1、Quiz: Which word is the longest word in the world? What about the shortest one? Is word the minimal unit in the English language? Yes or No?,Chapter II Morpheme,Morpheme(词素, 语素) is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not dividable or analyzable into smaller forms. A word consists of
2、 one or more than one morpheme. 1: a, water, nation, simultaneousencyclopedia,2: national, modernize, clearly (lovely, lively, friendly, miserly, timely) 3: nationalize, uncomfortable 判断:deinternationalizationglobalizesunemployment,Classification of Morphemes,从结构上划分: 自由词素-粘着词素 Free morpheme: (自由词素)o
3、ne that can be uttered alone with meaning. It can exist on its own. In the traditional sense, it is a word. e.g. boy, girl, read, write,Bound morpheme: (粘着词素)can not stand by itself as a complete utterance; it must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound. e.g. un- in unhappy -ly in sl
4、owly -ed in worked,从另一角度划分: (侧重词汇意义)词根-词缀root : (词根)basic unchangeable part of a word; it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.( The teachers convey their thoughts and feelings to the students. )(grammatical meaning: bags) e.g. work in working, worked, worker,Affixes:(词缀) can be used only wh
5、en added to another morpheme, so affixes are bound morphemes.起润色作用, 辅助词根, 对意思造成影响,词根的分类： a. Free root: (自由词根) roots are free morphemes modernize excitement miniskirt b. Bound root: (粘着词根) roots derived from foreign sources, Latin or Greek. (较难, 只有不断背诵,积累, 但确实有助于记忆一些单词),1) -logue: writing or speaking
6、 of something 谈话, 写作有关 dialogue, monologue, catalogue, travelogue, prologue, epiloguethe epilogue of Hamlet,Wuthering Heights Jane Eyre Oliver Twist A Tale of Two Cities Pride and Prejudice2) -tain “to hold” contain, detain, retain,词缀的分类： a. 从结构上分: prefix (前缀)semifinal, antislavery, subhealth, unimp
7、ortant, bicycle 前缀往往改变意思,而不改变词性, 其中著名的有 “数字前缀” “特殊含义前缀” 等, 今后用专题详细论述suffix (后缀)slowly, animation, eatable,(examination, classification, explanation, donation) ( drinkable, usable, moveable, manageable 表示能够) 后缀往往改变词性, 核心意思没有根本改变, 核心意思的衍变 Infix (中缀) 很少提, 不要求掌握前缀比后缀重要, 要求多背有用前缀,对扩大词汇量有很重要的作用, 今后将专门论述重点
8、前缀,b. 从语法功能和用途上分:inflectional affix (屈折词缀) 说白了就是所有与语法项目有关的词缀walks , walking, walked, cleaner, cleanest, eaten, cats ( rain cats and dogs ) derivational affix (派生词缀) 接触较多, 能派生出新单词的所有词缀,屈折词缀只是很少一部分,剩下都是派生词缀, 词缀中前缀是重点中重点. 综合练习:deinternationalizesmorpheme, free, bound, root (free? bound?), affix (prefix, suffix), inflectional, derivational,词根一定是自由词素吗 粘着词素一定是词缀吗 词缀一定是粘着词素吗 自由词素一定是词根吗,
