1、中国电子商务十二年发展史阶段划分及特征(一)我国电子商务发展的阶段划分及阶段特征纵观中国电子商务十二年发展史，按照或从国外引入或本土原创开始起步、遭遇互联网泡沫寒冬、“非典”后的回暖，以及随之而来的快速发展，到金融危机下的调整与转型，大致可分为以下五个发展阶段。(一)萌芽与起步期(1997-1999 年)：特征：业内公认的说法是，国内第一批电子商务网站的创办时期始于 1997 年起步的三年。当时互联网全新的引入概念鼓舞了第一批新经济的创业者，他们认为传统的贸易信息会借助互联网进行交流和传播，商机无限。于是，从 1997 年到 1999 年，美商网、中国化工网、8848、阿里巴巴、易趣网、当当网
2、等知名电子商务网站先后涌现。数据：据中国 B2B 研究中心调查显示：在目前已经成立的电子商务网站当中，有 5.2%创办于 20 世纪 90 年代。该阶段无疑是我国电子商务的萌芽与起步时期。(二)冰冻与调整期(2000-2002 年)：特征：2000-2002 年，在互联网泡沫破灭的大背景下，电子商务的发展也受到严重影响，创业者的信心经受了严峻的挑战，尤其是部分严重依靠外来投资“输血”，而自身尚未找到盈利模式具备“造血”功能的企业，经历了冰与火的严峻考验。于是，包括8848、美商网、阿里巴巴在内的知名电子商务网站进入残酷的寒冬阶段，而依靠“会员+广告”模式的行业网站集群，则大都实现了集体盈利，安
3、然度过了互联网最为艰难的“寒潮”时期。数据：据中国 B2B 研究中心调查显示：在这三年间创建的电子商务网站不到现有网站总数的 12.1%。无疑，该阶段是我国电子商务的冰冻与调整时期。(三)复苏与回暖期(2003-2005 年)：特征：电子商务经历低谷后，在 2003 年一场突如其来的“非典”后，出现了快速复苏回暖，部分电子商务网站也在经历过泡沫破裂后，更加谨慎务实地对待盈利模式和低成本经营。数据：据中国 B2B 研究中心调查显示：目前现有电子商务网站总数占现有网站总数 30.1%，应用电子商务的企业会员数量开始明显增加，2003 年成为不少电子商务网站尤其是 B2B 网站的“营收平衡年”，该阶
4、段无疑是我国电子商务的冰冻与调整期。(四)崛起与高速发展期(2006-2007 年)：特征：互联网环境的改善、理念的普及给电子商务带来巨大的发展机遇，各类电子商务平台会员数量迅速增加，大部分 B2B 行业电子商务网站开始实现盈利。而专注 B2B 的网盛生意宝与阿里巴巴的先后上市成功引发的“财富效应”，更是大大激发了创业者与投资者对电子商务的热情。IPO 的梦想、行业良性竞争和创业投资热情高涨这“三架马车”，大大推动了我国行业电子商务进入新一轮高速发展与商业模式创新阶段，衍生出更为丰富的服务形式与盈利模式，而电子商务网站数量也快速增加。数据：据中国 B2B 研究中心调查显示：仅 2007 年，国
5、内各类电子商务网站的创办数量就超过了现有网站总数的 30.3%。该阶段正是我国电子商务的崛起与高速发展阶段。(五)转型与升级期(2008-2009 年)：特征：全球金融海啸的不期而至，全球经济环境迅速恶化，致使我国相当多的中小企业举步维艰，尤其是外贸出口企业随之受到极大阻碍。作为互联网产业中与传统产业关联度最高的电子商务，也难免独善其身。受产业链波及，外贸在线 B2B 首当其冲，以沱沱网、万国商业网、慧聪宁波网、阿里巴巴为代表的出口导向型电子商务服务商，纷纷或关闭、或裁员重组、或增长放缓。而与此同时，在外贸转内销与扩大内需、降低销售成本的指引下，内贸在线 B2B 与垂直细分 B2C 却获得了新
6、一轮高速发展，不少B2C 服务商获得了数目可观的 VC 的资本青睐，传统厂商也纷纷涉水，B2C 由此取得了前所未有的发展与繁荣。而 C2C 领域，随着搜索引擎巨头百度的进入，使得网购用户获得了更多的选择空间，行业竞争更加激烈化。数据：据中国 B2B 研究中心调查显示：仅在此二年不到时间内创建的电子商务网站占现有网站总数的 22.3%，且有 75.4%的电子商务网站专注于细分行业的 B2C。该时期电子商务行业优胜劣汰步伐加快，模式、产品、服务等创新层出不穷。无疑，该阶段是我国电子商务的转型与升级时期。Years of Chinese history of the development stag
7、e of e-commerce division and character(A) the stage of the development of electronic commerce division and phase characteristicsThroughout the years the history of Chinese e-commerce, in accordance with, or introduced from abroad or local original started, hit the Internet bubble in the winter, “aty
8、pical pneumonia“ after the pick up, and the subsequent rapid development of the adjustment of the financial crisis and the transformation can be divided into the following five stages of development.(A) of the germination and initial stage (1997-1999):Characteristics: industry-recognized argument is
9、 that the first batch of the founder of e-commerce site began in 1997 during the initial three years. The introduction of new Internet concept was inspired by the first batch of the new economy entrepreneurs, they think will be the traditional use of the Internet for trade information exchange and d
10、issemination of business opportunities. Thus, from 1997 to 1999, Meishang Wang, China Chemical Network, 8848, Alibaba, eBay, and other well-known e-commerce website Dangdang has emerged.Data: According to the China B2B Research Center survey shows: in the current e-commerce website has been establis
11、hed among them, founded in the 20th century, 5.2% 90. This phase of e-commerce in China is undoubtedly the emergence and early days.(B) frozen and adjustment period (2000-2002):Features :2000-2002, the Internet bubble burst in the background, the development of e-commerce has also been severely affe
12、cted the confidence of entrepreneurs experienced serious challenges, especially in some rely heavily on foreign investment in “blood“, and have yet to find its own profit model with “blood“ feature of business, experienced a severe test of Ice and Fire. Thus, including the 8848, Meishang Wang, Aliba
13、ba e-commerce sites, including well-known stage into the cruel winter, and rely on “Member + advertising“ model of industry site cluster, the most achieved a collective profit to survive the most Internet difficult “cold“ period.Data: According to the China B2B Research Center survey shows: In this
14、three-year e-commerce site created less than 12.1% of the total number of existing sites. No doubt, the stage is frozen and adjustment of the period of e-commerce.(C) recovery and warmer period (2003-2005):Features: e-commerce experience trough in 2003, a sudden “SARS“, there has been rapid recovery
15、 to pick up some e-commerce sites also experienced a bubble burst, more cautious, pragmatic and low-cost operating profit model to treat .Data: According to the China B2B Research Center survey shows: the total number of e-commerce sites are currently available the total number of 30.1% cent of the
16、existing site, the application of e-commerce companies are significantly increasing the number of members in 2003, especially as a lot of B2B e-commerce site site “ balance of revenue “, the stage of e-commerce in China is undoubtedly the frozen and adjustment.(D) the rise and high-speed development
17、 period (2006-2007):Features: Internet environment improvement, the popularization of the concept to bring great opportunities for development e-commerce, e-commerce platform for all kinds of rapid increase in membership, most of the B2B e-commerce sites start a profit sectors. The focus on B2B busi
18、ness web Sheng Bao listed with Alibabas success has lead to the “wealth effect“ is greatly inspired entrepreneurs and investors in the e-commerce enthusiasm. IPO dreams, healthy competition and venture capital industrys enthusiasm this “troika“, which greatly contributed to our industry into a new r
19、ound of rapid development of e-commerce and business model innovation stage, derived from the more abundant forms of service and profit model The rapid increase in the number of e-commerce sites.Data: According to the China B2B Research Center survey shows: in 2007 alone, the founder of the domestic
20、 number of various types of e-commerce sites to more than 30.3% of the total number of existing sites. This phase is the rise of electronic commerce and the rapid development stage.(E) transformation and upgrading of the (2008-2009):Characteristics: the global financial tsunami unexpected, rapid det
21、erioration of the global economic environment, resulting in a considerable number of SMEs in China difficult, especially in export business along with being a great hindrance. As the Internet industry and traditional industries associated with the highest e-commerce, inevitably exception. Affected b
22、y the industrial chain, B2B trade online bear the brunt of the Tootoo net exporters, net, HC Ningbo network, Alibaba, represented by export-oriented e-commerce service providers, have on or off, reorganization or layoffs, or slower growth.Meanwhile, domestic sales in the foreign trade and expand dom
23、estic demand and reduce cost of sales under the guidance of domestic online B2B and B2C vertical segments is given a new round of rapid development, many of B2C service providers to obtain a significant number of VCs Capital popular, traditional manufacturers have also wading, B2C which achieved unp
24、recedented development and prosperity. The C2C field, with the search engine giant Baidu to enter, so online shoppers get more choice, the industry more competitive technology.Data: According to the China B2B Research Center survey shows that: only in this less than two hours to create the e-commerc
25、e sites accounted for the existing site of the total 22.3% and 75.4% of the e-commerce site focused on industry segments B2C. The survival of the fittest during the accelerated e-commerce industry, models, products, services, innovation after another. No doubt, the stage is the transformation and upgrading of electronic commerce period.
