1、高考常见的几种 “结构”,Multiple Choice 解题技巧,一、独立主格结构,独立主格结构有一个独立的主格名词或代词(作逻辑主语)加上分词(现在分词或过去分词),形容词,副词,介词短语或不定式等构成.起状语作用,相当一个状语从句.,1._,they will go and visit the zoo.A. Weather permittingB. Weather permittedC. Weather being permittedD. Weather having permitted(Shanghai 86),A,If the weather permits, they will g
2、o and visit the zoo.,2.The meeting _over, we all left the room and drove home. (Shanghai 87)A. is B. to beC. being D. would be,C,After the meeting was over, we all left the room and drove home.,独立主格结构还有以下几种构成方式(4种)：1.名词（或主语代词）+过去分词He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 2.名词（或主语代词）+形容词
3、The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming.,3.名词（或主语代词）+介词短语Flag on shoulder, the soldiers rushed to the top of the building. 4.名词（或主语代词）+副词The class (being) over, the students handed in their papers.,practice,1)_, we decided to go for an outing.A. Weather permittingB. Weather permittedC. If the
4、weather is fineD. Weather being so fine,D,Because the weather was fine, we decided to go for an outing.,If the weather permits, we will decide to go for an outing.,2)_, there is no school.A. It is SundayB. It was SundayC. It will be SundayD. It being Sunday,D,It is Sunday, so there is no school. Bec
5、ause it is Sunday, there is no school.,3)The experiment_, they left the laboratory.A. had been doneB. was doneC. having doneD. done,D,After the experiment was done (had been done), they left the laboratory.,4)The last bus _, we had to walk home.A. has goneB. had goneC. goneD. having gone,D,Because t
6、he last bus had gone, we had to walk home.,5)Night_, we started on our way home.A. setting inB. set inC. had set inD. has set in,A,When night had set in, we started on our way home.,6)He was lying on the grass, his hands _ under his head.A. crossingB. crossedC. were crossingD. were crossed,B,He was
7、lying on the grass and his hands were crossed under his head.,二 、“with+复合宾语”结构,这是独立主格的一种变形,也多作状语, 表示伴随,状态,原因,条件等.有时还可作 定语.形式为： “with+名词(或代词)+宾语补足语”.,1.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tied D. tiedMET 91,D,2.For miles around me there w
8、as nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree _.A. in sightB. on earthC. at a distanceD. in place(Shanghai 97),A,在该结构中，能作宾补的除以上的过去分词和介词短语外,还有副词，形容词，现在分词等。如： With the old man leading, the two started towards the mountains. The square looks more beautiful than ever with all the lights on. He
9、 went away without a word more spoken.,practice,1)With all the children _ at home during the holidays she has a great deal of work to do.A. being B. wereC. having been D. was,A,2)_ all his friends and money gone, he felt totally hopeless.A. For B. Because ofC. With D. But for,C,Because of all his fr
10、iends and money having gone, he felt totally hopeless.,3)The young woman got on the bus, _.A. baby in an armB. with a baby in her armsC. with her baby in armD. her baby in the arm,B,= baby in arm,三、动名词结构,一个动名词短语前可以加上一个物主代词或名词所有格,来表示这个动名词的逻辑上的主语.这种结构称为动名词结构.它通常用作主语,宾语,表语.,1.How about the two of us _
11、a walk down the garden?A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking(MET 93),C,2.I can hardly imagine Peter_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. sail B. to sailC. sailingD. to have sailed(MET 91),C,3.He has always insisted on his _ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.A. been calledB. calledC. having
12、calledD. being called,D,4.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to callB. you callC. your callingD. youre calling(NMET 92),C,1.这一结构不处于句首,常常用人称代词宾格,或名词普通格,代替物主代词和名词所有格.I dont like them smoking.I remember mother telling us a story about a fox. 2.如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的东西,只用普通格.Is there any hope of o
13、ur team winning the game? 3.当动名词有一个以上的逻辑主语,亦只用普通格.He suggested Hanz and Paul going on a camping.,1)The old mans_ pity on the snake led to his own death.A. take B. takingC. beingD. have,B,2)Tom insisted _ to the party.A. on me to comeB. on my comingC. me to comeD. me coming,B,3)_ doesnt necessarily m
14、ean my being wrong.A. You are rightB. You being rightC. Your being rightD. You to be right,C,4)_ made the situation extremely hard for us.A. Li Ming had leftB. Li Ming leftC. Li Ming having leftD. Li Mings having left,D,5)What I worried about was _.A. they not having studied wellB. they hadnt studie
15、d wellC. their not having studied wellD. not their having studied well,C,四 、“疑问句+不定式”结构,“疑问句+不定式”结构相当于一个名词,常用在tell/advise/show/find out /decide/discuss/learn/forget等动词或介词后作宾语.,1.Last summer I took a course on _.A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressedD. how dresses to be
16、 made (MET 90),A,2.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind _ to buy.A. whatB. whichC. howD. where(NMET 92),B,该结构亦可作主语,且常作单数看待. When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided.,A,has not bee
17、n decided,1)The question _has been worrying him recently.A. where is to goB. where to goC. where to go toD. where was he to go,B,practice,2)We must work out a plan on _ with the rubbish as soon as possible.A. what to doB. what to dealC. how doingD. how dealing,A,3)I didnt know _ him or not.A. whethe
18、r to helpB. if to helpC. to helpD. if that I would help,A,4)Do you know _ the repairs?A. to doB. how to doC. to makeD. how to make,B,5)_ this experiment is known to us.A. Who to doB. Whom to doC. How to doD. What to do,C,6)The question was _ to take the children to the theatre or to leave them at ho
19、me.A. howB. howeverC. if D. whether,D,五、插入语结构,插入语一般仅对一句话作一些附加的解释和说明,而与句子的其他成分之间没有语法上的关系.常见的插入语结构有: I think / I hope / Im afraid / I believe / I suppose/ you see / you know / do you think / do you know.,1.Which do you think tastes _, the chicken or the fish?A. wellB. goodC. betterD. best(MET 96),C,2.
20、 We havent heard from Jane for a long time?- What do you suppose_ to her?A. was happeningB. to happenC. has happenedD. having happened(MET 91),C,此外一些不定式短语to tell you the truth; 现在分词短语strictly speaking, judging from/by也可用作插入结构.,1)_ from this fact, he must be an honest man.A. JudgingB. JudgedC. Judges
21、D. Judge,A,practice,Judging from/by , Speaking of, Talking of , Frankly speaking.,2)Generally speaking, the _ are respected by common people.A. learningB. learnedC. learnD. being learn,B,learned 博学的,3) What do you think made Mary so upset?- _ her new bicycle? (Shanghai 97)A. As she lostB. LostC. Los
22、ingD. Because of losing,C,Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.,六 、“There be”结构,“There be+ 名词词组(+状语)”结构,1._ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.A. It has B. There hasC. It isD. There is(Shanghai 91),D,2._ a certain doubt among the students as to the nec
23、essity of the work.A. It existedB. There existedC. They hadD. There had,B,“There be”结构有各种变体There live/stand/come/lie/remain/exist.“There be”的习惯用法There is no use/good/point/hurry.,“There be”结构有其非谓语形式:He doesnt want there to be any work to do.He was pleased at there being some money left.There being nothing to do, they went out for a play.,
