1、定语和定语从句,一、定语表达方式,前置定语：形容词、代词、数词、名词和名词的所有格、现在分词和过去分词。 He bought a new book yesterday. Our government tries in every way to satisfy our needs. We won the second prize at the contest. It is a stone bridge. My brothers wish is to become a doctor.,He rushed into a burning house. I can speak some broken E
2、nglish. Five young men have come to a small village. Mr. Browns son works in a watch factory. This matter is of great importance. The excited football fans burnt some private cars,后置定语：副词、表语性强的形容词、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、定语从句及当修饰一个由 some, any, every 等词构成的合成代词时的普通形容词。 The villagers there were very friendl
3、y. He has just returned from his trip abroad. We must try to help them in every way possible. This is the only reference book available here on the subject.,The picture on the wall is beautiful. The man at the door is an engineer. The girl wearing a red skirt is my sister. Do you know the man dresse
4、d in a leather jacket? 定语从句也是后置定语： This is the book which Professor Li lent me. Ill never forget the childhood that we spent together.,二、定语从句,关系代词的用法：关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词。 who（人,主格）whom （人,宾格） whose (人的,所有格) He is a man who means what he says. The people whom we met in the campus yesterday are from
5、 England. The boy whose father works for the IMB is my close friend.,which (物，主格或宾格） whose (物的，所有格） Have you ever been to the store which sells Volkswagen cars? The book which you are reading must be interesting. The car whose left door was damaged has now been repaired.,that (人或物,只用于限制性定语从句) Thats
6、the kind woman that took care of the children. The doctor that you are waiting for will come back soon. What do you think of the film that you saw last night? The factory that makes bikes for children looks modern.,关系副词的用法：关系副词when, where, why也可以引导定语从句，并在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因等。关系副词的意思相当于“介词+which结构。He wil
7、l always remember the day when (on which) his father returned from America. This is the time when (at which) she left for Beijing.,The supermarket where (in which) he works is the largest in Nanjing. I like the school where (at which) my son is studying. I dont know the reason why (for which) he did
8、nt come to the meeting yesterday.,How不能引导定语从句： This is the way how he behaves (w) This is how he behaves. (R) This is the way he behaves (R),用法要点： 1. 定语从句是后置定语，位于主语后或宾语及表语后。学会分清主句和从句。选关系词时以从句为标准。 The man _ I talked to is a singer. The man _ came to our school this morning is a singer. I hate the man
9、 _ is complaining to my mother. I know the man _ you mentioned just now.,whom,who,who,whom,2. 选择关系词时应把先行词放回从句，将从句读通。根据先行词在从句中的语法成分，选择相应的关系代词或关系副词。读通从句的关键是从句中动词的用法。请比较： Ill never forget the days _ we spent together in our childhood. Ill never forget the day _ I joined the League. This is the house _
10、I bought last year. This is the house _ I lived ten years ago.,which,when,which,where,There is one thing _ I am not clear about. This is the place _ the traffic accident occurred. This is the place _ the foreign guests are going to visit. The reason _ she gave is unbelievable. The reason _ he refuse
11、d her is not known. The tree _ was cut down is 300 years old. The tree _ leaves have fallen is 300 years old.,which,where,which,which,why,which,whose,This is the child _ father died in an accident. There was something _ she was interested in. There was something _ she was interested. Dont forget the
12、 things _ I have just reminded you. He is the man _ I learnt the news. This is a ring _ she spent 1,000 dollars. This is the famous music _ I like to listen.,whose,which,in which,of which,from whom,on which,to which,3. 关系代词的省略 作直接宾语时可以省略。 The man (whom) you saw just now is our manager. Who was the w
13、oman (that) you were talking with? Where is the book (which) you borrowed from the library?,注意：关系代词直接在介词后作介宾时，不能省略。但介词位于句未时，可省去。 This is the girl with whom he worked. This is the girl (whom) he worked with. He told us a story in which we were interested. He told us a story (which) we were interested
14、 in.,先行词为place ,way, reason时关系副词的省略： This is the place (where/at which) we met yesterday. That is the reason (why/ for which) I did it. The way (that/in which) these people look at problems is wrong.,4. 只能用that的情况： 1）先行词是all, much, anything, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词。 This is all (that)
15、 he said at the meeting. There is nothing (that) he is afraid of. All that glitters is not gold.,2）先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very, 等词修饰时: He is the only person that was present at that time. No reply (that) we have received is satisfactory. Please send us any informati
16、on (that) you have about the subject. This is the very book (that) I want.,3）有两个或两个以上先行词，兼指人和物时: He talked about the cities and people (that) he had visited in Europe.,5. 关系代词紧跟介词后时,只能用which 不能用that： She talked about the things from which she suffered a lot. This is the book for which he paid fifty
17、yuan.,6. 先行词为who用关系词that, 先行词为anyone / anybody/ everyone/ everybody/ someone/ somebody/ these/ those 用关系词who或whom: Is there anyone here who can speak French? He saw the manager talking with somebody (whom) he didnt know. Those who agree raise your hands.,Thank you for listening,As young students, yo
18、u have many dreams. These dreams can be very big, such as winning the Nobel Prize; they can also be s _ , such as becoming one of the best students in your class.Once you find a dream, what do you do with it? Do you ever try to make your dream come true?Andrew Matthews, an Australian writer, tells u
19、s that making your dreams r _ is lifes biggest challenge(挑战). You may think youre not very good at some school subjects, or that its impossible for you to become a writer. Those kinds of ideas s _ you from realizing your dream.,mall,eal,top,In fact, everyone can realize his dream. The first thing yo
20、u must do is to r _ what your dream is. Dont let it leave your heart. Keep telling y _ what you want every day and then your dream will come true faster. Everybody knows what a big dream is made up.You must also n _ give up your dream. There will be difficulties on the road to your dreams, b the big
21、gest difficulty doesnt come from other people. You need to decide what is the most important. Studying instead of watching TV will help you to get better exam results, while saving five yuan instead of buying an ice cream means you can buy a new book. As you get closer to your dream, it may change a
22、 little. This is good as you have the chance to learn something more useful and find new hobbies.,emember,ourself,ever,ut,Years ago, if a teenager had some problems in his life, he might write in his diary. Now a teenager with the s problems might go onto the Internet and write about them in a blog(
23、博客). In many ways, a dairy and a blog are almost the same. But what makes a blog different from a diary? The biggest difference is that a blog is much more p than a diary. Usually, a teenager treats her diary like a book full of secrets. Both diaries and blogs tell what h to the writer that day.,ame
24、,ublic,appened,I have a little sister, and sometimes I go online to read her blog. She writes about things like waking up early for swimming practice and not studying hard e for her chemistry exam. When I was her age, I wrote about the same things, but only in my diary. Then, after I finished writin
25、g, I would hide my diary in a secret place because I was w that my sister might read it!,nough,orried,Because a blog is such a public way of writing, it has both good and bad points. The biggest problem with a blog is that a can read what you write. If I am angry with a friend during school and writ
26、e something bad about her in my dairy, she will never know it. However, if my sister writes something bad about a friend, that friend may read her blog and get angry. So we have to be very careful of what we write.,nyone,A blog has good points, of course. People choose to write in blogs because they
27、 know that their friends will read what they write. For example, if my sister writes something in blogs, her friends will quickly reply and tell her how much they like her. Blogs help people stay in contact with their friends and learn what the p around them are doing. If people are careful about wh
28、at they write, blogs are a very good way to write about everyday life. However, I still prefer my old diary!,eople,Many years ago, there was a story of a school teacher Mrs. Thompson. She told the children on the first day that she loved them all the same. But that was a l . There in the front row w
29、as a little boy named Teddy Stoddard. He didnt play well with the other children and he always needed a bath. She did not like him. Then Mrs. Thompson got to know that Teddy was a a very good boy before the death of his mother. Mrs. Thompson was ashamed of herself. She felt even w when Teddy brought
30、 her a Christmas present. It was his mothers perfume.,ie,ctually,orse,Teddy said, “Mrs. Thompson, today you smell l my Mom used to.” After the children left, she cried for at least an hour. On that very day, she stopped teaching reading, writing and maths. Instead, she began to teach children. Mrs.
31、Thompson paid particular attention to Teddy. The boys mind seemed to come alive. The more she encouraged him, the faster he i . By the end of the sixth grade, Teddy had become one of the smartest children in the class.,ike,mproved,Six years went by before she got a note from Teddy. He wrote that he
32、had finished high school, third in his class, and she was still the best teacher he ever had in his whole life. He went to college. Mrs. Thompson got two more letters from him with the last one signed, Theodore F. Stoddard, M. D The story doesnt e there. On his wedding day, Dr. Stoddard whispered in
33、 Mrs. Thompsons ear, “Thank you, Mrs. Thompson, for believing in me. You made me feel important and showed me that I could make a d .” Mrs. Thompson, with tears in her eyes, whispered back, “Teddy, you have it all wrong. I didnt know how to teach until I met you.”,nd,ifference,It was a busy morning,
34、 about 8:30, when an elderly gentleman in his 80s arrived to have stitches (缝线) removed from his thumb (拇指). He said he was in a hurry as he had an appointment（预约）at 9:00 am. I had him take a seat, knowing it would be over an hour b someone was able to see him. I saw him looking at his watch and dec
35、ided, since I was not busy with another patient, I would deal with his wound. The wound was w healed (愈合), so I talked to one of the doctors, and got the needed supplies to remove his stitches.,efore,ell,While taking care of his wound, I asked him if he had another doctors appointment this morning,
36、as he was in such a hurry. The gentleman told me n and that he needed to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his wife. I asked him some questions a her health. He told me that she had been there for a while and that she was seriously s . As we talked, I asked if she would be unhappy if he w
37、as a bit l .,o,bout,ick,ate,He replied that she no longer knew who he was, and that she had not recognized him for five years now. I was surprised, and asked him, “And you still go every morning, even though she doesnt know who you are?” He smiled as he patted my hand and said, “She doesnt know me, but I still know who she is.” I had to hold back tears as he left, and I thought, “Life i about how to survive (艰难度过) the storm, but how to dance in the rain. That is the kind of love I want in my life.”,snt,
