1、诗歌翻译之 古典诗歌翻译,诗歌的概念及其特征 古典诗歌的审美特征古典诗歌的翻译原则,诗歌的概念及其特征,诗歌的概念-诗歌原是诗与歌的总称，诗和音乐、舞蹈结合在一起，统称为诗歌。,-诗歌是一种抒情言志的文学体裁。富有节奏。 “诗者，志之所在也。在心为志，发言为诗”。“诗者，吟咏性情也”。a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to its apparent meaning,“Poetry is what get lost in tr
2、anslation”-Frost(American poet)诗歌就是翻译中丢失的东西,诗歌的基本特征-形式的独特性-表述的凝练性 -语言的音乐性-意义的含蓄性,40-爱情（麦克高夫）中 年夫 妇在 打网 球游 戏完 后他 们回 家球 网仍 在他 们之 间,L(a)-E E CummingsL (aLeaffalls)Oneliness,L ( a leaf falls) oneliness,中国古典诗歌的分类-叙事诗-抒情诗-送别诗-边塞诗-山水田园诗-咏史诗-咏物诗-悼亡诗-讽喻诗,西方古典诗歌分类-Narrative poetry-Dramatic poetry-Satirical po
3、etry-Lyric poetry-Elegy,Goethe,Geoffrey Chaucer,Pushkin,To telle yow al the condicioun, Of ech of hem, so as it semed me, And whiche they weren, and of what degree, And eek in what array that they were inne, And at a knyght than wol I first bigynne.-The General Prologue ofThe Canterbury Tales,A Red
4、Red Rose-Robert Burns O, my Luves like a red, red rose Thats newly sprung in June; O, my Luves like the melodie, Thats sweetly playd in tune. As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, So deep in luve am I; And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a the seas gang dry.Till a the seas gang dry, my dear,And th
5、e rocks melt wi the sun;,古典诗歌的审美特征,-节奏与格律-音韵 -意象-反常化,Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion
6、dimmd; And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or natures changing course untrimmd; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest: So long as men can breath
7、e, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.,关雎关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。参差荇菜，左右芼之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。,中英诗歌互译简史,英诗汉译 -19世纪末20世纪初，严复和辜鸿铭最早开始介绍西方诗歌 -五四时期开始大规模翻译西方诗歌胡适 ：“诗体大解放”郭沫若，郑振铎，徐志摩，闻一多，朱生豪，梁宗岱王佐良等飞鸟集，雪莱诗选哥德诗选及惠特曼、拜伦、莎士比亚等诗歌,汉诗英
8、译 -始于19世纪，英汉学家理雅阁（James Legge）翻译了诗经 英汉学家翟理事（Herbert Allen Giles）把唐诗译成英语的韵文中诗英译 -20世纪初，庞德（Pound）翻译了诗经大学中庸 -20世纪80年代，许渊冲苏东坡诗词新译李白诗选诗经宋词三百首毛泽东诗词选等,古典诗歌的翻译原则,音美具有原诗的节奏美韵律美 形美具有原诗的形式美 意美具有原诗的意义、意境美,许渊冲的“翻译创作论”诗词翻译要创造性地传达原作的“意美，音美，形美”；好的翻译等于创作，但并不是“随心所欲”的翻译，而是“从心所欲，不逾矩”,翻译不是一只素描的笔，而是一颗燃烧的心。不仅要译出眼泪，还要译出悲哀；
9、不仅要译出笑声，还要译出欢乐；不仅要译出拍案而起，还要译出义愤填膺；不仅要译出效命疆场，还要译出赤胆忠心；不仅要译出有形之事物，还要译出无形之情操”-埃文翻译与情操,“诗散体译” “诗不可译” “诗可译，但难译”格律典故、人名、地名,春晓 - 唐孟浩然 春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。 夜来风雨声，花落知多少。,Late! This spring morning as I wake I know. All round me the birds are crying, crying. The storm last night, I sensed its fury. How many, I wonder,
10、 are fallen, poor dear flowers. -翁显良,Waking on a spring morn after a sleep tight and sound,I hear birds in the trees chirping and cheeping all around.There was a rainstream last night, sweeping across here, What a lot of buffeted flowers are scattered on the ground.-丁衡祁,I awake light-hearted this mo
11、rning of spring, Everywhere round me the singing of birds. But now I remember the night, the storms, And I wonder how many blossoms were broken.-Bynner,Seperation on the River Kiang Ko-jin goes west from Ko-kaku-ro, The smoke-flowers are blurred over the river. His lone sail blots the far sky. And n
12、ow I see only the river, The long Kiang, reaching heaven.-Pound,Seeing Meng Haoran off at the Yellow Crane Tower My friend has left the west where the Yellow Crane Tower For River Town veiled in green willows and red flowers. His lessening sail is lost in the boundless blue sky, Where I see but the
13、endless River rolling by. -许渊冲,黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵李白故人西辞黄鹤楼，烟花三月下扬州。孤帆远影碧空尽，唯见长江天际流。,林语堂的五美：音美，意美，神美，气美，形美寻寻觅觅， 冷冷清清， 凄凄惨惨戚戚。-李清照声声慢so dim, so dark,so dense, so dull,so damp, so dank, so dead!-林译,I look for what I miss, I know not what it is, I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer.(许一译)I seek but
14、seek in vain, I search and search again I feel so sad, so drear So lonely, without cheer.(许二译),My Heart Leaps Up My Heart Leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky; So was it when my life began; So is it now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old, Or let me die! The Child is father of the Man; And I could wish my days to be Bound each to each by natural piety. - William Wordsworth,我心欢跳我心欢跳，每当看见彩虹飞挂天边： 人生之初心如此； 而今成年情不变； 此情弥笃到老年， 否则，不如死去！ 三岁孩童百岁心; 但愿有生之光阴天天充满着对自然的虔诚。-张保红,彩虹挂天空，怦然吾心动；幼时即如此，成年亦相同；耄耋若有变，即可入坟冢！童者人之父；但愿此一生，天然伴虔诚。-猎人,Put the best wordsin the best orders!,音美最难传达，形美次之，而意美再次。,
