1、1一. 教学内容：Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes二. 学习目标：Functions:1. 能够谈论允许和不允许做的事情2. 能够谈论应该被允许和不被允许做的事情3. 能够针对被允许和不被允许做的事情发表自己的观点（同意或者不同意）4. 能够表达同意或者不同意的理由三. 教学重点难点：含有情态动词（should）的被动语态四. 重点词和短语：1. choose ones own sth. 选择某人自己的东西2. should do sth. 应该做shouldnt do sth. 不应该做3. a fi
2、fteen-year-old student 一个 15 岁的学生fifteen-year-olds 15 岁的学生/孩子（复数）4. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事allow doing sth. 允许做某事5. get ones drivers license 获得某人的驾驶执照6. have/get/find/look for a part-time job 找/有/得到一个兼职7. get ones ears pierced=pierce ones ears 钉耳洞have/get sth.done 使被做have/get ones hair cut = cu
3、t ones hair 理发have/get the shoes repaired = repair the shoes 补鞋8. be sure （of/ about sth.） 确信某事be sure that+从句 确信9. too wild= not serious enough 太鲁莽,不够冷静too young = not old enough 太年轻,不够老too silly/foolish =not smart/clever enough 太愚蠢,不够聪明enough 足够的 + n. /sth.too.to = not + adj.+ enough to = so.that.
4、 太而不能10. stop wearing that silly earring 停止戴那个愚蠢的耳环11. seem to do. 似乎12. look cool/clean/smart 看起来酷/干净/聪明13. need to do sth 需要做某事14. instead of 代替、而不是15. kind of 有点儿16. So do we . 我们也是。17. stay up 熬夜18. get to class late = be late for class 上学迟到19. finish a test early 很早完成考试take the test 参加考试pass th
5、e test 考试过关fail a test 考试不及格20. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格be strict in sth 对某事要求严格21. the other day 几天前22. would like to do 想要做23. concentrate on 全神贯注concentrate energies on studying 把力量贯注于学习24. feel comfortable 感觉舒适25. be good for 对有益26. a good way to do sth. 一个做的好方法27. keep + n. + adj. 保持怎么样28. le
6、arn a lot from sb./each other 从学习了许多29. at present 目前30. have an opportunity to do 有个机会做have a chance to do 31. go back to school 回校32. be a good/great experience for sb. 对某人来说是一个很棒的经历33. They both look good on me. 两件我穿都好看。34. at least 至少35. eight hours sleep a night 一晚 8 小时睡眠36. perform a play 表演23
7、7. take time to do things 花时间做某事38. more often 经常39. write for a newspaper 为报社撰稿40. volunteer at the newspaper office 在报社做志愿活动41. help teach young students 帮助教小学生42. a long week of classes 上一周的长课43. have Friday afternoons off 星期五下午休息44. reply to sb. = answer the letter 给某人回信45. get in the way of sth
8、./doing sth. 妨碍某事46. as much as sb. wants 尽某人想要as much as one would like to 尽某人想要做 47. a running star 一个田径队员48. on his school running team 在他学校的田径队49. achieve ones dream 实现某人理想50. We have nothing against running! 我们没有理由反对跑步。51. make decisions for sb./oneself 为某人做决定52. be serious about sth 对热衷、渴望53.
9、care about 关心，在乎，介意54. a chance of achieving ones dream 实现梦想的一个机会五. 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释1. I dont think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.我认为不应该允许 16 岁的孩子穿耳孔。（Section A, 1b）（1）当主句的主语是第一人称 I 或 we，谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, guess 等词时，其后的从句不能是含有 not 的否定句；若要否定，须将 not 提到主句。在翻译时，按
10、汉语习惯译作否定从句。例如：“我想他不会给你打电话的。”应译为 I dont think he will give you a call 而不是 I think he wont give you a call。特别提示若把此类句式变成反意疑问句，其助动词及主语要根据从句确定，而肯定/否定则要根据主句来确定。We think you can help him, cant you? 我们认为你能帮助他，不是吗？I dont think he is a good student, is he? 我认为他不是个好学生，对吗？（2）本句中的 sixteen-year-olds 相当于 sixteen-y
11、ear-old teenagers，意为 “16 岁的孩子/年轻人”。知识拓展数词和一个相应的名词单数用“-”连接起来，可以构成一个合成形容词。常见的还有：two-month holiday 两个月的假期 a sixty-pound stone 一块 60 磅的石头（3）get their ears pierced 属于“get+名词/代词+动词的过去分词”结构，表示“使被做”，“请人做”。Go and get your hair cut! 你去理理发吧。Why havent you got the work done yet? 你为什么还不叫人把活干了呢？2. I disagree. 我不同
12、意。 I agree. 我同意。（Grammar Focus ）（1）agree 意为“赞成，同意”，用来表示同意某人的意见、观点等；可以单独使用，也可以接由 with, to, on 等引导的介词短语或接从句。Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 我们明天去动物园，好吗？I agree. 我同意。I quite agree with you. 我完全赞成你的意见。Do you agree on this plan? 你同意这个计划吗？知识拓展agree with, agree to 和 agree on 都表示“ 同意”，但用法不同。agree with 表示“
13、同意”，后面接表示人的名词或代词，也可以接表示“意见，看法”的名词。We all agree with him. 我们都同意他的意见。Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗？特别提示agree with 也可以表示“ 某人适应（食物、气候等）”。The weather doesnt agree with me. 我不适应这种天气。agree to 表示“ 同意”，后面接表示 “计划，建议，安排”等的名词，接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构。He agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我们的计划。They agreed to come
14、on Monday. 他们同意星期一来。agree on 表示“（两人以上）就取得一致意见，在方面意见一致”，其主语多为复数形式，宾语是表示事、计划等的名词，而不是表示人的名词或代词。They agreed on the plan.（2）disagree 是 agree 的反义词，相当于 not agree。3. They talk instead of doing homework. 他们说话而不做作业。（Grammar Focus ）本句中的 instead of 是复合介词，意思是 “代替”，后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语, of 后面的内容是被否定的。I want that b
15、ook instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本。We went to swim instead of playing basketball.我们没有去打篮球，而是去游泳了。特别提示副词 instead 和 instead of 意思相同，但用法却不同。instead 意为“代替，顶替”，常位于句首或句末，可不译。3I didnt go to cinema. Instead, I went to go shopping. 我没有去看电影，我去购物了。The water here is not good, so I drink coffee instead. 这里的水不好，
16、所以我改喝咖啡。4. -We have a lot of rules at my house. 我们家有很多规定。-So do we. 我们家也是。 （Section A, 3a）So do we.是倒装句。“so + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语” 倒装句型表示前者所述的情况同样适用于后者，意思是 “也是如此”。注意在时态上和前面一句保持一致。如：I like swimming, and so does he. 我喜欢游泳，他也喜欢游泳。She can speak Russian. So can her sister. 她会讲俄语，她姐姐也会。【拓展】当前面一句是否定句时，用“neit
17、her/nor + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语”，表示后者同前者一样，意为“也不”。如：I dont have a computer. Neither does she. 我没有电脑。她也没有。We have never been to Tokyo before. Neither have they. 我们以前没去过东京。他们也没去过。“so + 主语+ 助动词/系动词/情态动词 ”句型，用来加强语气，表示赞同。意思是“的确如此”。如：-Its too hot today. 今天太热了。-So it is. 的确如此。 5. We think young people should l
18、ook smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes.我们想年轻人应该看起来漂亮潇洒，因此我们想穿自己的衣服。（Section B,3a）（1）形容词 smart 意为“聪明的，机敏的，精明的”，相当于 clever。The dolphin is a smart animal. 海豚是聪明的动物。He looks very smart in his suit. 他穿上他的西装看起来很帅气。（2）would like 意为“想要”，相当于 want，后面接名词或动词不定式。I would like a cup of coffee. 我想要杯
19、咖啡。I didnt want to go to the cinema. I would like to stay at home.我不想去看电影，我想呆在家里。 would like sb. to do sth.表示“想要某人做某事”。Id like you to help me with my homework. 我想要你帮助我做家庭作业。特别提示feel like 也可以译为“想要”，有时可以与 would like 替换；其后接名词或动词的-ing 形式。She feels like a good meal. 她想美美地吃一顿。I feel like seeing a film ton
20、ight. 我今晚想去看电影。6. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. 我们老师相信，如果我们那样做了，我们就会将注意力更多地集中在服装上，而不是学习上。（Section B,3a）（1）believe 是及物动词，意为“相信”，其后可跟名词或从句。I dont believe his story. 我不相信他的故事。I believe he told us the truth. 我认为他告诉我们的是真的。believe in 表
21、示“信任”（即 trust）。She doesnt believe in God. 她不信奉上帝。（2）在 that if.句中，that 放在 believe 后面用来引导一个宾语从句，而 if 则在宾语从句中引导一个条件状语从句，we would.则是条件状语从句中的主句。We are sure that if they come on time, they wont be in the rain.我们都确信，如果他们准时到的话，就不会被雨淋了。（3）动词 concentrate 常常构成 concentrate（.）on sth，表示“专心致志（于某件事），精神集中，全神贯注（做某事）”
22、。I cant concentrate on my work when Im hungry. 我饿了就无法集中精力工作。We must concentrate our attention on efficiency. 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。7. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy. 那将是让老师和同学们都感到满意的方法。（Section B,3a）句中的 to keep happy 是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰前面的名词 way。如：I have some shores to do this
23、 morning. 今天上午我有一些家务要做。keep 的用法：keep sb./sth + adj. 表示“使保持”。句中 both teachers and students 是 to keep 的宾语，形容词happy 为其宾语补足语。如：Take my coat. It will keep you warm. 拿上我的大衣，它会使你暖和些。【拓展】keep 后面还可以加介词短语、副词、v. -ing 形式、过去分词作宾语补足语，意思是“使保持某种状态”。The work kept him in the office for a whole week. 他因工作在办公室呆了整整一个星期。
24、Ill try not to keep you waiting.我会尽量不让你久等。Well keep you informed as soon as possible. 我们会尽快让你们了解情况的。8. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. 我知道我们有时很吵，但是我们相互之间可以学到很多东西。（Section B,3a）（1）本句中的 learn.from 意为“向学习”。We used to learn English from Da Shan. 我们以前常常跟大山学英语。He never l
25、earns from his mistakes. 他从来不从错误中吸取教训。4learn to do sth “学习，学会做某事 ”。Im learning to keep rabbits. 我正学着养兔子。How did Bill Gates learn to work out a software programme?比尔盖茨是怎样学会设计软件程序的？（2）each other 意为“互相”，通常指两者之间，在句中用作宾语、定语等。You and I understand each other perfectly. 你我彼此很了解。The two girls often help each
26、 other in their lessons. 这两个女孩经常在功课上互相帮助。9. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital. 去年夏天，我有机会在一家当地医院做志愿者。（Section B,3a）（1）本句中的 volunteer 是动词，表示“自愿做某事，当志愿者”等意思。Thousands of men volunteered when the war broke out.战争爆发时，成千上万的人当了志愿兵。We volunteered to raise the money. 我们志愿募捐。
27、特别提示volunteer 作名词时表示“自愿做工或无偿做工的人，志愿者”。This work costs us nothing. Its all done by volunteers. 这项工作我们没有花一点钱，全是由志愿人员完成的。（2）local 是形容词，意为 “本地的，地方的 ”，在句中用作定语。Following the national news we have the local news and weather. 国内新闻之后是本地新闻和天气预报。Shes a local girl. 她是本地姑娘。特别提示local 用作名词时，通常用复数形式，意思是“本地人，当地人”。Th
28、e locals like to visit friends on weekends. 当地人喜欢周末访友。10. I would like to reply to the article “Helping and Learning” in your last newsletter.我想回答你们上期简讯上“帮与学”这篇文章中的问题。（Self Check 2）句中的 reply 意为 “回答，应答”，一般只用作不及物动词，后面与 to 连用，表示“回答别人的问题、话语、信件等”。He didnt reply to my letter. 他没有给我回信。How can you reply to
29、my questions? 你如何回答我的问题呢？11. “I know my parents care about me, ”he says.“我知道父母关心我， ”他说。（Reading ）句中的 care about 为及物动词短语，意为“关心，在乎，介意”，其后接名词或代词。The girl never cares about others. 那个女孩从不关心别人。She didnt care about anything people might say. 人们说什么她都不在乎。12. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dr
30、eam. 只有那时，我才有机会实现我的梦想。（Reading）这是一个倒装句。“Only + 状语（或从句）”位于句首时，句子应用倒装语序，其语序是：Only + 状语（或从句）+ 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它。再如：Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation was. 只有那时，我才意识到情况有多么危险。六. 语法：被动语态1. “语态 ”表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有“两态”的说法，即主动语态和被动语态，本单元中反复出现的 should be allowed 就是一个含有情态动词（should
31、 ）的被动语态。先看几个基本概念：主语是动作的发出者为主动语态主语是动作的接受者为被动语态只有及物动词才有被动语态。2. 被动语态的构成（1）请大家看图The office is cleaned every day . The office was cleaned yesterday. Compare active and passive：动作的接受者 the office 成了句子的主语，就应该用被动语态。从上面的例句我们可以总结：一般现在时的被动语态为：主am / is / are （not）过去分词5一般过去时的被动语态为：主was / were 过去分词如：English is spo
32、ken in the world. This house was built 100 years ago. 如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后面需接 by ，译为 “被（由）”如：We were woken up by a loud noise . 我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒。（2）请看图从上面的例子中我们可以看出，现在进行时被动语态的构成为：主语is / am / are + being 过去分词再如：My car is being repaired now. Some new houses are being built near the park. 含有情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词be
33、过去分词Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes.The flowers should be watered every day.Water can be changed into ice by us.The English homework must be handed in this afternoon.这里我们列举了几个主要时态，那么其它时态呢？一般将来时 主语will be 过去分词现在完成时 主语have / has been 过去分词过去将来时 主语would / should + be 过去分词过去进行时 主语wa
34、s / were + being 过去分词过去完成时 主语had + been +过去分词3. 被动语态的用法：（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用“by动作执行者”的短语Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。I havent been told about it . 没有人告诉我这件事。（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用 by 短语。The cup was broken by David. （3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型Its / was said / believed / reported / + that It
35、s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。 4. 主动语态变为被动语态把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：（1）把原句中的宾语变为主语（2）动词改为被动形式，即 be+过去分词（3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在 by 后面，如果没必要，可省略。5. 被动语态的几种类型（1）有两个宾语的句子的被动语态（直接宾语，间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语保留原位。直接宾语改为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前加介词 to /for。
36、He gave the boy an apple.The boy was given an apple. An apple was given to the boy.6Her father bought her a present.She was bought a present by her father.A present was bought for her by her father.（2）不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态改为被动语态时，省略的 to 要加上。常考的动词有 make, let, have, see, watch, notice, hearsb be mad
37、e/ let/ had/ seen/ watched/ notice/ heard/ to do sthThey heard the children sing that morning. The children were heard to sing that morning.The teacher made the little boy stand in the classroom. The little boy was made to stand in the classroom by the teacher.（3）含有短语的主动语态变被动语态不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的
38、不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。They take good care of my child. My child is taken good care of .I turned off the radio. The radio was turned off （by me ）.（4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。We call him Xiao Wang. He is called X
39、iao Wang. They told him to help me. He was told to help me.6. 被动语态的几种特殊情况。（1）不及物动词不能用于被动语态。常考查的不及物动词有 happen, take place, come out,appear 等。（2）sell, write, wear, wash, open, close 等与副词 well, easily 等连用，主动表示被动。若无 well, easily 等修饰，则用主动语态。These books sell well.This kind of cloth washes wellThe door ope
40、ns （closes）easily.These books are sold in the bookshop.（3）look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem 等连系动词后加形容词作表语，主动形式表被动。The fish tastes nice.The paper feels soft.（4）need The bike needs repairing.The bike needs to be repaired.【典型例题】被动语态专项练习单项选择 1. Good books _ _ again and again.A. be read B. should be
41、read C. must read D. should read 2. The children _ _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked 3. When_ _ the accident _ _ ?A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened 4. The lab _ _ about five years ago.A. was build B. was built C. builds D. has bee
42、n built 5. The picture_ in October, 1996.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken 6. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are made to workC. made to be worked D. are making to work 7. This English song _ often _ by the children.A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sun
43、g 8. Marys radio _ by my brother just now.A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended 9. Your exercise books _ after class.A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in 10. Some trees may _ at other times of the year.A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be pl
44、anted II. 句型转换11. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.（改为一般疑问句）sixteen-year-olds to drive?12. Teenagers should be allowed to wear that earring.（改为否定句）Teenagers allowed to wear that earring.13. I think the work should be done at once. （改为否定句）I think the work be done at once. 14. We shouldnt
45、allow the students to stay up until midnight.（改为被动句）The students to stay up until midnight.15. The English homework must be handed in this afternoon. （改为主动句）We the English homework this afternoon.答案：15 BCBBC 610BBCDA 11. Should; be allowed 12. shouldnt be 13. dont; should 14. shouldnt be allowed 15.
46、 must hand in 中考聚焦7考点 1. allow People are not （allow ）to smoke in some public places.（2006 福建福州）I dont think students should be （允许）to bring mobile phones to school. （2006 宁夏）【要点简析】allow“允许；准许”，短语有 allow sb. to do sth. （= let sb. do sth.）/ allow doing sth. 。被动句中用 be allowed to do 应分别填写 allowed。考点 2.
47、 so 句型People in England rest two days a week. .（2006 云南昆明）A. So Chinese are B. So are Chinese C. So do Chinese D. So Chinese do【要点简析】“so + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语”，表示前者所述的情况同样适用于后者，在时态上和前面一句保持一致。选 C。考点 3. instead of 与 insteadId like to listen to music watching a bad TV program. （2006 福建福州）【要点简析】instead of
48、 是短语介词。 instead 是副词，单独用于句末。应填写 instead of。考点 4. agree withI think physics is very difficult to learn. Do you me?（2006 山西）A. deal with B. get along with C. agree with【要点简析】agree with“同意”， 后面常跟 sb., idea, suggestion 等作宾语。deal with“处理；应付”，get along with“与相处”。选 C。考点 5. eight hours sleepMy school isnt far from here. Its only walk. （2006 黑龙江哈尔滨）A. fifteen minutes B. fifteen minutes C. fifteen minutes【要点简析】以-s 结尾的复数名词的所有格
