1、高三英语总复习语法系列训练,动名词,1 构成,2 功能,3 时态,4 语态,5 复合结构,6 名词化,动名词,一、动名词及动名词短语的构成,1. 构成方式：,2. 否定式：,not +动名词(doing)的各种形式,3. 动名词的复合结构：动名词前可以有自己的逻辑主语，作为该 动词所表示的的发出者。如：their coming, my(me)making a suggestion,his daughters staying up latethe window being open,二、动名词的句法功能,（一）动名词作主语 （二）动名词作宾语 （三）动名词作表语 （四）动名词作定语,（一）动名词
2、作主语,动名词作主语多表示抽象的、一般性的动作。Swimming has its laws. Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。 Learning without practice is no good.,1. 名词作主语，有时句中使用形式主语it而将真正主语（动名词）放到句尾。常用的结构有： It is +n. + doing. It is + adj. + doing There is (was) no doing(=It is possible to do).,It is no use writing to him; he never answers lett
3、ers. It is good playing chess after supper. There is no holding back the wheel of history.,注意,适用于以上结构的名词（短语）有：no use, no good, fun, a waste (of time), a great pleasure, 等形容词有：useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile, foolish, dangerous 等。如：,It is no good learning without practice. It is a waste
4、of time (worthwhile) discussing such matters.,（二）动名词作宾语,动名词（短语）作宾语包括作谓语动词的宾语和作介词的宾语两个概念。,作介词的宾语。she left without saying goodbye to us.He insisted on watching the football game.They succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.They all objected to putting the meeting off.,注意,在一些动名词（短语）作介词in的宾语 的结构中
5、，介词in 可以省略。这些结构有： 1. difficultytroubleS+have+ problem + (in) doing .a good/hard timefun 2. There is no point (in) doing sth 3. be busy S+ be long + (in) doing.lose timewaste time 4. S + spend time / money (in) doing sth,2. 与动词不定式相似，动名词作宾语也是由一些及物动词专门要求的。常要求作宾语的动词有：admit承认，anticipate预料，appreciate感谢，av
6、oid，cant help禁不住，consider思考，delay耽搁，deny否认，dislike，dread惧怕，enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy想象，finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose提议，recollect回忆，resent怨恨，resist, risk, save, suggest建议，understand 等。,注意,在带有宾补的结构中，往往用it作形式宾语而将真正宾语（动名词）放在句尾。,I consider it a
7、waste of time arguing about it. We found it useless discussing it again. I dong think it worthwhile doing it right now.,thinkconsider uselessS + find it+ no use + doingfeel like no goodetc.,（三）动名词作表语,动名词(短语)作表语用来表示主语的内容。Her job is nursing patients.My favorite summer sport is swimming.,（四）动名词作定语,动名词作
8、定语放在所修饰的名词之前，表示所修饰的名词的功能、作用。 These passages may be used as listening materials. Mr. Wang suffers from insomnia(失眠), he has to take a sleeping tablets before going to bed. He is too old and has to walk with the help of a walking stick.,三、动名词的时态,(一)、一般式(doing)(二)、完成式(having done),(一)、一般式(doing),动名词一般式
9、所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生。,By reviewing the old, you can learn something new. Some people are interested in singing. Children enjoy watching animated cartoon.,某些动词后，动名词所表示的动作虽然发生在谓语动作之前，但仍用动名词的一般式。 I dont remember ever seeing her anywhere. He mentioned meeting the governor at the reception.,
10、(二)、完成式(having done),动名词的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生。 I regret having been unable to write you earlier. He denied having taken any money from the cash register. I apologize for not having kept my promise. We have no ides of their having done such a thing.,四、动名词的被动语态,（一）一般式（being done)（二）完成式 （having been done
11、),（一）一般式（being done),当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是该动作的对象（即动名词所表示的动作与逻辑主语有动宾关系）时，动名词一般要用被动式。,He came in without being asked. I dont mind being left home all by myself. He disliked being interrupted in his experiment. Tom avoided being punished because of his fathers absence. Before being used, the computer shoul
12、d be tested.,注意,在want, need, deserve, require 等动词及形容词worth后，总是用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“to be +过去分词”。,My watch needs repairing (=to be repaired). The house wants cleaning. The way deserves mentioning. 这个方法值得一提。 These young trees will require looking after carefully. The Selected Poems is well worth readin
13、g.,（二）完成式（having been done),如果动名词所表示的被动动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动式。但大多数情况下都避免使用这种完成被动式，而用一般被动式代替，以免句子显得累赘。,I dont remember having ever been giving such a book. Without not having been invited to the party, he felt sad.,五、动名词的复合结构,动名词具有动词的特征，因此它可有自己的逻辑主语。如果需要指出动名词动作的发出者，可在动名词前加一物主代词、名词所有格、名词或人称代词宾
14、格来修饰，表示动名词逻辑上的主语这样就构成了动名词的复合结构。,Do you mind my(me) making a suggestion? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. My daughters staying up so late worried me. I know nothing about the window being open. Are you disappointed at there not being more gifts? She was awakened by someone knocking at the door.,六、名词性动名词,有时一个动名词既不带宾语、状语也没有完成时态和被动语态，失去了动词的特征而更多地具有了名词的特点，如动名词前可加不定冠词“a”, 词后加表示复数的“s”，可被形容词修饰。这种动名词称为名词性动名词。,They are giving the room a good cleaning. His teaching still exert a strong influence. The building of socialism requires our concerted efforts. 建设社会主义需要我们齐心协力。,
