轻烧 light burning,soft burning死烧 dead burning,hard burning成型模注 shaping moulding机压成型 mechanical pressing等静压成型 isostatic pressing摩擦压砖机 friction press液压压砖机 hydraulic press捣打成型 ramming process熔铸成型 fusion cast process砖坯强度 green strength,dry strength隧道窑 tunnel kiln回转窑 rotary kiln倒焰窑 down draught kiln耐火砖 r
36、efractory brick标准型耐火砖 standard size refractory brick泡砂石 quartzite sandstone酸性耐火材料 acid refractory material硅质耐火材料 siliceous refractory material硅砖 silica brick,dinas brick熔融石英制品 fused quartz product硅酸铝质耐火材料 aluminosillicate refractory半硅砖 semisilica brick粘土砖 fireclay brick,chamotte brick石墨粘土砖 graphite
37、clay brick高铝砖 high alumina brick硅线石砖 sillimanite brick莫来石砖 mullite brick刚玉砖 corundum brick铝铬砖 alumina chrome brick熔铸砖 fused cast brick碱性耐火材料 basic refractory material镁质耐火材料 magnesia refractory material镁砖 magnesia brick镁铝砖 magnesia alumina brick镁铬砖 magnesia chrome brick镁炭砖 magnesia carbon brick中性耐火材料
38、 neutral refractory material复合砖 composite brick铝炭砖 alumina carbon brick铝镁炭转 alumina magnesia brick锆炭砖 zirconia graphite brick镁钙炭砖 magnesia clacia carbon brick长水口 long nozzle浸入式水口 immersion nozzle,submerged nozzle定径水口 metering nozzle氧化铝-碳化硅 -炭砖 Al2O3-SiC-C brick透气砖 gas permeable brick,porous brick滑动水
39、口 slide gate nozzle水口砖 nozzle brick塞头砖 stopper绝热耐火材料 insulating refractory轻质耐火材料 light weight refractory袖砖 sleeve brick格子砖 checker brick,chequer brick陶瓷纤维 ceramic fiber耐火纤维 refractory fiber耐火浇注料 refractory castable耐火混凝土 refractory concrete荷重耐火性 refractoriness under load抗渣性 slagging resistance耐磨损性 ab
40、rasion resistance5.3 碳素材料含碳元素材料 carbon materials无定形碳 amorphous carbon金刚石 diamond炭相学carbon micrography炭黑 carbon black石油沥青 petroleum pitch石油焦炭 petroleum coke石墨化 graphitization石墨化电阻炉 electric resistance furnace for graphitization石墨纯净化处理 purification treatment of graphite炭砖 carbon brick炭块 carbon block碳化
41、硅基炭块 SiC-based carbon block炭电极 carbon electrode连续自焙电极 Soderberg electrode石墨电极 graphite electrode超高功率石墨电极 ultra-high power graphite electrode石墨电极接头 graphite electrode nipple石墨电极接头孔 graphite electrode socket plug电极糊 electrode paste石墨坩埚 graphite crucible石墨电阻棒 graphite rod resistor炭刷 carbon brush高纯石墨 hi
42、gh purity graphite5.4 铁合金铁合金 ferroalloy硅铁 ferrosilicon硅钙 calcium silicon金属硅 silicon metal锰铁 ferromangnanese低碳锰铁 low carbon ferromanganese硅锰 silicomanganese金属锰 manganese metal铬铁 ferrochromium低碳铬铁 low carbon ferrochromium微碳铬铁 extra low carbon ferrochromium硅铬 silicochromium金属铬 chromium metal钨铁 ferrotun
43、sten钼铁 ferromolybdenum钛铁 ferrotitanium硼铁 ferroboron铌铁 ferroniobium磷铁 ferrophosphorus镍铁 ferronickel锆铁 ferrozirconium硅锆 silicozirconium稀土硅铁 rare earth ferrosilicon稀土镁硅铁 rare earth ferrosilicomagnesium成核剂 nucleater孕育剂 incubater,inoculant球化剂 nodulizer蠕化剂 vermiculizer中间铁合金 master alloy复合铁合金 complex ferro
44、alloy电碳热法 electro-carbothermic process电硅热法 electro-silicothermic process铝热法 aluminothermic process,thermit process电铝热法 electro-aluminothermic process开弧炉 open arc furnace埋弧炉 submerged arc furnace半封闭炉 semiclosed furnace封闭炉 closed furnace矮烟罩电炉 electric furnace with low hood矮炉身电炉 low-shaft electric furn
45、ace5.5 烧结与球团人造块矿 ore agglomerates烧结矿 sinter压块矿 briquette球团矿 pellet针铁矿 goethite自熔性铁矿 self-fluxed iron ore复合铁矿 complex iron ore块矿 lump ore粉矿 ore fines矿石混匀 ore blending配矿 ore proportioning矿石整粒 ore size grading返矿 return fines储矿场 ore stockyard矿石堆料机 ore stocker匀矿取料机 ore reclaimer熔剂 flux消石灰 slaked lime活性石灰
46、 quickened lime有机粘结剂 organic binder烧结混合料 sinter mixture烧结铺底料 hearth layer for sinter烧结 sintering烧结热前沿 heat front in sintering烧结火焰前沿 flame front in sintering渣相粘结 slag bonding扩散粘结 diffusion bonding带式烧结机 Dwight-Lloyd sintering machine环式烧结机 circular travelling sintering machine烧结梭式布料机 shuttle conveyer b
47、elt烧结点火料 sintering ignition furnace烧结盘 sintering pan烧结锅 sintering pot烧结冷却机 sinter cooler带式冷却机 straight-line cooler环式冷却机 circular cooler,annular cooler生球 green pellet,ball生球长大聚合机理 ball growth by coalescence生球长大成层机理 ball growth by layering生球长大同化机理 ball growth by assimilation精矿成球指数 balling index for ir
48、on ore concentrates生球转鼓强度 drum strength of green pellet生球落下强度 shatter strength of green pellet生球抗压强度 compression strength of green pellet生球爆裂温度 cracking temperature of green pellet圆筒造球机 balling drum圆盘造球机 balling disc竖炉陪烧球团 shaft furnace for pellet firing带式机陪烧球团 traveling grate for pellet firing链算机-回
49、转窑陪烧球团 grate-kiln for pellet firing环式机陪烧球团 circular gates for pellet firing冷固结球团 cold bound pellet维式体 wustite铁橄榄石 fayalite铁尖晶石 hercynite铁黄长石 ferrogehlenite铁酸半钙 calcium diferrite铁酸钙 calcium ferrite铁酸二钙 dicalcium ferrite锰铁橄榄石 knebelite钙铁橄榄石 kirschsteinite钙铁辉石 hedenbergite钙铁榴石 andradite钙长石 anorthite钙镁橄榄石 monticellite钙钛矿 perovskite硅灰石 wollastonite硅酸二钙 dicalcium silicate硅酸三钙 tricalcium silicate镁橄榄石 forsterite镁黄长石 akermanite镁蔷薇辉石 manganolite钙铝黄长石 gehlenite钛辉石 titanaugite枪晶石 cuspidine预还原球团 pre-reduced pellet金属化球团 metallized pellet转鼓试验 drum test,tumbler test落下试验 shatter tes
