1、常用无机化合物俗名化学名对照表(含英文名) 一画 乙炔黑 C，用乙炔制的碳黑 acetylene black 二画 十字石 Fe(OH)2(Al2SiO5)2 /staurolite/lapis crucifer/ 三画 干冰 固态 CO2 /carbon ice/drikold=dry ice/solidified carbon dioxide/ 大苏打 海波 硫代硫酸钠 Na2S2O35H2O /sodium thiosulfate/ 小苏打 NaHCO3 baking soda / dicarbonate/sodium hydrogen carbonate/天然小苏打 n ahcolit
2、e/ 四画 文石 CaCO3 /aragonite 王水 1:3的浓硝酸和浓盐酸 aqua regia/chlor(o)azotic acid/chloronitric acide/n itrohydrochloric acid/nitro-muriatic acid 水晶 SiO2 /rock crystal/mountain crystal/ 水玻璃 Na2SiO3 /sodium slicate/water glass/solube glass/ 水银 汞/quicksilver/argentum virum/mercury/ 方解石 CaCO3 /tiff/limespar/glass
3、 tiff/galenite/calcspar/calcite/caliza/calcar eous spar/ 火碱 烧碱 NaOH/caustic soda/sodium hydroxide/ 火硝 KNO3 /potassium nitrate/ 贝状重晶石 BaSO4 /barite/barytin/barytes/bolognian phosphorus/bolognian /stone / native sulfate of bariu/ heavy spar/cawk/litheosphorus/tiff/ 气黑 C,由天然气制的炭黑 /gas black/ 双氧水 H2O2 /
4、perhydrol/oxydol/ 升汞 HgCl2 /sublimate/corrosive mercuric chloride/corrosive sublimate/mercury bichloride/mercuric chloride/ 水煤气 氢+一氧化碳 /water gas/ 五画 石英 SiO2 /rock quartz/quartz/ 打火石 SiO2 /flintstone/flint 石灰 CaO /lime/ 石棉 碳酸钙镁 CaO3MgO4SiO2 /asbestos/ 石灰石 CaCO3 /chalkstone/fluxlime/lime rock/limesto
5、ne/ 石墨 碳 /graphite/stove black/black lead/mineral carbon/mineral black/ Fland ers stone/ pot lead/plumbago/ 甘汞 Hg2Cl2 /calomel/mercurous chloride/ 电石 CaC2 /acetylene stones/acetylith/calcium carbide/ 生石灰 CaO /qiuck lime/unslaked lime/burned lime/calk/calcium lime/lump lime / 生石膏 CaSO42H2O /salt lime
6、/ hydrous calcium sulfate/mineral white/parget/ gypsum/gypse/montmartrite/land plaster/lapis speculaaris/ 石灰乳 Ca(OH)2 /lime cream/lime milk/milk of lime/ 立德粉 BaSO4 与 ZnS混和 /zinc sulfide white/zinc baryta white/lithopone/crypto n/Orrs(zinc) white/rubberlith/ 汉白玉 CaCO3 为主 白玉 刚玉 红宝石 Al2O3 /white jade/
7、白磷 P4 /yello phosphorus/white phosphorus/ 白炭黑 轻质 SiO2 /white carbon/ 白矾 ZnSO47H2O /white alum/ 白金 铂 Pt /platinum/white gold/ 发烟硫酸 含游离 SO3的硫酸 /fuming sulfuric acid/fuming oil of votriol/Nordhau sen acid/oleum/ 六画 次亚硫酸钠 五水合硫代硫酸钠 海波 Na2S2O35H2O /hypo/ 芒硝、朴硝 Na2SO410H2O /sal glauberi/sal mirabile/salt-c
8、ake/Glauber salt/m irabilite/ 吐酒石 半水合酒石酸氧锑钾 K(SbO)C4H4O61/2H2O /antimonyl potassium/tartar e metic/ 朱砂 HgS /cinnabar/ 灯黑 C,由重油等制成的碳黑 /lamp black/ 冰晶石 3NaFAlF3 /cryolite/ 灰锰氧 高锰酸钾 /potassium hypermanganate/potassium permanganate/ 尖晶石 MgOAl2O3 /spinel(le)/ 吊白块 见雕白块 /formaldehyde sodium sulfoxylate/ 七画
9、 辰砂 HgS /cinnabar/ 苏打 Na2CO3 /sal soda/soda salt/ 黄血盐 亚铁氰化钾 /potussium ferrocyanide/ 赤血盐 K3Fe(CN)6 /potassium ferricyanide/red prussiate of potash/ 赤血盐钠 Na3Fe(CN)6H2O /red prussiate of soda/ 赤铁矿 Fe2O3 /hematite/ 玛瑙 SiO2 /agate/ 吸铁石 Fe3O4 /ferriferrous oxide/ferroferric oide/ 鸡血石 Al2(Si4O10)(OH)2，珍贵红
10、色的昌化石 /bloodstone/heliotrope/ 鸡冠石、雄黄 As2S2 或 As4S4 /arsenic disulfide/ 纯碱 无水碳酸钠 /anhydrous sodium carbonate/ 八画 苛性钠 NaOH /caustic soda/sodium hydroxide/ 苛性钾 KOH /caustic potash/ 明矾 KAl(SO4)212H2O /potassium aluminium sulfate/white alum/aluminium potass ium sulfate/alum/ 沸石、泡沸石 亦称分子筛 NaAlSi2O6H2O /ze
11、olite/zeolum/barrer minerals/ 波尔多液 碱式硫酸铜+水 Cu(OH)2CuSO4+H2O /bordeaux turpentine/bouillie bordel aise/ 泡花碱、水玻璃 Na2SiO3 /sodium slicate/water glass/solube glass 青石 CuSO4 5H2O /celestine/ 泻盐、泻利盐 MgSO47H2O /bitter salt/ sal epsom/Epsom salt/ 金粉 由 Cu与少量 Zn、Al、Sn 等制成的金色颜料 金刚砂 碳化硅 SiC /carborundum/emery/s
12、ilicon carbide/ 九画 草碱 K2CO3（不纯）/soap ashes/pulverin/barilla/ 砒霜 As2O3 /arsenous oxide/arsenic white/ white arsenic/ 洗涤碱 Na2CO310H2O 食盐 NaCl /common salt/dairy salt/table salt/salt/sal fossile/sal communis/sod ium chloride/celery salt/evaporated salt/kitchen salt/ 重石 钨酸钙 CaWO4 重晶石 BaSO4 硫酸钡 /barite/b
13、arytin/barytes/bolognian phosphorus/bolognian sto ne/ native sulfate of bariu/ heavy spar/cawk/litheosphorus/tiff 钟乳石 CaCO3 炭黑 C /cabrbon black/ 保险粉 Na2S2O4 /hydros/sodium hydrosulfide/ 钛白粉 二氧化钛 TiO2 /titanium pigment/ 胆矾 五水合硫酸铜 /blue copperas/bluestone/blue vitriol/chalcanthite/ 十画 高岭土 二水合硅酸铝 Al2O3
14、 2SiO22H2O /kaolin/ 莫尔盐 (NH4)2SO4FeSO46H2O /Mohrs salt/ 钻石 C（金刚石）diamond 铅丹 Pb3O4 /mineral orange/read lead/minium/lead read/lead oxide red/lead te troxide/ 铁黑、氧化铁黑 Fe3O4 /iron oxide black/curriers ink/prussian black/tri-iron tetroxide/ 铁黄 Fe2O3H2O /iron(oxide yello)/ ferrite yello/yello oxide/ 祖母绿
15、Be3Al2(Si6O18) 海波 五水合硫代硫酸钠 Na2S2O35H2O /hypo/ 消石灰 Ca(OH)2 /lime hydrate/lime hydroxide/ 桔铬黄 碱式铬酸铅 PbCrO4PbO 烧碱 NaOH /caustic soda/sodium hydroxide/ 铂黑 极细的铂粉 /platinum black/ 笑气 一氧化二氮 N2O /dental gas/ laughing gas/ 陶土 二水合硅酸铝 Al2O32SiO22H2O /bolus/aluminum flakes/kaolin/clay/ china clay/ plastic clay/
16、pottery clay/ potters earth/soft clay/ 密陀僧 PbO /yello lead/yello lead oxide/lithargite/lead monoxide/lead oxide/li tharge/ 萤石 氟化钙 CaF2 /fluorspar/fluorite/ Derbyshire spar/ 黄铜矿 CuFeS2 /pyrite copper ore/yello copper/yello ore/chalcopyrite/copperpyr ite/ 黄铁矿 二硫化铁 FeS2 /iron pyrite/kies/mundic/fools g
17、old/pyrite/ 硅灰石 天然硅酸钙 CaSiO3 /stellite/wollastonite/scale stone/ 硅胶 硅藻土 水合二氧化硅 SiO2nH2O /white black/blangel/kiese gel/ 十一画 铬黄 铬酸铅 PbCrO4 /yello chrome/chrome yello/lemon chrome yello/ 铬绿 三氧化二铬 Cr2O3 黄血盐 K4Fe(CN)6 /potassium ferrocyanide/yello prussiate of potash/ 铜绿 Cu2(OH)2CO3 /blue verditer/aerug
18、o/copper green/ventilation breather/verdi ter green/ 银粉 Al 粉（颜料），Ag 粉（电气业） 铬红 PbCrO4PbO /basic lead chromate/red chrome/Persian red/chrome red/ 铬绿 PbCrO4与 Fe4 Fe(CN)63混合而成的颜料 /chrome green/deby red/chrome red/Mi lori green/ 绿矾 FeSO47H2O /green vitriol/ copperas green copperas/iron copperas/ 十二画 硬石膏
19、CaSO4 /salt lime/hydrous calcium sulfate/mineral white/parget/gypsum/mo ntmartrite/land plaster/lapis specularis/ 硝石、焰硝 KNO3 /potassium nitrate/ saltpeter/ nitre/niter/ 雄黄 As2S2或 As4S4 /red arsenic glass/red orpoment/sandarach/arsenic disulfide/ 锌铬黄 ZnCrO4Zn(OH)2 /zinc yellow/zinc chromium/zinc-chro
20、me yellow/ 锌钡白 BaSO4与 ZnS的混合物 /Orrs (zinc) white/lithopone/zinc sulfide white/zi nc baryta white/chariton white/crypton/enamel white/ 锌白、锌氧粉 ZnO /zinc white/white zinc/chinese white/ 普鲁士蓝 Fe4Fe(CN)63nH2O /Berlin blue/bearing blue/bronze blue/Prussian bl ue/paste blue/ 普鲁士红 氧化铁 Fe2O3 /mummy/ 硝石 硝酸钾 /
21、potassium nitrate/saltpeter/nitre/niter/ 智利硝石 NaNO3 /cubic niter/Chile nitrate/chile saltpeter/chile nitre/nitratin e/soda nitrate/sodium nitre/ 滑石 Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2或 3MgO4SiO2H2O /talcum/talc/white rock/French chalk/s teatite/stertite/ 黑火药 硝石(75%)硫(10%) 木炭(15%)的混合物 十三画 雷汞 Hg(ONC)2 雷酸汞 /mercury fulmi
22、nate/mercuric fulminate/ 蓝矾 CuSO45H2O /blue coppers/chalcanthite/Salzburg vitriol/ 蒙脱石 Al2(Si4O10)(OH)2nH2O /ascanite/montmorillonite/ japan clay/ 蒙脱土 montmorillonite 硼砂 Na2B4O710H2O /borax/zala/sodium borate/sodium tetraborate/tinkal/ sal s edatirum/ 十四画 雌黄 As2S3 /yello arsenic/arsenic trisulfide/a
23、rsenic orange/arsenblende/orpime nt/ 漂白粉 氯化次氯酸钙 CaCl(ClO) /bleaching powder/calcium bleach/chloride of lim e/chlorinated lime/calcium oxychloride/ 翡翠 硅酸铝钠 NaAlSi2O6 /green emerald/ 十五画以上 镉红 CdS与 CdSe /selenium cadmium pigment/ red cadmium/cadmium red/ 镉黄 CdS 与 BaSO4 /orient yellow/cadmium yellow/ 燧石
24、 SiO2 /petrosilex/silex/chert/flint/ 熟石灰 氢氧化钙 Ca(OH)2 /slaked lime/hydrated lime/lime hydrate/lime hydroxide / 熟石膏 CaSO41/2H2O /plaster of Paris/casting plaster/calcined gypsum/plaster / 膨润土 Al2O34SiO2H2O /colloidal clay/bentonite/bentonite clay/otaylite/sta rching clay/wilkinite/ 雕白块 水合甲醛次硫酸氢钠 NaHSO2CH2OH2O /formaldehyde sodium sulfoxylate/ 霰石 CaCO3 /aragonite/
