1、cation2,anddisciplineeducationthirdarticleproductionknowledgeeducation1,andcoalproductionprocess2,andproductionprocessandthemainproductionequipmentintroducedfourtharticlesecurityeducation:1,andminesecuritymethodandminesecuritymethodimplementationOrdinanceinthebygivesworkersofrightandobligations;2,mi
2、nesafetyregulationsandopen-pitminesafetymanagementregulations;3,safetyknowledgerelevanttoitswork;4intheproductionprocess,varioussignsofrecognition,andemergencymeasureswhenthereisacriticalemergencyandevacuationroutes;5,accidentrescue,self-helpandknowledgeaboutfirstaid;6,labourprotectionprovisions,and
3、soon.Articlefifthideologicaleducation:workethicsanddedicationeducationb,new(transfer)stafftrainingfornewstaff(newtransferofficer)andtheintroductionofnewtechnologyofpersonnel,trainingnewminesafetyeducationpartofthetrainingofpersonnel.Third,newtrainingofminepersonneltimenewminingpersonneltrainingtimei
4、s40hours;newstaff(newtransferofficer)andstafftraininginnewtechnologyjobsfor30hours.Anduponpassingtheexaminationbeforetheycanpost.Four,theexternaltraininginaccordancewiththeneedsofemployees,underthetrainingofunitsandthecompanytrainingcentercannot,tohaveaplantoarrangeallkindsoftargetedstaffonparticipa
5、tioninvarioustechnicalandprofessionaltrainingcoursesandworkplaceattachmenttraining.Andcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:articlesixthoutoftrainingpriortotherequiredcompanytrainingcenteroutproposedtrainingplan,includingtrainingcontent,size,location,cost,etc.Andadministeredbytheaudit,supervisorapprovalb
6、eforeimplementation.Unifiedcontactseventhoutoftrainingbymine,responsibleforsigningcontractsoragreements.Articleeighthoutoftrainingpersonnel,mustobeytheleaderofmanagementdosomethingoff,tostrictlyobservetherulesandregulationsofcommissionedunits,becauseIcausedeconomiclossorimage,dependingontheseriousne
7、ssofthepenaltyoradministrativeaction.Ninethouttrainersmustbetargeted,accordingtothetrainingplanandlearntomasterthetrainingcontent.Trainingduringtheexaminationfailed,stoppingallduringtraining.Personstoparticipateinvarioustrainingcoursesofthetentharticle,uponcompletionoftrainingneedstrainingcertificat
8、eorgraduationcertificateandexaminationresultstothemineandcompanytrainingcentresfortherecord,nocertificatesandgrades,towritealearningortrainingarenotqualified,stoppedtrainingAllbonuses.11thoutoftreatmentfortrainingpersonnelandlaborrespectively,accordingtotherelevantregulations.Informationonfees,lectu
9、refeesapprovedbytheMineUnifiedauditreportclaims.Safetymanagementsysteminordertoseriouslyimplementthe“safetyandpreventionfirst“approach,accordingto“whosincharge,whoisresponsiblefor“theprincipleofstrengtheningsafeproductionmanagementbyobjectives,maximizecontrolofvarioustypesofaccidentsfromhappening,ac
10、hievethegoalofensuringsecurity,thesystemisformulated.Firstarticlesecuritytargetofdevelopedaccordingtocoalin2013 年证券从业资格考试证券市场基础知识考点汇总第一章：证券市场概述第一节 证券与证券市场一、有价证券(一)有价证券的定义1、有价证券是标有票面金额，用于证明持有人或该证券指定的特定主体对特定财产拥有所有权或债权的凭证，本身没有价值2、有价证券是虚拟资本的一种形式虚拟资本：以有价证券形式存在，并能给持有人带来一定收益的资本虚拟资本的价格总额并不等于所代表的真实资本的帐面价格，甚至
11、与真实资本的重置价格也不一定相等，其变化并不完全反映实际资本额的变化(二)有价证券的分类1、狭义的有价证券：资本证券2、广义的有价证券：商品证券、货币证券、资本证券(1)商品证券：提货单、运货单、仓库栈单(2)货币证券:商业证券、商业汇票、商业本票商业证券：商业汇票、商业本票银行证券：银行汇票、银行本票、支票(3)资本证券：由金融投资或与金融投资有直接联系的活动而产生的证券3、按证券发行主体不同分类(1)政府证券国债：中央政府发行的债券地方债：地方债权发行的债券 (目前尚不允许特区政府以外的地方政府发债 )(2)政府机构证券：政府（铁道部）支持债券和政府支持机构债券（中央汇金公司）(3)公司证
12、券：股票、公司债券、商业票据 银行及非银行金融机构发行的证券称为金融债券4、按是否在证交所挂牌交易分类(1)上市证券 经过主管核准和交易所同意(2)非上市证券：凭证式国债、储蓄国债、普通开放式基金份额、非上市公司的股票5、按募集方式分类(1)公募证券：不特定和严格(2)私募证券：少数特定，不采取公示制度信托投资公司发行的信托计划商业银行和证券公司发行的理财计划上市公司定向增发发行的有价证券6、按证券所代表的权利性质分类(1)股票(2)债券(3)其他证券：基金证券、证券衍生产品 (金融期货、金融期权、可转换证券、权证)(三)有价证券的特征收益性、流动性、风险性、期限性 (股票没有期限，可视为无期
13、证券)cation2,anddisciplineeducationthirdarticleproductionknowledgeeducation1,andcoalproductionprocess2,andproductionprocessandthemainproductionequipmentintroducedfourtharticlesecurityeducation:1,andminesecuritymethodandminesecuritymethodimplementationOrdinanceinthebygivesworkersofrightandobligations;2
14、,minesafetyregulationsandopen-pitminesafetymanagementregulations;3,safetyknowledgerelevanttoitswork;4intheproductionprocess,varioussignsofrecognition,andemergencymeasureswhenthereisacriticalemergencyandevacuationroutes;5,accidentrescue,self-helpandknowledgeaboutfirstaid;6,labourprotectionprovisions,
15、andsoon.Articlefifthideologicaleducation:workethicsanddedicationeducationb,new(transfer)stafftrainingfornewstaff(newtransferofficer)andtheintroductionofnewtechnologyofpersonnel,trainingnewminesafetyeducationpartofthetrainingofpersonnel.Third,newtrainingofminepersonneltimenewminingpersonneltrainingti
16、meis40hours;newstaff(newtransferofficer)andstafftraininginnewtechnologyjobsfor30hours.Anduponpassingtheexaminationbeforetheycanpost.Four,theexternaltraininginaccordancewiththeneedsofemployees,underthetrainingofunitsandthecompanytrainingcentercannot,tohaveaplantoarrangeallkindsoftargetedstaffonpartic
17、ipationinvarioustechnicalandprofessionaltrainingcoursesandworkplaceattachmenttraining.Andcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:articlesixthoutoftrainingpriortotherequiredcompanytrainingcenteroutproposedtrainingplan,includingtrainingcontent,size,location,cost,etc.Andadministeredbytheaudit,supervisorapprov
18、albeforeimplementation.Unifiedcontactseventhoutoftrainingbymine,responsibleforsigningcontractsoragreements.Articleeighthoutoftrainingpersonnel,mustobeytheleaderofmanagementdosomethingoff,tostrictlyobservetherulesandregulationsofcommissionedunits,becauseIcausedeconomiclossorimage,dependingontheseriou
19、snessofthepenaltyoradministrativeaction.Ninethouttrainersmustbetargeted,accordingtothetrainingplanandlearntomasterthetrainingcontent.Trainingduringtheexaminationfailed,stoppingallduringtraining.Personstoparticipateinvarioustrainingcoursesofthetentharticle,uponcompletionoftrainingneedstrainingcertifi
20、cateorgraduationcertificateandexaminationresultstothemineandcompanytrainingcentresfortherecord,nocertificatesandgrades,towritealearningortrainingarenotqualified,stoppedtrainingAllbonuses.11thoutoftreatmentfortrainingpersonnelandlaborrespectively,accordingtotherelevantregulations.Informationonfees,le
21、cturefeesapprovedbytheMineUnifiedauditreportclaims.Safetymanagementsysteminordertoseriouslyimplementthe“safetyandpreventionfirst“approach,accordingto“whosincharge,whoisresponsiblefor“theprincipleofstrengtheningsafeproductionmanagementbyobjectives,maximizecontrolofvarioustypesofaccidentsfromhappening
22、,achievethegoalofensuringsecurity,thesystemisformulated.Firstarticlesecuritytargetofdevelopedaccordingtocoalin二、证券市场：(一)证券市场的特征1、证券市场是价值直接交换的场所2、证券市场是财产权利直接交换的场所3、证券市场是风险直接交换的场所(二)证券市场的结构1、层次结构：按证券进入市场的顺序而形成的结构关系(1)发行市场：又称“ 一级市场”、 “初级市场”(2)交易市场：又称“ 二级市场”、 “流通市场”、 “次级市场”流通市场的交易价格制约和影响证券的发行价格，是证券发行时要考
23、虑的重要因素(3)根据服务和覆盖的上市公司类型，分为全球性市场、全国性市场、区域性市场(4)根据发行规模、监管要求，分为主板市场、二板市场(创业板或高新企业板)(5)根据交易方式，分为集中交易市场、柜台市场(或代办转让)2、品种结构：根据有价证券的品种形成的结构关系(1)股票市场(2)债券市场(3)基金市场封闭式基金：证交所挂牌交易开放式基金：投资者向基金管理公司申购和赎回实现流通转让交易所交易基金(ETF)、上市开放式基金(LOF) ，使开方式基金也可以在交易所市场挂牌交易(4)衍生产品市场3、交易场所结构：按交易活动是否在固定场所进行(1)有形市场：又称“ 场内市场”(2)无形市场：又称“
24、 场外市场”、 “柜台市场”(“OTC 市场” ，over the counter)(3)目前场内市场与场外市场之间的截然划分已经不复存在(三)证券市场的基本功能：国民经济的“晴雨表”1、筹资-投资功能证券市场交易的任何证券，既是筹资的工具，也使投资的工具2、资本定价功能证券的价格实际是证券代表的资本的价格3、资本配置功能通过证券价格引导资本的流动从而实现资本合理配置的功能第 2 节 证券市场参与者一、证券发行人(一)公司(企业)1、企业的组织形式：独资企业、公司制企业、合伙企业（现代公司制，股份有限公司）2、发行股票筹集的资本属于自有资本;发行债券筹集的资本属于借入资本3、发行股票、长期债券
25、是筹集长期资本的主要途径;发行短期债券是补充流动资金的重要手段4、公司(企业)对长期资本的需求将越来越大5、英美国家将金融机构发行的证券归入公司债券(基本是股份公司) ，我国、日本将金融机构发行的债券定义为金融债券(二)政府和政府机构1、中央政府债券(国债)被视为无风险证券，其证券收益率被称为无风险利率2、中央银行发行两类证券cation2,anddisciplineeducationthirdarticleproductionknowledgeeducation1,andcoalproductionprocess2,andproductionprocessandthemainproducti
26、onequipmentintroducedfourtharticlesecurityeducation:1,andminesecuritymethodandminesecuritymethodimplementationOrdinanceinthebygivesworkersofrightandobligations;2,minesafetyregulationsandopen-pitminesafetymanagementregulations;3,safetyknowledgerelevanttoitswork;4intheproductionprocess,varioussignsofr
27、ecognition,andemergencymeasureswhenthereisacriticalemergencyandevacuationroutes;5,accidentrescue,self-helpandknowledgeaboutfirstaid;6,labourprotectionprovisions,andsoon.Articlefifthideologicaleducation:workethicsanddedicationeducationb,new(transfer)stafftrainingfornewstaff(newtransferofficer)andthei
28、ntroductionofnewtechnologyofpersonnel,trainingnewminesafetyeducationpartofthetrainingofpersonnel.Third,newtrainingofminepersonneltimenewminingpersonneltrainingtimeis40hours;newstaff(newtransferofficer)andstafftraininginnewtechnologyjobsfor30hours.Anduponpassingtheexaminationbeforetheycanpost.Four,th
29、eexternaltraininginaccordancewiththeneedsofemployees,underthetrainingofunitsandthecompanytrainingcentercannot,tohaveaplantoarrangeallkindsoftargetedstaffonparticipationinvarioustechnicalandprofessionaltrainingcoursesandworkplaceattachmenttraining.Andcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:articlesixthoutof
30、trainingpriortotherequiredcompanytrainingcenteroutproposedtrainingplan,includingtrainingcontent,size,location,cost,etc.Andadministeredbytheaudit,supervisorapprovalbeforeimplementation.Unifiedcontactseventhoutoftrainingbymine,responsibleforsigningcontractsoragreements.Articleeighthoutoftrainingperson
31、nel,mustobeytheleaderofmanagementdosomethingoff,tostrictlyobservetherulesandregulationsofcommissionedunits,becauseIcausedeconomiclossorimage,dependingontheseriousnessofthepenaltyoradministrativeaction.Ninethouttrainersmustbetargeted,accordingtothetrainingplanandlearntomasterthetrainingcontent.Traini
32、ngduringtheexaminationfailed,stoppingallduringtraining.Personstoparticipateinvarioustrainingcoursesofthetentharticle,uponcompletionoftrainingneedstrainingcertificateorgraduationcertificateandexaminationresultstothemineandcompanytrainingcentresfortherecord,nocertificatesandgrades,towritealearningortr
33、ainingarenotqualified,stoppedtrainingAllbonuses.11thoutoftreatmentfortrainingpersonnelandlaborrespectively,accordingtotherelevantregulations.Informationonfees,lecturefeesapprovedbytheMineUnifiedauditreportclaims.Safetymanagementsysteminordertoseriouslyimplementthe“safetyandpreventionfirst“approach,a
34、ccordingto“whosincharge,whoisresponsiblefor“theprincipleofstrengtheningsafeproductionmanagementbyobjectives,maximizecontrolofvarioustypesofaccidentsfromhappening,achievethegoalofensuringsecurity,thesystemisformulated.Firstarticlesecuritytargetofdevelopedaccordingtocoalin(1)中央银行股票：如美国，央行采用股份制结构，央行股东只
35、有红利分配权，无经营决策权，类似优先股(2)中央银行处于调控货币供给量而发行的特殊债券我国 2003 年开始发行中央银行票据（3 个月到 3 年不等）二、证券投资人(一)分为机构投资者和个人投资者两大类(二)机构投资者：政府机构、金融机构、企事业法人、各类基金1、政府机构(1)政府机构参与证券投资的目的似为了调剂资金余缺、进行宏观调控(2)各级政府和政府机构可以购买政府债券、金融债券投资于证券市场(3)中央银行，买卖政府债券、金融债券，影响货币供给量进行宏观调控(4)国资管理部门，持有国有股(5)政府还可成立或指定专门机构参与证券市场交易，维护金融稳定2、金融机构(1)证券经营机构证券自营业务
36、：可以投资股票、基金、认股权证、国债、公司企业债、其他证券资产管理业务（1）定向资产管理业务：为单以客户办理（2）集合资产管理业务：为多个客户办理特定目的专项资产管理业务(2)银行业金融机构包括：商业银行（城市信用合作社、农村信用合作社）政策性银行可用自有资金买卖政府债券和金融债券不得从事信托投资、证券经营业务不得向非自用不动产投资或者向非银行金融机构和企业投资因处置贷款质押资产而被动持有的股票，只能单向卖出可以向个人客户提供综合理财服务，向特定目标客户群销售理财计划（代）外商投资银行、中外合资银行，可以买卖政府债券、金融债券、买卖除股票以外的其他有价证券， （单项卖出）(3)保险经营机构可以
37、投资债券、股票、证券投资基金份额保险公司可以设立保险资产管理公司从事证券投资，还可运用受托管理的企业年金进行证券投资保险公司投资银行活期存款、政府债券、央票、政策性银行债券，货币市场基金，合计不低于总资产的 5%保险公司投资无担保的企业债公司债、非金融企业债务融资工具，不高于总资产的 20%投资股票和股票型基金，不高于总资产的 20%对其他企业实现控股的股权投资，累计投资成本不超过净资产(4)合格境外机构投资者(QFII)， （QDII 是合格境内机构投资者） ，人民币 RQFII QFII 是在货币没有实现完全可自由兑换、资本项目尚未完全开放的情况下，有限度的引进外资、开放资本市场的过渡性制
38、度我国合格境外机构投资者是指符合合格境外机构投资者境内证券投资管理办法的规定，经证监会批准，并取得国家外汇管理局额度批准的中国境外基金管理机构、保险公司、证券公司、其他资产管理机构。投资范围包括：证交所交易的股票、债券、证券投资基金、权证、证监会许可的其他金融工具可以参与新股发行、可转债发行、股票增发、配股合格境外机构投资者境内股票投资的持股比例限制：a 单个境外投资者通过合格境外机构投资者持有 1 家上市公司的股票不得超过该公司股份总数的 10%b 所有境外投资者对单个上市公司 A 股的持股比例总和，不超过该上市公司股份总数的 20%cation2,anddisciplineeducatio
39、nthirdarticleproductionknowledgeeducation1,andcoalproductionprocess2,andproductionprocessandthemainproductionequipmentintroducedfourtharticlesecurityeducation:1,andminesecuritymethodandminesecuritymethodimplementationOrdinanceinthebygivesworkersofrightandobligations;2,minesafetyregulationsandopen-pi
40、tminesafetymanagementregulations;3,safetyknowledgerelevanttoitswork;4intheproductionprocess,varioussignsofrecognition,andemergencymeasureswhenthereisacriticalemergencyandevacuationroutes;5,accidentrescue,self-helpandknowledgeaboutfirstaid;6,labourprotectionprovisions,andsoon.Articlefifthideologicale
41、ducation:workethicsanddedicationeducationb,new(transfer)stafftrainingfornewstaff(newtransferofficer)andtheintroductionofnewtechnologyofpersonnel,trainingnewminesafetyeducationpartofthetrainingofpersonnel.Third,newtrainingofminepersonneltimenewminingpersonneltrainingtimeis40hours;newstaff(newtransfer
42、officer)andstafftraininginnewtechnologyjobsfor30hours.Anduponpassingtheexaminationbeforetheycanpost.Four,theexternaltraininginaccordancewiththeneedsofemployees,underthetrainingofunitsandthecompanytrainingcentercannot,tohaveaplantoarrangeallkindsoftargetedstaffonparticipationinvarioustechnicalandprof
43、essionaltrainingcoursesandworkplaceattachmenttraining.Andcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:articlesixthoutoftrainingpriortotherequiredcompanytrainingcenteroutproposedtrainingplan,includingtrainingcontent,size,location,cost,etc.Andadministeredbytheaudit,supervisorapprovalbeforeimplementation.Unifiedco
44、ntactseventhoutoftrainingbymine,responsibleforsigningcontractsoragreements.Articleeighthoutoftrainingpersonnel,mustobeytheleaderofmanagementdosomethingoff,tostrictlyobservetherulesandregulationsofcommissionedunits,becauseIcausedeconomiclossorimage,dependingontheseriousnessofthepenaltyoradministrativ
45、eaction.Ninethouttrainersmustbetargeted,accordingtothetrainingplanandlearntomasterthetrainingcontent.Trainingduringtheexaminationfailed,stoppingallduringtraining.Personstoparticipateinvarioustrainingcoursesofthetentharticle,uponcompletionoftrainingneedstrainingcertificateorgraduationcertificateandex
46、aminationresultstothemineandcompanytrainingcentresfortherecord,nocertificatesandgrades,towritealearningortrainingarenotqualified,stoppedtrainingAllbonuses.11thoutoftreatmentfortrainingpersonnelandlaborrespectively,accordingtotherelevantregulations.Informationonfees,lecturefeesapprovedbytheMineUnifie
47、dauditreportclaims.Safetymanagementsysteminordertoseriouslyimplementthe“safetyandpreventionfirst“approach,accordingto“whosincharge,whoisresponsiblefor“theprincipleofstrengtheningsafeproductionmanagementbyobjectives,maximizecontrolofvarioustypesofaccidentsfromhappening,achievethegoalofensuringsecurit
48、y,thesystemisformulated.Firstarticlesecuritytargetofdevelopedaccordingtocoalinc 境外投资者对上市公司战略投资的，持股不受上述比例限制(5)主权财富基金运用官方外汇储备成立代表国家进行投资的主权财富基金（中国投资有限责任公司 07.09 和国家外汇管理局投资公司）(6)其他金融机构：信托投资公司、财务公司、金融租赁公司信托投资公司：受托经营资金信托、有价证券信托、作为投资基金或基金管理公司的发起人从事投资基金业务财务公司：可申请从事对金融机构的股权投资、证券投资金融租赁公司：目前尚未批准其从事证券投资业务3、企事业法
49、人(1)企业法人：可参与股票配售、投资股票二级市场，自有资金自营或委托(2)事业法人：可用自有资金和有权自行支配的预算外资金进行证券投资4、各类基金(1)证券投资基金通过公开发售基金份额筹集资金，由基金管理人管理，基金托管人托管，为基金份额持有人利益，以资产组合方式进行证券投资活动的基金可投资股票、债券、证监会规定的其他投资品种(2)社保基金两部分组成：社会保障基金、社会保险基金社会保障基金：A、资金来源：国有股减持划入的资金和股权资产、中央财政拨入资金、其他方式筹集的资金及其投资收益、2001 年起新增发行彩票公益金的 80%上缴社保基金B、全国社会保障基金理事会直接运作的社保基金投资范围限于银行存款、一级市场购买国债、其他投资需委托投资管理人C、社保基金的投资范围：银行存款、国债、证券投资基金、股票、信用级别在投资级以上的企业债、金融债，其中a 银行存款和国债投资比例不低于 50%b 企业债、金融债投资比例不高于 10%c 证券投资基金、股票投资比例不高于 40%d 单个投资管理人管理的社保基金投资于 1 家企业发行的证券或单只证券投资基金，不得超过该企业发行证券或该基金份额的 5%;按成本计算，不得超过其管理的社保基金总值的 10%e 委托单个社保基金投资管理人进行管理的资产，
